دانلود کتاب Nutrition Through the Life Cycle

فهرست مطالب :

Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Chapter 01: Nutrition Basics
Introduction
1.1 Principles of the Science of Nutrition
Essential and Nonessential Nutrients
Dietary Intake Standards
Standards of Nutrient Intake for Nutrition Labels
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats (Lipids)
Vitamins
Phytochemicals
Minerals
Water
Nutrient Functions at the Cellular Level
1.2 Nutrition Labeling
Nutrition Facts Panel
Ingredient Label
Dietary Supplement Labeling
Herbal Remedies
1.3 The Life-Course Approach to Nutrition and Health
Meeting Nutritional Needs Across the Life Cycle
Dietary Considerations Based on Ethnicity
Dietary Considerations Based on Religion
1.4 Nutrition Assessment
Community-Level Assessment
Individual-Level Nutrition Assessment
Clinical/Physical Assessment
Dietary Assessment
Anthropometric Assessment
Biochemical Assessment
Monitoring the Nation’s Nutritional Health
1.5 Public Food and Nutrition Programs
WIC
Nationwide Priorities for Improvements in Nutritional Health
1.6 Nutrition and Health Guidelines for Americans
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
ChooseMyPlate.gov
USDA’s Food Groups
Chapter 02: Preconception Nutrition
Introduction
2.1 Preconception Overview
2020 Nutrition Objectives for the Nation Related to Preconception
2.2 Reproductive Physiology
Female Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
2.3 Nutrition and Fertility
Undernutrition and Fertility
Body Fat and Fertility
Case Study 2.1 Cyclic Infertility with Weight Loss and Gain
Nutrient Status and Fertility
2.4 Nutrition During the Periconceptional Period
Periconceptional Folate Status
Periconceptional Iron Status
2.5 Recommended Dietary Intake and Healthy Dietary Patterns for Preconceptional Women
2.6 Influence of Contraceptives on Preconceptional Nutrition Status
Nutritional Side Effects of Hormonal Contraception
2.7 Model Preconceptional Health and Nutrition Programs
Preconceptional Benefits of WIC
Decreasing Iron Deficiency in Preconceptional Women in Indonesia
Preconception Care: Preparing for Pregnancy
2.8 The Nutrition Care Process
The Nutrition Care Process Related to the Preconception Period
Nutrition Care Process (NCP)Case Study 2.2 Male Infertility
Chapter 03: Preconception Nutrition Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
3.1 Weight Status and Fertility
Obesity, Body Fat Distribution, and Fertility
Case Study 3.1 Anna Marie’s Tale
3.2 Underweight and Fertility
Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Fertility
Women, Exercise, and Fertility
3.3 Diabetes Prior to Pregnancy
Nutritional Management of Diabetes Prior to Pregnancy
3.4 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Fertility
Nutritional Management of PCOS
3.5 Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Maternal PKU
Nutritional Management of PKU
3.6 Celiac Disease
Case Study 3.2 Celiac Disease
Nutritional Management of Celiac Disease
3.7 Premenstrual Syndrome
Treatment of PMS
Chapter 04: Nutrition During Pregnancy
Introduction
4.1 The Status of Pregnancy Outcomes
Infant Mortality
Low Birthweight, Preterm Delivery, and Infant Mortality
Reducing Infant Mortality and Morbidity
4.2 Physiology of Pregnancy
Maternal Physiology
Normal Physiological Changes During Pregnancy
The Placenta
4.3 Embryonic and Fetal Growth and Development
Critical Periods of Growth and Development
Fetal Body Composition
Nutrition, Miscarriage, and Preterm Delivery
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
