دانلود کتاب NETosis: Immunity, Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Drug Development

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Cover
NETosis: Immunity, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword
Preface
1 Neutrophil extracellular trap formation: an introduction
Two distinct forms of NETosis
Suicidal NETosis
Vital NETosis
Differences between suicidal and vital NETosis
NETosis: sequence of events
NET formation from reactive oxygen species to chromatin decondensation
Histone modification in NETosis
Mechanism of clearance of NETotic debris
Regulation of NETosis
Other cells involved in NETosis
Basophils
Eosinophils
Mast cells
Monocytes and macrophages
References
Further reading
2 NETosis: mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies
Role of DNA and histones in neutrophil extracellular trap release
DNA in NETosis
Microbicidal activity of DNA in neutrophil extracellular traps
Major proteins involved in NETosis
Histones in neutrophil extracellular trap
Histones as damage-associated molecular patterns
Reactive oxygen species as key factor in NETosis
Cell-cycle kinases in reactive oxygen species–dependent NETosis
Reactive oxygen species–independent NETosis
Signaling pathways involved in NETosis
Rac2 signaling pathway
Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Other kinases involved in neutrophil extracellular trap signaling
Antimicrobial strategies of neutrophil extracellular traps
Bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Escherichia coli
Clostridium difficile
Shigella flexneri
Salmonella typhimurium
Yersinia enterocolitica
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Vibrio cholerae
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Viruses
Influenza
Dengue virus (DENV)
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Respiratory syncytial virus
Fungi
Candida albicans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus spp.
Parasites
Plasmodium falciparum
Toxoplasma gondii
NETosis and cytokines
References
Further reading
3 Factors regulating NETosis
Autophagy in NETosis
Various autophagic stimulants induce NETosis
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
Phorbol myristate acetate
Bacteria-derived formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
Lipopolysaccharide
Autophagy-related molecules in NETosis
PMA-induced chromatin decondensation requires NOX2 activity in NETosis
Effect of autophagy inhibition on NETosis
Role of Toll-like receptors in autophagy
Involvement of autophagy in neutrophil extracellular trap formation during fungal infection
Apoptosis in NETosis
ApoNETosis
Molecules at the interface of apoptosis and NETosis
Phagocytotic uptake: Apotosis versus NETosis
Necrosis in NETosis
Response to necrosis
Morphology of necrotic neutrophils
Various stimuli for neutrophil extracellular trap induction
Microcrystals
Monosodium urate crystals
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals (CPPD)
Alum
Cholesterol crystals
Silica crystals
Nanoparticles
NET formation under hypoxic condition
Cellular effects of hypoxia
Hypoxia increases NETosis
Role of pH in neutrophil extracellular trap induction
References
Further reading
4 NETosis in neonates
Neutrophil activity during pregnancy and in newborns
Impaired and delayed NETosis in newborns
Distinct neutrophil extracellular trap regulation exists in newborns
Calprotectin is associated with neutrophil extracellular trap in newborns
Inhibitors of neutrophil extracellular trap activity in newborns
Reactive oxygen species-independent pathway in newborns
Differential regulation of neutrophil extracellular traps components in newborns
References
5 NETosis in Autoimmunity
NETosis in rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis
NETosis as a source of autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis
Citrullination of histones in neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis
Citrullinated histones as autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis
Ectopic lymphoid structures as a source of antineutrophil extracellular trap antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
Role of NETosis generated cell-free DNA in rheumatoid arthritis
Therapeutics based on modulating NETosis in rheumatoid arthritis
NETosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Neutrophil extracellular trap components in systemic lupus erythematosus
Role of DNase I
Neutrophil extracellular traps drive plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce type I interferon in systemic lupus erythematosus
Low-density granulocytes have heightened capacity to make neutrophil extracellular traps
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate enhanced inflammasome activation in systemic lupus erythematosus
Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap degradation in systemic lupus erythematosus
Neutrophil extracellular trap has protective role in drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus
Role of mitochondrial DNA in neutrophil extracellular trap in systemic lupus erythematosus
Neutrophil extracellular trap–based therapeutics in neutrophil extracellular traps
Effect of inhibition of JAK on NETosis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Effect of B cells–inhibiting drugs in NETosis
Neutrophil extracellular traps in multiple sclerosis
Higher circulating levels of neutrophil extracellular traps in sera from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Neutrophil extracellular trap exhibits gender-specific difference in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
References
6 NETosis in other diseases and therapeutic approaches
NETosis in cystic fibrosis
Antimicrobial role of neutrophil extracellular trap in cystic fibrosis
Pathophysiological role of neutrophil extracellular trap in cystic fibrosis
Alternative fates of neutrophils in the cystic fibrosis lung
Neutrophil extracellular trap–based therapeutic options in cystic fibrosis
NETosis in diabetes mellitus
NETosis severely impairs wound healing in diabetes mellitus
Antineutrophil extracellular trap therapy in diabetes mellitus
NETosis in cardiometabolic disease
Increased peptidylarginine deiminase 4 and neutrophil extracellular trap activation in atherosclerosis
NETosis-based therapy
NETosis in cancer
Consequences of neutrophil extracellular trap in cancer
Therapeutic targeting of neutrophil extracellular trap in individuals with cancer
Neutrophil extracellular trap in Alzheimer’s disease
Two types of NETosis in Alzheimer’s disease: intravascular and intraparenchymal NET
Intravascular NETosis
Intraparenchymal NETosis
Neutrophil extracellular trap–based therapeutic approaches in Alzheimer’s disease
NETosis in gout
Immunology of the acute inflammatory response in gout
MSU crystals induce neutrophil extracellular trap via a distinct molecular pathway
Pseudogout and necroptosis induction
Neutrophil extracellular trap–based therapeutic targets in gout
NETosis in pancreatitis
Neutrophil extracellular trap–based therapeutic options in pancreatitis
NETosis in infectious diseases
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Parasitic diseases
Viral diseases
In Vitro neutrophil extracellular trap formation: measurement techniques
References
Further reading
Nomenclature list
Index
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