دانلود کتاب New Directions for Research in L2 Writing

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GERT RIJLAARSDAM UniversityofAmsterdam & Utrecht University, the Netherlands Multilingualism is becoming the default in our global world. The present-day global citizens use different languages in different situations. Apart from their mother tongue, they learn languages that give them access to other regions, nations, and worlds. In all countries ofthe European Union, for instance, at least one foreign lan­ guage is mandatory in secondary schools. Most students are taught English as a for­ eign language, the lingua franca in Europe. In large parts of the USA, students move from Spanish to English schooling. In parts of Canada, bilingual education is stan­ dard. In Catalonia (Spain) children learn Catalonian and Spanish, in Hong Kong English and Chinese. The smaller the world becomes, the more languages are used and learned. For writing process research, this development into multilingualism entails at least two challenges. First ofall, studying the relation between writing in L1 and L2 provides an opportunity for collaborative studies, in different language settings. Second, the issue ofgeneralization of findings comes to the fore. It becomes evident now that we have unjustly neglected this issue in writing process research. We for­ got to ask whether it is feasible to talk about 'writing processes' in general, without referring to the language of the written texts, and without taking into account the educational and linguistic culture in which these texts originate.