4.4 Pregnancy Weight Gain
Pregnancy Weight Gain Recommendations
4.5 Nutrition and the Course and Outcome of Pregnancy
Famine and Pregnancy Outcome
4.6 Energy and Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy
The Need for Energy
The Need for Protein
The Need for Fat
The Need for Vitamins and Minerals During Pregnancy
Calcium
Bioactive Components of Food
The need for Water
4.7 Factors Affecting Dietary Intake During Pregnancy
Effect of Taste and Smell Changes on Dietary Intake During Pregnancy
Cultural Considerations
4.8 Healthy Dietary Patterns for Pregnancy
Vegetarian Diets in Pregnancy
Dietary Supplements During Pregnancy
Case Study 4.1 Vegan Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy
4.9 Food Safety During Pregnancy
4.10 Assessment of Nutritional Status During Pregnancy
Dietary Assessment During Pregnancy
Nutrition Biomarker Assessment
4.11 Exercise and Pregnancy Outcome
4.12 Common Health Problems During Pregnancy
Nausea and Vomiting
Heartburn
Constipation
4.13 Model Nutrition Programs for Risk Reduction in Pregnancy
Fit Moms/Mamás Activas
The WIC Program
Chapter 05: Nutrition During Pregnancy Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
5.1 Obesity and Pregnancy
Nutritional Recommendations and Interventions for Obesity During Pregnancy
5.2 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Oxidative Stress, and Nutrition
Chronic Hypertension
Gestational Hypertension
Preeclampsia
Nutritional Recommendations and Interventions for Preeclampsia
Case Study 5.1 A Case of Preeclampsia
5.3 Diabetes in Pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes
Case Study 5.2 Elizabeth’s Story: Gestational Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy
Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy
Type 1 Diabetes During Pregnancy
Nutritional Management of Type 1Diabetes in Pregnancy
5.4 Multifetal Pregnancies
Background Information about Multiple Fetuses
Risks Associated with Multifetal Pregnancy
Nutrition and the Outcome of Multifetal Pregnancy
Dietary Intake in Twin Pregnancy
Nutritional Recommendations for Women with Multifetal Pregnancy
Case Study 5.3 Twin Pregnancy and the Nutrition Care Process
5.5 Eating Disorders in Pregnancy
Consequences of Eating Disorders in Pregnancy
Treatment of Women with Eating Disorders During Pregnancy
Nutritional Interventions for Women with Eating Disorders During Pregnancy
5.6 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
5.7 Nutrition and Adolescent Pregnancy
Obesity, Excess Weight Gain, and Adolescent Pregnancy
Nutritional Recommendations for Pregnant Adolescents
Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 06: Nutrition During Lactation
Introduction
6.1 Lactation Physiology
Functional Units of the Mammary Gland
Mammary Gland Development
Lactogenesis
Hormonal Control of Lactation
Secretion of Milk
The Letdown Reflex
6.2 Human Milk Composition
Colostrum
Water
Energy
Lipids
Protein
Milk Carbohydrates
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Minerals in Human Milk
Taste of Human Milk
6.3 Benefits of Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding Benefits for Mothers
Breastfeeding Benefits for Infants
Benefits
6.4 Breast Milk Supply and Demand
Establishing a Good Milk Supply in the First Month
Can Women Make Enough Milk?
Does the Size of the Breast Limit a Woman’s Ability to Nurse Her Infant?
Is Feeding Frequency Related to The Amount of Milk a Woman Can Make?
Can Women Pump or Express Enough Milk?
Can Women Breastfeed after Breast Reduction or Augmentation Surgery?
