دانلود کتاب Nano-enabled Agrochemicals in Agriculture

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Front Cover Nano-enabled Agrochemicals in Agriculture Copyright Contents Contributors Chapter 1: The role of nanotechnology to combat major recent worldwide challenges 1. Recent problems and efforts towards their solution 1.1. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic 1.2. Environmental crisis due to fossil fuels combustion References Chapter 2: Classification of nanomaterials and their physical and chemical nature 1. Introduction 2. Origin 3. Classification of nanostructures 3.1. According to dimensions 3.1.1. Zero dimensional (0D) 3.1.2. One dimensional (1D) 3.1.3. Two dimensional (2D) 3.1.4. Three dimensional (3D) 3.2. According to composition 3.3. Structural classification of nanomaterials 3.4. According to morphology 4. Various phenomena that affect the properties of nanomaterials 4.1. Quantum confinement 4.2. Surface plasma resonance 4.3. Quantum coherence 4.4. Surface/interface effects 5. Properties of nanomaterials 5.1. Physical properties 5.2. Chemical properties References Chapter 3: The theory of relativity effect in nanoparticles: Deciphering of unknown effects with nano-puzzle and nano-d 1. Introduction 2. Unknown effects and gaps 3. The theory of relativity effect 4. Nano-puzzle as a new concept and strategy in nanotechnology 5. Domino effect or chain effect theory in NPs (Nano-domino) 6. Hypothetical experiment design for relativity theory effect 7. Conclusions References Further reading Chapter 4: Eco-friendly routes for obtaining nanoparticles and their application in agro-industry 1. Benefits and risks of nanoparticles 2. Synthesis of nanoparticles: Bioinspiration, biomimetics, or allowing nature do the work 3. NPs come from nature and to nature they shall return 4. Technological strategies in agriculture 5. Nanoparticles for biotic stress and plant disease/pest management 6. Nanoparticles against weeds Acknowledgments References Chapter 5: The mechanisms involved in the synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles 1. Introduction 2. Literature review 2.1. Physical-chemical synthesis of nanoparticles 2.2. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles 2.2.1. Nanoparticles synthesis via bacteria 2.2.2. Nanoparticles synthesis by fungi 2.2.2.1. Essential factors in fungal biosynthesis of nanoparticles 2.2.3. Synthesis of nanoparticles by yeast 2.2.4. Synthesis of nanoparticles by actinomycetes 2.2.5. Synthesis of nanoparticles by viruses 2.2.6. Synthesis of nanoparticles by plants or plant products 3. Zinc nanoparticles 3.1. Synthesis mechanisms of zinc nanoparticles 3.2. Chemical mechanism of zinc nanoparticle synthesis 3.3. Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by green method 3.3.1. The advantages of green nanoparticle synthesis 3.3.2. Using leaf extract of Moringa oleifera 3.3.3. Using the leaf of extract Calotropis gigantean 3.3.4. Using rice as of bio-template 4. Silver nanoparticles 4.1. Mechanism of synthesis of silver nanoparticles 4.1.1. General syntheses of silver nanoparticles 4.2. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles 4.2.1. Silver-synthesizing fungi 4.2.2. Silver-synthesizing bacteria 4.2.3. Silver-synthesizing plants 4.2.3.1. The protocol of nanoparticle syntheses 5. Conclusions References Chapter 6: Advanced analytical techniques for physico-chemical characterization of nano-materials 1. Electron microscopy 1.1. SEM 1.2. TEM 1.2.1. HRTEM 1.2.2. STEM 1.2.3. Spectroscopy (XEDS and EELS) 2. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 3. Raman spectroscopy 4. X-ray diffraction (XRD) 5. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 6. Thermal analysis techniques 6.1. Thermogravimetric analysis 6.2. Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry 7. NPs interaction with soils and microorganisms 7.1. Behavior of NPs in soils 7.2. Effects on soil enzymes 7.3. Assessment of NPs in soil microbiota 7.4. Incidence of NPs in soils and its relation with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) References Chapter 7: Nanotechnology for cargo delivery with a special emphasis on pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer 1. Introduction 1.1. Nanotechnology 1.2. Manufacturing approaches employed in nanotechnology 1.3. Applications of nanotechnology/nanocargo in drug delivery 1.3.1. Biopolymeric nanoparticles in drug delivery system 1.3.2. Smart cargo delivery of nanotechnology in medical field 1.4. Regulatory asepcts of nanofertilizers 1.5. Nanotechnology in agriculture 1.5.1. Nanotechnology in delivery of pesticides and herbicides cargo 1.5.2. Biopesticides as nanoformulations 1.5.3. Nanotechnology in delivery of fertilizers 1.5.4. Miscellaneous uses of nanotechnology in agriculture 1.5.4.1. Nanotechnology in nutrition, health and as non-viral vector for gene delivery in plant cells 1.5.4.2. Nanoparticles in plant growth enhancement as growth promoter 2. Materials for fabrication of nanoformulations of pesticides/herbicides and nanofertilizers 2.1. Polymer-based encapsulation 2.2. Lipid nanomaterial-based encapsulation 2.3. Clay nanomaterial-based encapsulation 2.4. Greener encapsulations 3. Nanoparticles as active ingredients 4. Nanoporous zeolite 5. Conclusion References Chapter 8: Nano-biofertilizers for enhanced nutrient use efficiency 1. Introduction 2. Nano-biofertilizers 3. Mineral nutrients deficiency in plants 4. Nutrient availability 5. Effects of nano-biofertilizers on plant nutrition 6. Biological mechanisms of nano-biofertilizers action 7. Benefits of nano-biofertilizers over conventional chemical fertilizers 8. Conclusion References Chapter 9: Nanopriming technology for improving crop plants under stressful conditions: concept and methods 1. Introduction 2. Concept of seed priming techniques 3. Methods of seed priming 3.1. Hydropriming 3.2. Osmopriming 3.3. Nutrient priming 3.4. Biopriming 3.5. Priming with plant growth regulators 3.6. Priming with plant extracts 3.7. Priming through physical agents 3.8. Nanopriming 4. The downside of seed priming 5. Recent developments in seed priming 6. Future perspectives References Chapter 10: Applications of nanotechnology in precision agriculture 1. Introduction 2. Nanoparticle (NP) synthesis and uptake 3. Commonly exploited nanoparticles in precision agriculture 3.1. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 3.2. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) 3.3. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) 3.4. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 3.5. Quantum dots (QDs) 3.6. Nanorods 4. Nanotechnological interventions in precision agriculture 4.1. Nutrient supplements 4.1.1. Nano-fertilizers 4.1.2. Nano-biofertilizers 4.2. Seed germination and crop enhancement 4.3. NPs for pest management 4.4. NPs for disease management 4.5. Nanoherbicides 4.6. Post-harvest applications 4.7. NPs in plant genetic manipulation 4.8. Nano-sensors 4.8.1. E-nose 4.8.2. E-tongue 4.8.3. Smart dust 4.9. Nano-barcodes 4.10. Bioremediation of persistent agrochemicals 5. Future perspectives 6. Conclusion Conflict of interest References Chapter 11: Algal nanoparticles and their potential application in agriculture 1. Introduction 2. Algae as bio-nanofactories 3. Microalgae-based NP synthesis 4. Macroalgae-based NP synthesis 5. Mechanisms for the role of algae in nanoparticle formation 6. Advantages of algal-based nanoparticles 7. Algal nanoparticles in agriculture 8. Concluding remarks and future perspective References Chapter 12: Silver and zinc nanoparticles in the improvement of agricultural crops 1. Introduction 2. General properties of NPs 3. Roles of AgNPs in crop improvement 4. Roles of ZnNPs in crop improvement 5. Toxicity mediated by AgNPs and ZnNPs: A brief overview 6. Conclusion 7. Future perspectives Acknowledgments References Chapter 13: Biogenic nanoparticles and their application for removal of organic contaminants from water and wastewater 1. Introduction 2. Nanoparticles and biogenic nanoparticles 3. Biogenic nanoparticles for removal of organic contaminants from water and wastewater 4. Conclusions References Chapter 14: Stimulatory role of nanomaterials on agricultural crops 1. Introduction 2. Biostimulation with the use of nanomaterials 2.1. Impact of NMs on photosynthesis 2.2. Impact of NMs on the antioxidant defense system 2.3. Impact of NMs on gene expression 2.4. Other impacts of NMs on plants 3. Stimulation of growth and development of crops with the application of NMs 3.1. Impact of NMs on germination 3.2. Stimulation of biomass production with the application of NMs 3.3. Stimulation of yield with the application of NMs 4. Stimulation of environmental stress tolerance compounds 5. Stimulation of tolerance compounds to pathogenic microorganisms 6. Stimulation of biocompounds in different organs of plants 7. Conclusions References Chapter 15: Green synthesis of nanoparticles and their uses in agriculture 1. Introduction 2. Green synthesis nanoparticles 2.1. