دانلود کتاب Neurosurgical Diseases: An Evidence-Based Approach to Guide Practice

فهرست مطالب :

Neurosurgical Diseases: An Evidence-Based Approach to Guide Practice Title Page Copyright Dedication Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contributors 1 Natural History and Management Options of Recurrent Glioblastoma 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Recurrent Glioblastoma 1.3 The Natural History of Recurrent Glioblastoma 1.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Recurrent Glioblastoma 1.5 Treatment Options for Recurrent Glioblastoma 1.5.1 Repeat Surgery 1.5.2 Further Radiotherapy 1.5.3 Further Chemotherapy 1.6 Authors’ Recommendations 2 Natural History and Management Options of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Unruptured bAVM 2.2.1 Comparing Future Risk of ICH for Unruptured bAVM 2.2.2 Factors that Impact on the Risk of First ICH 2.2.3 The Expected Outcome fromb AVM ICH 2.2.4 Understanding the Cause for ICH Associated with bAVM 2.3 Selected Papers on the Treatment Options for Unruptured Brain AVM 2.4 Treatment Options for Unruptured Brain AVM 2.4.1 Embolization 2.4.2 Radiosurgery 2.4.3 Surgery with or without Planned Preoperative Embolization 2.4.4 Results of Surgery 2.4.5 Combined Treatment 2.4.6 Conclusion Regarding Treatment 3 Natural History and Surgical Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Spontaneous ICHs 3.3 Natural History of Spontaneous ICHs 3.4 Natural History of Spontaneous Supratentorial ICH 3.5 Natural History of Spontaneous Infratentorial ICH 3.6 Selected Papers on Surgical Management of Spontaneous ICHs 3.7 Surgical Management Options for Spontaneous ICHs 3.8 Surgical Management of Spontaneous Supratentorial ICH 3.9 Surgical Management of Spontaneous Infratentorial ICH 3.10 Surgical Management for Spontaneous ICH Associated with Intraventricular Hemorrhage 3.11 Medical Management of Spontaneous ICH 3.12 Authors’ Recommendations 3.12.1 Medical Management of Spontaneous ICH 3.12.2 Management of Supratentorial Hemorrhage 3.12.3 Management of Infratentorial Hemorrhage 3.12.4 Management of Intraventricular Hemorrhage 4 Natural History and Management Options of Pineal Cyst 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Pineal Cyst 4.3 Natural History 4.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Options for Pineal Cyst 4.5 Treatment Options for Pineal Cysts 4.6 Authors’ Recommendations 5 Natural History and Management Options of Colloid Cysts 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Colloid Cysts 5.3 Natural History of Colloid Cysts 5.4 Predicting the Risk of Sudden Death 5.5 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Colloid Cysts 5.6 Treatment Options 5.7 Authors’ Recommendations 6 Natural History and Management Options of Vestibular Schwannomas 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Selected Papers on Natural History 6.3 Natural History 6.3.1 Rate of Growth 6.3.2 Risk Factors for Growth 6.3.3 Growth in Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Vestibular Schwannomas 6.4 Selected Papers on Treatment 6.5 Treatment 6.5.1 Microsurgery 6.5.2 Stereotactic Radiosurgery 6.5.3 Microsurgery and Stereotactic Radiosurgery 6.5.4 Neurofibromatosis Type 2 6.6 Authors’ Recommendations 7 Natural History and Management Options of Acromegaly 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Pathology 7.3 Clinical Signs and Presentation 7.4 Imaging 7.5 Diagnosis and Follow-up 7.6 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Acromegaly 7.7 Natural History of Acromegaly 7.8 Selected Papers on the Management Options for Acromegaly 7.9 Management Options 7.9.1 Surgery 7.9.2 Stereotactic Radiosurgery 7.9.3 Medical Therapy 7.10 Authors’ Recommendations 8 Natural History and Management Options for Cushing’s Disease 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Cushing’s Disease 8.3 The Natural History of Cushing’s Disease 8.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Cushing’s Disease 8.5 Treatment of Cushing’s Disease 8.5.1 Surgical Resection 8.5.2 Radiation Therapy 8.5.3 Medical Treatment 8.5.4 Recurrent Cushing’s Disease 8.6 Authors’ Recommendations 9 Natural History and Management Options of Traumatic Brain Injury 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Traumatic Brain Injury 9.3 Natural History of Traumatic Brain Injury 9.4 Predicting Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury 9.5 Assessment of the Primary Brain Injury 9.6 Assessment of Secondary Brain Injury 9.7 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes 9.8 Treatment Options 9.9 Medical Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury 9.10 Surgical Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury 9.11 Decompressive Craniectomy Following Severe Traumatic—not Hemicraniectomy Brain Injury 9.12 Authors’ Recommendations 10 Natural History and Management Options of Angionegative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Angionegative SAH 10.3 Natural History 10.4 Selected Papers on the Management Options of Angionegative SAH 10.5 Treatment Options 10.6 Authors’ Recommendations 11 Natural History and Management Options of Low-Grade Glioma 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of LGG 11.3 Natural History of Low-Grade Glioma 11.4 Rate of Progression to High-Grade Glioma 11.5 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of LGGs 11.6 Treatment Options 11.6.1 Surveillance Alone 11.6.2 Radical Surgical Resection 11.6.3 Radiotherapy 11.6.4 Chemotherapy 11.7 Prognostication 11.8 Authors’ Recommendations 12 Natural History and Management Options of Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenoma 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of NFPAs 12.3 Natural History of NFPAs 12.4 Selected Papers on the Management Options of NFPAs 12.5 Management Options 12.5.1 Endocrine Evaluation 12.5.2 Ophthalmologic Evaluation 12.5.3 Surgery 12.5.4 Radiation Therapy 12.5.5 Medical Therapy 12.6 Authors’ Recommendations 13 Natural History and Management Options of Craniopharyngioma 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Craniopharyngioma 13.3 Natural History of Craniopharyngioma 13.4 Selected Papers on the Management of Craniopharyngioma 13.5 Treatment Options 13.5.1 Surgery 13.6 Our Experience 13.7 Authors’ Recommendations 14 Natural History and Management Options of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Selected Papers on Natural History 14.3 Natural History of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension 14.3.1 Factors Predicting Blindness or Poor Visual Outcome 14.4 Selected Papers on Management Options for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension 14.5 Management Options for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension 14.5.1 Weight Loss Including Bariatric Surgery 14.5.2 Pharmaceutical Treatments 14.5.3 Surgical Treatments 14.6 Authors’ Recommendations 15 Natural History and Management Options of Chronic Subdural Hematoma 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Chronic Subdural Hematoma 15.3 Natural History 15.3.1 Inflammation 15.3.2 Angiogenesis 15.3.3 Hyperfibrinolysis 15.4 Selected Papers on the Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma 15.5 Treatment Options 15.5.1 Surgical 15.5.2 Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma 15.5.3 Nonsurgical 15.6 Authors’ Recommendations 16 Natural History and Management Options of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Selected Papers on Natural History of UIAs 16.3 Natural History of UIAs 16.4 Lifelong Rupture Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms Depends on Risk Factors 16.4.1 Aneurysm-Related Risk Factors 16.5 Serial Imaging Surveillance 16.6 Selected Papers on Management Options for UIAs 16.7 Management Options for UIAs 16.8 Endovascular and Surgical Repair: Outcomes and Obliteration Rates 16.9 Authors’ Recommendations 17 Natural History and Management Options of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 17.3 Natural History of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 17.3.1 Vasospasm 17.3.2 Chronic Hydrocephalus 17.3.3 Seizure 17.4 Selected Papers on the Management Options for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 17.5 Management Options for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 17.5.1 Intracranial PressureManagement 17.5.2 Seizure Prophylaxis 17.5.3 Timing of Treatment 17.5.4 Overview of Treatment Modalities 17.5.5 Comparing Treatment Modalities 17.5.6 Procedural and Periprocedural Complications 17.5.7 Rerupture after Treatment 17.6 Authors’ Recommendations 18 Natural History and Management Options of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Cavernous Malformations 18.3 Natural History of Cavernous Malformation 18.3.1 Risk of Hemorrhage 18.3.2 Risk of Rebleeding 18.3.3 Risk of Seizures 18.3.4 Associated Vascular Abnormalities 18.4 Limitations of Studies on the Natural History of Cavernomas 18.5 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes for Cavernous Malformations 18.6 Treatment Options for Cavernous Malformations 18.6.1 Recommendations for Treatment 18.7 Authors’ Recommendations 19 Natural History and Management Options of Skull Base Chordoma 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Skull Base Chordoma 19.3 Natural History of Skull Base Chordoma 19.