6.5 The Breastfeeding Process
Preparing the Breast for Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding Positioning
Presenting the Breast to the Suckling Infant
6.6 The Breastfeeding Infant
Infant Reflexes
Mechanics of Breastfeeding
Identifying Hunger and Satiety
Feeding Frequency
Identifying Breastfeeding Malnutrition
Case Study 6.1 Breastfeeding and Adequate Nourishment
Tooth Decay
Vitamin Supplements for Breastfeeding Infants
6.7 Maternal Diet
Nutrition Assessment of Breastfeeding Women
Energy and Nutrient Needs
Maternal Energy Balance and Milk Composition
Weight Loss During Breastfeeding
Exercise and Breastfeeding
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
Vitamin and Mineral Intakes
Functional Foods
Fluids
Vegetarian Diets
Infant Colic
6.8 Public Food and Nutrition Programs
6.9 Optimal Duration, Influential Factors, and U.S. Goals for Breastfeeding
Optimal Breastfeeding Duration
Breastfeeding Goals for the United States
The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding Rates in the United States
6.10 Breastfeeding Promotion, Facilitation, and Support
Prenatal Breastfeeding Education and Support
Breastfeeding Support for Individuals
Role of the Health Care System in Supporting Breastfeeding
Lactation Support in Hospitals and Birthing Centers
Model U.S. Baby-Friendly Hospital Programs
Lactation Support after Discharge
The Workplace
The Business Case for Breastfeeding
The Community
Public Health Support of Breastfeeding
6.11 Model Breastfeeding Promotion Programs
WIC National Breastfeeding Promotion Project—Loving Support Makes Breastfeeding Work
Texas 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding
Chapter 07: Nutrition During Lactation Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
7.1 Common Breastfeeding Conditions
Sore Nipples
Flat or Inverted Nipples
Letdown Failure
Hyperactive Letdown
Hyperlactation
Engorgement
Plugged Duct
Mastitis
Case Study 7.1 Chronic Mastitis
Low Milk Supply
7.2 Maternal Medications
7.3 Herbal Remedies
Specific Herbs Used in the United States
7.4 Alcohol and Other Drugs and Exposures
Alcohol
Nicotine (Smoking Cigarettes)
Marijuana
Caffeine
Other Drugs of Abuse
Opioids
Environmental Exposures
7.5 Neonatal Jaundice and Kernicterus
Bilirubin Metabolism
Physiologic Versus Pathologic Newborn Jaundice
Hyperbilirubinemia and Breastfeeding
Prevention and Treatment for Severe Jaundice
Information for Parents
7.6 Breastfeeding Multiples
7.7 Infant Allergies
Food Allergy (Hypersensitivity)
Food Intolerance
Case Study 7.2 Breastfeeding Premature Infants
7.8 Late-Preterm Infants
7.9 Human Milk and Preterm Infants
7.10 Medical Contraindications to Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding and HIV Infection
7.11 Human Milk Collection and Storage
Milk Banking
7.12 Model Programs
Breastfeeding Promotion in Physicians’ Office Practices (BPPOP)
The Rush Mothers’ Milk Club
Chapter 08: Infant Nutrition
Introduction
8.1 Assessing Newborn Health
Birthweight and Gestational Age as Outcome Measures
Infant Mortality
Combating Infant Mortality
Newborn Growth Assessment
Normal Physical Growth and Development
Motor Development
Critical Periods
Cognitive Development
Digestive System Development
Parenting
8.2 Energy and Nutrient Needs
Energy Needs
Protein Needs
Fat Needs
Metabolic Rate, Energy, Fats, and Protein—How Do They All Tie Together?
Other Nutrient and Non-Nutrient Needs
8.3 Growth Assessment
Interpretation of Growth Data
8.4 Feeding In Early Infancy
Breast Milk and Formula
Cow Milk
8.5 Development of Infant Feeding Skills
Introduction of Complementary Foods
Case study 8.1 Baby Samantha Will Not Eat
The Importance of Infant Feeding Position
Preparing for Drinking from a Cup
Food Texture and Development
Complementary Feeding
Inappropriate and Unsafe Food Choices
Fluids
How Much Food is Enough for Infants?
Influence of Food Preferences on Feeding Behavior
8.6 Nutrition Guidance
The Infant’s Home Environment
Supplements for Infants: Special Circumstances
Cross-Cultural Considerations
8.7 Common Nutritional Issuesand Concerns
Colic
Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Diarrhea and Constipation
Early Childhood Caries (ECC)
Food Allergies
Lactose Intolerance
Peanut Allergy
Vegetarian Diets
8.8 Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction
Primary Prevention of Obesity during Infancy
Model Programs
Chapter 09: Infant Nutrition Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
9.1 Infants at Risk
Families of Infants with Special Health Care Needs
9.2 Energy and Nutrient Needs of Preterm Infants and Infants with Special Health Care Needs and/or Developmental Delay
Energy Needs
Protein Requirements
Forms of Protein
Fat
Vitamins and Minerals
9.3 Growth of Infants at Risk or with Special Health Care Needs
Growth in Preterm Infants
Corrected Age
Does Intrauterine Growth Predict Extrauterine Growth?
