دانلود کتاب New Aspects of the Genesis of the Medieval Town Walls in the Northern Baltic Sea Region

فهرست مطالب :

Introduction 3
Overview of the publications 4
Theoretical background 6
Social organisation of Old Livonia 10
Medieval towns of Old Livonia 14
Chapter 1. Building materials 17
1.1. Limestone and lime mortar 17
1.2. Glacial erratic 21
1.3. Bricks 22
1.3.1. Brick making origins in Old Livonia 22
1.3.2. Medieval brick making in Estonia 24
1.3.3. Workers 28
1.4. Summary 29
Chapter 2. Changes in the townscape 32
2.1. Waste management 32
2.1.1. Cesspits 32
2.1.2. Dendrochronological dating of the Tartu cesspits 34
2.1.3. Cesspits as the indicators of town planning 36
2.1.4. Original function of the cesspits 37
2.2. Stone buildings 39
2.3. Summary 41
Chapter 3. Medieval town walls in the northern Baltic Sea area 43
3.1. Old Livonia – in the present-day territory of Estonia 43
3.1.1. Tallinn (Reval) 43
3.1.2. Tartu (Dorpat) 44
3.1.3. Viljandi (Fellin) 46
3.1.4. Uus-Pärnu (Neu-Pernau) 48
3.1.5. Haapsalu (Hapsal) 49
3.1.6. Narva 50
3.2. Old Livonia – in the present-day territory of Latvia 51
3.2.1. Riga 51
3.2.2. Koknese (Kokenhusen) 53
3.2.3. Valmiera (Wolmar) 55
3.2.4. Cēsis (Wenden) 57
3.3. Sweden 60
3.3.1. Stockholm 61
3.3.2. Viipuri (Viborg) 64
3.3.3. Visby 67
3.3.4. Kalmar 70
3.4. Summary 71
Conclusions 77
Acknowledgements 82
References 83
Publications 94