دانلود کتاب Nonprofit Bookkeeping & Accounting For Dummies (For Dummies (Business & Personal Finance))

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Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1 Accounting and Bookkeeping Nonprofit-Style
Chapter 1 Introducing Nonprofit Bookkeeping and Accounting
Getting Started with Your Nonprofit’s Books
Identifying the difference between bookkeeping and accounting
Bookkeeping
Accounting
Picking your accounting method
Understanding the basic terms
Classifying your transactions
Considering the transaction methodology
Keeping a journal
Logging debits and credits
Adhering to GAAP and GAAS
Keeping a paper trail
Making Sure Your Books Are Balanced
Establishing a chart of accounts
Tracking transactions
Developing a budget
Being compliant
Finding Out about Federal Grants
Gleaning some grant basics
Following the rules
Going through a grant audit
Paying Federal Taxes
Getting a Grasp on Financial Statements
Chapter 2 Starting with Basic Bookkeeping and Accounting
Understanding Accounting and Bookkeeping
Outlining the differences between accounting and bookkeeping
Defining common financial terms
Grasping assets, liabilities, and net assets
Eyeing nonprofit revenue and expenses
Identifying cash flows and operating budgets
Getting a hold on debits and credits
Adhering to generally accepted accounting principles
Choosing Your Accounting Method
Keeping track of the cash
Maintaining accrual-based books
Introducing fund accounting
Running Numbers on Your Assets
Booking assets
Learning about depreciation methods
Choosing declining balance depreciation
Going with straight-line depreciation
Selecting double-declining balance depreciation
Keeping an Eye on Your Assets
Protecting your nonprofit’s physical assets
Setting internal controls
Establishing checks and balances
Separating employees’ duties
Insuring or bonding nonprofit employees
Chapter 3 Introducing Financial Statements
Explaining the Importance of Financial Statements
Seeing the benefits of tracking the money
Using the financial statements
Internal users
External users
Using Financial Statements to Your Advantage
Assisting with grant proposals
Tracing donations
Following nonprofit activities
Identifying contingent liabilities
Identifying the Financial Statements
Reading the statement of activities
Working with the statement of financial position
Developing the cash flow statement
Grasping the statement of functional expense
Documenting the notes to the financial statements
Chapter 4 Keeping Accurate Accounting Records
Going the Manual or Computer Route
Creating a Manual System
Discussing the pros and cons
Walking through the parts of a manual system
Using Spreadsheet Programs
Breaking down the spreadsheet
Converting your manual system to a spreadsheet
Exploring Nonprofit Software Programs
QuickBooks
Aplos
ACCOUNTS
Making Sure Your System Is Secure
Maintaining data integrity
Firewall
Antivirus software
Limiting user privileges
Backing up your system
Part 2 Balancing Your Nonprofit’s Books
Chapter 5 Setting Up the Chart of Accounts for Nonprofits
Identifying and Naming Your Nonprofit’s Main Types of Accounts
Accounting for assets
Labeling liabilities
Explaining net assets
Calculating the change in net assets
Recording revenue
Booking costs
Assigning Numbers to the Accounts
Chapter 6 Recording Accounting Transactions
Explaining the Recording Process
Choosing your basis of accounting
Eyeing the specifics of the process
Looking at the two sides of a transaction
Stepping Through the Accounting Cycle
Recording journal entries
Posting to the general ledger
Reaching the trial balance
Adjusting entries
Correcting errors
Making a journal correction
Making a ledger correction
Chapter 7 Keeping Tabs on Your Checking Account
Getting the Lowdown on Your Checkbook Register
Tracking Nonprofit Donations
Discussing donation methods
Cash donations
Donations made by check
Credit card donations
Direct bank draft donations
Grants
Entering donations in your register
Subtracting Your Expenses
Adjusting the checkbook register
Identifying common expenses
Recording direct or automatic bank drafts
Balancing the Checkbook
Using the bank statement
Considering outstanding checks
Finding and addressing errors
Chapter 8 Starting with Manual Bookkeeping
Suggesting a Manual Bookkeeping Shopping List
Walking Through Journals
Recording in cash journals
Cash receipts journal
Cash disbursements journal
Entering to the sales and purchases journals
Sales journal
Purchases journal
Using the general journal
Showing Examples of Common Nonprofit Journal Entries