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Skull Base Chordoma 19.5 Treatment Options and Surgical Outcome 19.6 Authors’ Recommendations 20 Natural History and Management Options of Chiari 1 Malformation 20.1 Introduction 20.1.1 CM-1-Associated Syringomyelia 20.1.2 Pathophysiology of Chiari Malformation Type 1 20.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Chiari Malformation Type 1 20.3 Natural History of Chiari Malformation Type 1 20.3.1 Asymptomatic Chiari Malformation Type 1 20.3.2 Symptomatic Chiari Malformation Type 1 20.4 Selected Papers on the Management Options of Chiari Malformation Type 1 20.4.1 Adults 20.4.2 Pediatrics 20.5 Management Options for Chiari Malformation Type 1 20.6 Authors’ Recommendations 21 Natural History and Management Options of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas 21.1 Introduction 21.1.1 Pathophysiology 21.1.2 Classification 21.1.3 Clinical Presentation and Imaging Evaluation 21.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula 21.3 Natural History of DAVFs 21.3.1 Natural History of Low-Grade DAVFs 21.3.2 Natural History of High-Grade DAVFs 21.4 Selected Papers on Treatment Outcomes of DAVFs 21.5 Treatment Strategy 21.6 Therapeutic Options 21.6.1 Endovascular Treatment 21.6.2 Endovascular Outcomes 21.6.3 Microsurgical Treatment 21.6.4 Microsurgical Outcomes 21.6.5 Radiosurgical Treatment 21.6.6 Radiosurgical Outcomes 21.7 Authors’ Recommendations 22 Natural History and Management Options of Cerebral Metastases 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Cerebral Metastases 22.3 Natural History of Cerebral Metastases 22.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Cerebral Metastases 22.5 Treatment Options for Cerebral Metastases 22.5.1 Supportive 22.5.2 Surgery 22.5.3 Whole Brain Radiotherapy 22.5.4 Stereotactic Radiosurgery 22.5.5 Chemotherapy and Novel Agents 22.5.6 Treatment Outcomes by Primary Malignancy 22.6 Authors’ Recommendations 23 Natural History and Management Options of Convexity Meningioma 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Convexity Meningioma 23.3 Natural History of Incidental Convexity Meningioma 23.3.1 Size 23.3.2 Growth Rate and Tumor Doubling Time 23.4 Risk Factors That Predict Tumor Growth 23.5 Recurrence 23.6 Selected Papers on the Treatment Options for Convexity Meningioma 23.7 Treatment Options for Convexity Meningioma 23.8 Observation 23.9 Surgery 23.10 Radiotherapy 23.11 Authors’ Recommendations 24 Natural History and Management Options of Ruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Ruptured bAVMs 24.3 Natural History of Ruptured bAVM 24.4 Risk of Recurrent Hemorrhage 24.5 Other Factors 24.6 Associated Aneurysms 24.7 Infratentorial Brain Arteriovenous Malformations 24.8 Deep Venous Drainage 24.9 Selected Papers on the Treatment of Ruptured bAVMs 24.10 Treatment Options for Ruptured bAVM 24.11 Surgery 24.11.1 Timing of Intervention 24.12 Stereotactic Radiosurgery 24.12.1 Timing of Radiosurgery 24.13 Embolization 24.13.1 Role of Embolization 24.13.2 Timing of Embolization 24.13.3 Outcomes of Embolization 24.14 Authors’ Recommendations 25 Natural History and Management Options of Trigeminal Neuralgia 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Trigeminal Neuralgia 25.3 Natural History of Trigeminal Neuralgia 25.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia 25.5 Treatment Options of Trigeminal Neuralgia 25.5.1 Medical Therapy 25.5.2 Microvascular Decompression 25.5.3 Percutaneous Ablative Procedures 25.5.4 Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation 25.5.5 Glycerol/Alcohol Injection 25.5.6 Balloon Compression 25.5.7 Stereotactic Radiosurgery 25.6 Trigeminal Neuralgia in Multiple Sclerosis 25.7 Authors’ Recommendations 26 Natural History and Management Options of Cerebral Lymphoma 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Diagnosis and Evaluation 26.2.1 Imaging 26.3 Selected Papers on Natural History of PCNSL 26.4 Natural History of PCNSL 26.5 AIDS-Associated PCNSL 26.6 Selected Papers on Treatment Outcomes of PCNSL 26.7 Treatment Outcomes of PCNSL 26.7.1 The Role of Steroids Prior to Biopsy 26.7.2 Induction Therapy 26.7.3 Consolidation Therapy 26.7.4 Surgery 26.8 Authors’ Recommendations 27 Natural History and Management Options of Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 27.3 Natural History 27.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Options of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 27.5 Treatment Options 27.6 Treatment Outcomes 27.7 Authors’ Recommendations Index