دانلود کتاب New York City English

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Contents\n1 Introduction\n 1.1 New York City English and the approach taken in this book\n 1.2 The data used\n 1.3 What non-specialists need to know\n 1.3.1 Variationist studies\n 1.3.2 Appreciating NYCE\n 1.3.3 Comprehending NYCE\n2 Geography demography and cultural factors\n 2.1 The New York City Dialect Region\n 2.2 Social Class and Prestige\n 2.3 A City of Immigrants\n 2.4 Racial and Ethnic Identities\n 2.4.1 Racial nomenclature\n 2.4.2 Defining race\n 2.4.3 How New Yorkers define race\n 2.4.4 Sociolinguistic treatments of race and ethnicity\n 2.4.5 New Yorkers’ associations of race and variation\n 2.4.6 Racial Segregation and Dialect Development and Preservation\n3 Phonetics and Phonology\n 3.1 I coulda been a contenda\n 3.2 (r): the fourth floor\n 3.3 Vowels\n 3.3.1 The short-A split\n 3.3.2 The low-back system: “Send a Salami to Your Boy in the Army”\n 3.3.3 Two Diphthongs or Three?\n 3.3.4 Back and Front Upgliding Vowels\n 3.3.5 Other conditioned patterns\n 3.4 Consonants\n 3.4.1 Dis and dat: (dh) and (th)\n 3.4.2 Other Racially Differentiated Consonants\n 3.4.3 Hubbell’s inventory\n 3.4.4 Consonant clusters\n 3.5 Suprasegmental Factors\n 3.6 Conclusion\n4 Morphology and Syntax\n 4.1 Background\n 4.2 Regional NYCE features\n 4.2.1 Morphology\n 4.2.2 Syntax\n 4.3 Internal Ethnic-based Variation\n 4.3.1 African American English\n 4.3.2 Spanish calques: No longer devil-owned\n 4.3.3 Goyim can’t say that: Jewish English\n 4.4 Summary: Contact and Future Research\n5 Discourse Factors\n 5.1 Background\n 5.2 New York Jewish Conversational Style\n 5.3 Research on African American Communicative Genres\n 5.4 Bilingual Repertoires: Language Contact in New York\n 5.5 Further Research\n6 Lexicon\n 6.1 Background\n 6.2 Immigrant Contributions\n 6.2.1 Yiddishisms\n 6.2.2 Lexical contributions from other languages\n 6.3 Words Original to NYCE\n 6.4 Racial Factors\n 6.4.1 Racial Variation\n 6.4.2 The N-word\n 6.4.3 The city divided\n 6.5 Glocal Words in New York and beyond\n7 The History and Study of NYCE\n 7.1 Early NYCE\n 7.1.1 Origins\n 7.1.2 Early Evolution of NYCE\n 7.2 Research on NYCE and Recent Developments\n 7.2.1 Labov’s Social Stratification of English in New York City\n 7.2.2 Research since SSENYC\n8 Conclusion\n 8.1 New York City English and Prominence of Race\n 8.2 The Sociolinguistics of Diversity and Superdiversity\n9 Appendix A: Short Biographical Descriptions of the BQ-16\n10 Appendix B: Transcriptions of NYCE Speakers\n 10.1 Rashid Lewis\n 10.2 Gay Latinos: Kicked Out of Victoria’s Secret\n 10.3 Andy Sullivan and Laura Feldman\n 10.4 Johan Aranda\nReferences\nIndex