Booking donor transactions
Recording expenditures
Posting to the general ledger
Adjusting prior entries
Dealing with net assets
Incorporating Spreadsheet Programs
Walking through the spreadsheet
Converting manual records into a spreadsheet
Setting up financial reporting templates
Chapter 9 Advancing into Nonprofit Accounting Software
Choosing Accounting Software
Using QuickBooks for Nonprofits
Considering the pros and cons
Customizing QuickBooks for nonprofits
Company type
Donor type
Configuring classes, and tags
Providing examples of QuickBooks journals, ledgers, and reports
Walking through a journal and entries
Showing a partial general ledger
Laying out financial reporting
Selecting Aplos Fund Accounting Software
Weighing the pros and cons
Walking through reporting layers
Chart of accounts
Check register
General journal
Accrual accounting options
Donor tools
Budgeting by fund or tag
Allocating costs
Selecting ACCOUNTS
Discussing advantages and disadvantages
Recording income and expense
Tracking fund balances
Creating financial reports
Chapter 10 Balancing Cash Flow with an Operating Budget
Understanding the Importance of Having a Budget in the Nonprofit World
Preparing to Create an Operating Budget
Setting clear guidelines
Identifying your nonprofit’s objectives
Making and prioritizing goals
Organizational goals
Individual program goals
Staying organized
Use a detailed calendar with time frames and deadlines
File all paperwork in a timely manner
Throw away what you don’t need
Outline your tasks
Coming Up with an Operating Budget
Walking through the steps to the budget
Step 1: Prioritize and determine the need
Step 2: Make a list of everything coming in and going out
Step 3: Separate actual income versus projected income
Step 4: Compare income to expenses and make adjustments as necessary
Getting your budget approved
Reviewing Budget Performance
Establishing a budget task group
Making adjustments
Part 3 Accounting for Nonprofit Situations
Chapter 11 Introducing Federal Grants
Grasping Why Federal Grant Money Is Important to Nonprofits
Spelling Out the Basics
Defining a federal grant
Finding and applying for federal grants for your nonprofit
Documenting where the money goes
Managing Federal Grant Money
Outlining administrative requirements
Determining costs
Understanding audit requirements
Working Through the Details of Your Grant Agreement
Summarizing the grant budget
Knowing the due dates for financial status reports
Indicating special conditions
Keeping the award/project period in mind
Treating program income
Figuring your indirect cost rate
Matching federal and nonprofit shares
Chapter 12 Tracking and Accounting for Federal Dollars
Understanding Your Obligation
Managing Grant Funds
Maintaining a separate budget for your grant dollars
Making changes to your grant
Handling the responsibility of subgrantees
Creating the grant agreement for subgrantees
Monitoring and verifying subgrantees’ reports
Drawing Down Federal Dollars
Transferring grant money
Tracking the electronic transfer
Knowing when to request a drawdown
Reporting Requirements
Preparing the required financial status reports
Filling out SF-425
Learning when to use SF-425a
Submitting SF-425
Explaining other post-award forms
Reporting your progress
Completing your progress report
Submitting your progress report
Closing Out a Grant
Chapter 13 Staying in Nonprofit Compliance
Understanding Why Being Compliant Is Important for Your Nonprofit
Staying in Compliance
Registering with the proper state authority
Accounting for nonprofit activities
Hiring professional help
Abiding by IRS statutes
Finding Out about Accounting Standards
Following FASB standards
ASC 958-205-05, Not-for-Profit Entities: Presentation of Financial Statements
ASC 958-205-55, Not-for-Profit Entities: Implementation Guidance and Illustration
ASC 958-605-25-5A, Not-for-Profit Entities: Revenue Recognition – Contributions
ASC 958-360-35, Not-for-Profit Entities: Depreciation
Using GAAP
Sorting out the Sarbanes–Oxley Act
Selecting an audit committee to hire an independent CPA
Requiring a signed financial statement
Chapter 14 Preparing for an Audit
Understanding the Audit Purpose and Need
Explaining the difference between an independent and grant audit
Independent audits
Grant audits
Introducing internal and external auditors
Obtaining a financial statement opinion
Receiving grant audit findings
Walking Through the Independent Audit Process
Planning and design
Calculating audit risk
Doing analysis
Gathering final evidence and issuing the report
