دانلود کتاب Net-Positive Design and Sustainable Urban Development

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Figures List of Boxes Preface Overview PART I: Design and Analysis: Synopsis of Part I SECTION A: Introduction to Positive Development 1. Overview of Net-Positive Development 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Definitions and Basic Concepts in Positive Development (PD) 1.3 The Critique of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) in PD 1.4 Introduction to Some Basic Design Strategies 1.5 Institutional Reform 1.6 Conclusion 1.7 Exercises Notes 2. Centrality of the Built Environment in Sustainability 2.1. Review and Preview 2.2. Potentially Positive Built-Environment Impacts 2.3 Future Trends 2.4. Conclusion 2.5 Exercises Notes SECTION B: Sustainability Revisited 3. Sustainability Paradigms in Historical Context 3.1 Review and Preview 3.2 Misconceptions about Sustainability 3.3 An Overview of the Dominant Paradigm (DP) 3.4 Historical Strands in the Sustainability Movement 3.5 Three Streams within Circular Approaches 3.6 Open- and Closed-Systems Distinction 3.7 Hard and Soft Streams in Sustainable Design 3.8 Sustainable Design at Different Scales 3.9 Conclusion 3.10 Exercises Notes 4. Sustainability and Positive Development Theory 4.1 Review and Preview 4.2 Limits to Growth and the 1972 UN Stockholm Conference 4.3 Limits to Resources and the 1969 NEPA Legislation 4.4 Boundaries and the 1980 World Conservation Strategy 4.5 Balance and the 1987 World Council for Environment and Development 4.6 Government Declarations and Policies ConcerningUrban Development 4.7 Three Differing Models of Sustainability 4.8 Positive Development Theory in Shorthand 4.9 Conclusion 4.10 Exercises Notes SECTION C: Built Environment Solutions 5. Eco-Positive Retrofitting 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Alternative to Green Growth 5.3 Shared Problems of Competing Growth Models 5.4 Retrofitting 5.5 Eco-Positive Retrofitting 5.6 Implementing Retrofitting 5.7 Sample Eco-positive Retrofitting Design Concepts 5.8 Conclusion 5.9 Exercises Notes 6. Design for Nature Exemplified 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Green Scaffolding (GS) Functions 6.3 GS Applications in Cities 6.4 GS Applications at Urban/Regional Scales 6.5 Green Scaffolding (GS) and Eco-Services 6.6 Incentivizing GS and Design for Eco-Services 6.7 Sample Incentives 6.8 Conclusion 6.9 Exercises Notes SECTION D: Systems Mapping Themes (SMT) Analyses 7. SMT Analyses for Physical Design 7.1 Review and Preview 7.2 Review of the SMARTmode Planning Process 7.3 Overview of SMT Analyses 7.4 Code to the SMT Diagrams 7.5 Design Issues at Building or Project Scale 7.6 Urban Planning Issues at Municipal or Regional Scale 7.7 Exercises Notes 8. SMT Analyses for Institutional Design 8.3 Exercises Notes PART II: Decision Making and Assessment: Synopsis of Part II SECTION E: Development Governance 9. Governance and Futures Planning 9.1 Review and Preview 9.2 Design as aDriver of Systems Change 9.3 Eco-governance 9.4 Planning as Governance 9.5 Sustainable (Futures) Planning 9.6 Digital Cities 9.7 Conclusion 9.8 Exercises Notes 10. Development Control and Assessment 10.1 Review and Preview 10.2 Development Control 10.3 Community Participation 10.4 Introduction to Green Building Rating/Marketing Tools (RTs) 10.5 Overview of Issues and Omissions in RTs 10.6 Comparison of RTs to Other Quality Controls 10.7 Conclusion 10.8 Exercises Notes SECTION F: Rating Tools Critiqued 11. Rating Tools and Procedures 11.1 Review and Preview 11.2 Applies to Total Construction Impacts or Just Certain Types of Projects? 11.3 Introduces a Culture of Science or Sets Rules? 11.4 Examines Basic Alternatives or Simply Compares Design Elements? 11.5 Promotes Capacity Building or Outsources to Private Consultants? 11.6 Increases Community Engagement or Creates an Expertariat? 11.7 Enables the Prevention of Harmful Projects or Legitimizes Them? 11.8 Requires Public Transparent Findings or Simply Makes Judgments? 11.9 Allows As-of-Right Approvals or Fosters Improvements? 11.10 Requires Adaptability to Be Designed in or Relies on Durability? 11.11 Considers Lost Eco-productivity or Ignores Opportunity Costs? 11.12 Effectively Devalues the Future or Considers Resource Scarcity? Notes 12. Rating Tools and Substance 12.1 Requires Public Purposes or Just Client Benefits? 12.2 Treats Buildings as Parts of Open or Nested Urban Systems? 12.3 Allows for Automatic Approvals or Judicious Decisions? 12.4 Uses Design as Conflict Resolution or Simply Chooses Winners? 12.5 Includes Elements of Time and Space or Just Material Efficiency? 12.6 Considers Cumulative, Regional Impacts or Just Onsite Impacts? 12.7 Considers Public Interests or Just Stakeholder Interests? 12.8 Considers Ethical and Social Issues or Just Economic Gains? 12.9 Considers Whole-System Gains or Relies on System Boundaries? 12.10 Addresses Resource Scarcity and Extinctions or Just Relative Consumption? 12.11 Prioritizes Highest Sustainable Land Use or Highest Economic Use? 12.12 Transferability of RTs to Disadvantaged Regions 12.13 Conclusion 12.14 Exercises Notes SECTION G: Eco-Positive Design Review (A Qualitative Tool) 13. Eco-positive Design Review (Social Issues) 13.1 Review and Preview 13.2 Basic Criteria for an eDR 13.3 Health, Safety and Security 13.4 Sustainability Education and Social Change 13.5 Social Needs (Vvalues, Justice, Fairness, Etc.) 13.6 Space for Changing Needs 13.7 Economic Equity, Opportunity or Affordability 13.8 Safer and Healthier Jobs Notes 14. The Eco-Positive Design Review (Ecological issues) 14.1 Restore and Increase Natural Systems and Eco-services 14.2 Create Eco-positive Onsite and Offsite Impacts 14.3 Reduce Waste and Total Material Flows 14.4 Eliminate Fossil Fuels and Sequester Carbon 14.5 Increase Ecological and Human Health 14.6 Recognize Complex and Interdependent Open Systems 14.7 Conclusion 14.8 Exercises Notes SECTION H: STARfish (A Quantitative Tool) 15. The STARfish Tool Described 15.1 Review and Preview 15.2 How Impact Categories Overlap 15.3 Description of the STARfish 15.4 Summary of STARfish Benefits 15.5 Exercises Notes 16. The STARfish Tool Benchmarks 16.1 Review and Preview 16.2 Ecology/Biodiversity STARfish 16.3 Materials/Waste STARfish 16.4 Efficiency/Energy STARfish 16.5 Greenhouse/Carbon (Sequestration) STARfish 16.6 The Health/Life Quality STARfish 16.7 Planning/Spatial Relationships STARfish 16.8 Conclusion 16.9 Exercises Notes Index