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 2.2. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) 2.3. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) 2.4. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) 2.5. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 2.6. Magnesium oxide NPs (MgO NPs) 2.7. Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) 2.8. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) 2.9. Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) 3. Role of nanotechnology in agriculture 3.1. Plant growth and development 3.2. Nanofertilizers 3.3. Nanopesticides 3.4. Nano(bio)sensors 3.5. Gene delivery in plant transformation 4. Conclusions References Chapter 16: A comprehensive review on nanopesticides and nanofertilizers-A boon for agriculture 1. Introduction 2. Importance of agriculture 3. Problems faced by people in agriculture 4. Role of pesticides in the augmentation of crop production 5. Role of fertilizers in the augmentation of crop production 6. Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture 7. An agricultural revolution by nanopesticides and nanofertilizers in agriculture 8. What are nanofertilizers? 9. Conventional bulk fertilizers vs. nanofertilizers 10. Environmental and health concerns of nanofertilizers 11. What are nanopesticides? 12. Hazards associated with the use of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers and their management 13. Conclusion References Chapter 17: Nano-enabled agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture 1. Introduction 2. Pesticide-loaded nano-enabled agrochemicals 2.1. Nanoemulsions 2.2. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) 2.3. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) 2.4. Nanoliposomes 3. New trends and challenges for field application of pesticide-loaded nano-enabled agrochemicals 4. Conclusions References Chapter 18: Synthesis of nanofungicides by encapsulating fungicide nanoparticles using functionalized graphene and its ap ... 1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Reagents 2.2. Apparatus 2.3. Preparation of GO-g-PCA 2.4. Preparation of GO-g-PCA-EP 2.5. Preparation of potato dextrose agar medium 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Characterization of nanofungicides using FT-IR 3.2. Optimization of effective parameters on the synthesis of GO-g-PCA-EP 3.3. Fungicides encapsulation through GO-g-PCA: UV-vis assay 3.4. SEM micrographs of synthesized GO-g-PCA-fungicide 3.5. Application of encapsulated Thiophanate Methyl and Benomyl nanoparticles on Rhizoctonia solani fungi 4. Conclusions Conflict of interest Acknowledgments References Chapter 19: Effects of nanoparticles on phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in agricultural crops 1. Introduction 2. Phytotoxicity 3. Cytotoxicity 4. Genotoxicity 5. Conclusions References Chapter 20: Engineered nanomaterial-mediated changes in the growth and development of common agricultural crops 1. Introduction 2. Classes of nanomaterials 3. Relevance of engineered nanomaterials in agriculture/crop production 3.1. Nano-fertilizers 3.2. Nano-pesticides 3.3. Gene delivery/genetic improvement 3.4. Nano-biosensor 4. Beneficial effects of engineered nanomaterials on growth and development of selected agricultural crops 5. Beneficial effects of ENMs on biotic stress of the studied crop plants 6. The ecological risk associated with nanomaterials inputs in agriculture 7. Conclusion References Chapter 21: Biosynthesis and green synthesis of nanoparticles and their use in agriculture 1. Introduction 2. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles 3. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by fungi 4. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by bacteria 5. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by plant extract 6. Nanoparticles as antimicrobials 7. Plant pathogenicity and nanoparticles 8. Plant growth parameters and efficacy of nano-formulations on them 9. Conclusions 10. Future prospects References Chapter 22: Nanoparticle-based solutions for diagnosis and management of fungal plant pathogens 1. Introduction 2. Diagnosis and management of some fungal plant pathogens in nanoscale 2.1. Fusarium spp. Link (1809) 2.2. Alternaria spp. Nees ex Wallroth (1816) 2.3. Botrytis spp. Micheli ex Pers (1794) 2.4. Rhizoctonia spp. De Candolle (1815) 3. Conclusions References Chapter 23: Current status and future prospects of nanoparticles as plant genetic materials carrier 1. Introduction 2. Prevalent methods of plant transformation and challenges associated with them 2.1. Biological system 2.1.1. Agrobacterium-mediated biotransformation 2.1.2. Virus medicated biotransformation 2.2. Nonbiological system 2.2.1. Electroporation 2.2.2. Particle bombardment 2.2.3. Microinjection 2.2.4. Thermal treatment mediated gene transfer 3. Nanocarriers for genetically modified crops 4. Nanocarriers non-GM opportunities 4.1. Gene-editing 4.2. RNAi 5. Advantages of nanoparticles for genetic engineering 6. Need for future research 7. Conclusion References Chapter 24: Current developments in nanotechnology for the growth of different industrial sectors: 2010-20 1. Introduction 2. Nanotechnology development in different sectors, 2010-20 3. Nanotechnology: Current development in agriculture sector 3.1. Agri-tech revolution: Opportunities 4. Nano biosensors for food processing 4.1. Need for nano-biosensors 5. Conclusion 6. Future direction References Chapter 25: Impacts of nanomaterials on metabolic profiling of agricultural crops 1. Introduction 2. NPs action on metabolic profiling of plants 3. Conclusions References Chapter 26: Polymeric nanoparticle-based insecticide: A critical review of agriculture production 1. Introduction 2. Different types of insecticides and their mode of action 2.1. Limitations of conventional insecticides 2.2. Agricultural crops status and current scenario of insecticide use 3. Role of nanotechnology in next generation agriculture 3.1. Different types of nanoparticles 4. Nanoparticles as pesticides 4.1. Applications of pesticide delivery system 4.1.1. Pesticide delivery system using nanoparticles as nanocarriers 4.1.2. Nanoparticles as gene delivery agents 4.1.3. Nanoparticles to improve pesticide formulations 5. The current scenario 6. Nano-based insecticides 6.1. Mode of action of nanoparticles against insects 6.1.1. Silver nanoparticles 6.1.2. Gold nanoparticles 6.1.3. Carbon nanoparticles 6.1.4. Polystyrene nanoparticles 6.1.5. Silica and alumina nanoparticles 6.1.6. Titania nanoparticles 6.1.7. Zinc oxide nanoparticles 6.1.8. Silver and other mineral-based nanoparticles 7. Chitosan nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture 8. Limitations 9. Future prospective and research challenges References Chapter 27: Nano-delivery system: In the agriculture sector 1. Introduction 1.1. Nano-delivery systems 2. Nanoparticles and nano-carriers for agriculture 2.1. Mesoporous silicon-based nano-carriers (MPSNPs) 2.2. Solid lipid nanoparticles 2.3. Nano-capsules 2.4. Micelles, liposomes, and nano-emulsions 2.5. Dendrimers 2.6. Nanocrystals 2.7. Nanogels 3. Drug delivery: In agriculture 4. Prospects of nano-delivery system technology in agriculture 5. Application of nanoparticles in agriculture and food sectors is quite recent compared to their use in drug delivery an ... 5.1. Nano-carriers as a nonviral vector for gene delivery in plant cells 5.2. Nano-delivery systems for nutrition and growth promotion in plants 5.3. Importance of nano-delivery systems for disease and pest control in crops 6. Conclusion References Chapter 28: Nanotechnology, a new tool for agriculture and agroindustry 1. Nanotechnology in the agriculture and agroindustry 2. Nanomaterials 3. Nano metal oxides as elicitors 3.1. Titanium dioxide 3.2. Silicon dioxide 3.3. Iron oxides 3.4. Zinc oxide 3.5. Cerium oxide 3.6. Other oxides NPs 4. Nano metal oxides for plant disease protection 4.1. Titanium dioxide 4.2. Zinc oxide 4.3. Silicon dioxide 4.4. Iron oxide 4.5. Magnesium oxide 4.6. Cerium oxide 5. Application of nanofibers in agriculture 5.1. Natural nanofibers and agricultural uses 5.2. Nanofibers as encapsulant 5.3. Nanofibers as nano-emulsions vehicle for agro-industrial applications 6. Conclusions References Chapter 29: Synthesis of different TiO2 nanostructures using central composite design optimization method and application ... 1. Introduction 2. Experimental setup 2.1. Materials 2.2. Preparation of photocatalysts 2.3. Experimental design 2.4. Fabrication of TiO2 nanostructures and characterization 3. Result and discussion 4. Conclusions References Index Back Cover