Identifying the Types of Grant Audits
Conducting a desk audit
Setting up the site visit
Gearing up for oversight audits
Single audits
Inspector general audits
Getting Ready for the Auditor
Preparing the books and records for audit review
Tracking all grant expenses
Showing proper cash management
Minimizing cash on hand
Segregating duties through internal controls
Receiving the Report of Audit Findings
Classifying the audit finding
Following the corrective action plan
Discussing an IRS Examination
Chapter 15 Accounting for Payroll and Payroll Taxes
Setting Up Payroll Accounts for Nonprofit Employees
Deducting the Right Amount of Taxes
Receiving Form W-4 from the employee
Using Form W-4 as the employer
Deducting FICA
Considering salaries and wages
Adding in overtime and cash advances
Calculating Specific FICA Payroll Taxes and Deductions
Paying Quarterly Payroll Taxes with Form 941 and Electronic Funds Transfer
Completing Form 941
Filing Form 941
Accessing the EFTPS to make tax deposits
Completing End-of-Year Forms
Filling out the W-2
Filling out the W-3
Knowing where to send the W-2s and W-3s
Accounting for Contract Employees Using Form 1099-NEC
Chapter 16 Doing the Accounting for Tax Form 990
Choosing the Right Tax Form
Knowing What Happens If You Don’t File in a Timely Manner
Understanding the Minimal Requirements Using Form 990-N
Qualifying to Use Form 990-EZ
Filing with Form 990
Walking through Form 990
Submitting Form 990
Completing Form 990-T (Reporting Unrelated Business Income)
Part 4 Wrapping Up the Books
Chapter 17 Analyzing the Statement of Activities
Understanding the Statement of Activities
Booking revenue
Recording expense
Classifying gains and losses
Evaluating the Data
Analyzing revenues and expenses
Determining change in net assets
Using the statement to make comparisons
Seeing how the numbers compare over time
Comparing your nonprofit to other nonprofits
Understanding what this statement doesn’t show
Chapter 18 Reporting Financial Position
Grasping What the Statement Says about Your Nonprofit
Creating the Statement of Financial Position
Understanding the statement’s structure
Classifying assets
Current assets
Long-term assets
Net fixed assets
Total assets
Breaking out liabilities and net assets
Current liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Net assets
Restricted net assets
Unrestricted net assets
Total liabilities and net assets
Evaluating the Numbers
Calculating working capital
Figuring a debt-to-equity ratio
Chapter 19 Eyeing the Statement of Cash Flows
Seeing What the Statement of Cash Flows Can Tell You about Your Nonprofit
Using the statement to track cash
Making decisions based on the statement
Understanding How to Create and Use a Statement of Cash Flows
Getting the statement started
Identifying the parts of the statement
Doing the math
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Analyzing Cash Flow Indicators
Calculating the operating cash flow ratio
Determining free cash flow
Chapter 20 Organizing the Statement of Functional Expense
Classifying Functional Expense
Keeping track of time
Allocating expenses
Program expenses
Management and general expenses
Fundraising expenses
Using the Statement of Functional Expense to Calculate Ratios
Calculating the program spending ratio
Determining the fundraising efficiency ratio
Chapter 21 Closing the Nonprofit Books
Understanding the Need to Close Your Nonprofit’s Books
Adjusting, Closing, and Reversing Entries
Making year-end adjusting entries
Finalizing with closing entries
Reversing entries to close temporary accounts
Completing the Notes to the Financial Statements
Explaining changes in accounting methods
Noting all lawsuits
Including all contingent liabilities
Noting conditions on assets and liabilities
Putting Last Year Behind You and Looking Forward
Part 5 The Part of Tens
Chapter 22 Ten Important Things to Know When Keeping a Nonprofit’s Books
Monitoring Cash Contributions
Keeping a Donors List
Balancing Your Nonprofit’s Checkbook
Leaving a Paper Trail
Protecting Your Nonprofit from Employee Theft
Considering Your Constituency
Staying in Compliance
Limiting Nonprogram Income
Keeping Charities and Politics Separate
Getting Free Support
Chapter 23 Ten Tips for Keeping Your Nonprofit Viable
Keeping Your Books Balanced
Filing Paperwork with the IRS
Paying Bills on Time
Exploring New Fundraising Ideas
Watching Your Nonprofit’s Bottom Line
Looking for New Funding Streams
Getting Grant-Writing Training
Obtaining an Independent Audit Opinion
Updating Communication Strategies
Attending Networking Activities
Index
EULA