Interpretation of Growth
9.4 Nutrition for Infants with Special Health Care Needs
Nutrition Risks to Development
9.5 Severe Preterm Birth and Nutrition
How Sick Babies are Fed
Food Safety
What to Feed Preterm Infants
Preterm Infants and Feeding
9.6 Infants with Congenital Anomalies and ChronicIllness
Case Study 9.1 Premature Birth in an At-Risk Family
Infants with Genetic Disorders
9.7 Feeding Problems
Case Study 9.2 Noah’s Cardiac Condition
9.8 Nutrition Interventions
9.9 Nutrition Services
Chapter 10: Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition
Introduction
Definitions of the Life-Cycle Stage
Importance of Nutrition
10.1 Tracking Toddler and Preschooler Health
Healthy People 2020
10.2 Normal Growth and Development
Measuring Growth
The WHO and CDC Growth Charts
WHO Growth Standards
Common Problems with Measuring and Plotting Growth Data
10.3 Physiological and Cognitive Development
Toddlers
Case Study 10.1 Meal Time with a Toddler
Preschool-Age Children
Temperament Differences
Food Preference Development, Appetite, and Satiety
10.4 Energy and Nutrient Needs
Energy Needs
Protein
Vitamins and Minerals
10.5 Common Nutrition Problems
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Dental Caries
Constipation
Elevated Blood Lead Levels
Food Security
Food Safety
10.6 Prevention of Nutrition-Related Disorders
Overweight and Obesity in Toddlers and Preschoolers
Assessment of Overweight and Obesity
Prevention of Overweight and Obesity
Treatment of Overweight and Obesity Expert Committee: Recommendations
Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010
Nutrition and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Toddlers and Preschoolers
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
Herbal Supplements
10.7 Dietary and Physical Activity Recommendations
Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010
ChooseMyPlate
Recommendations for Intake of Iron, Fiber, Fat, and Calcium
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Recommended Versus Actual Food Intake
Cross-Cultural Considerations
Vegetarian Diets
Child Care Nutrition Standards
Physical Activity Recommendations
10.8 Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction
Nutrition Assessment
Bright Futures: Nutrition
10.9 Public Food and Nutrition Programs
WIC
WIC’s Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program
Head Start and Early Head Start
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Chapter 11: Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
11.1 Who Are Children with Special Health Care Needs?
11.2 Nutrition Needs of Toddlers and Preschoolers with Chronic Conditions
11.3 Growth Assessment
11.4 Feeding Problems
behavioral Feeding Problems
CASE STUDY 11.1: A Picky Eater
excessive Fluid intake
Feeding Problems and Food Safety
Feeding Problems from Disabilities involving neuromuscular Control
11.5 Nutrition-RelatedConditions
Failure to thrive
Toddler Diarrhea and Celiac Disease
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Muscle Coordination Problems and Cerebral Palsy
Case study 11.2: Early Intervention Services for a Boy at Risk for Nutrition Support
Pulmonary Problems
11.6 Food Allergies and Intolerance
11.7 Dietary Supplements and Herbal Remedies
11.8 Sources of Nutrition Services
Chapter 12: Child and Preadolescent Nutrition
Introduction
Definitions of the Life-cycle stage
importance of nutrition
12.1 Tracking Child and Preadolescent Health
Healthy People 2020
12.2 Normal Growthand Development
the 2000 cDc growth charts
WHO growth references
12.3 Physiological and Cognitive Development of School-Age Children
Physiological Development
cognitive Development
Development of Feeding skills and eating behaviors
12.4 Energy and Nutrient Needs of School-Age Children
energy needs
Protein
vitamins and Minerals
12.5 Common Nutrition Problems
iron Deficiency
Dental caries
12.6 Prevention of Nutrition-Related Disorders in School-Age Children
Overweight and Obesity in school-age children
addressing the Problem of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity
nutrition and Prevention of cardiovascular Disease in school-age children
Case study 12.1: Pediatric Overweight
Dietary supplements
12.7 Dietary Recommendations
Recommended Versus Actual Food Intake
Cross-Cultural Considerations
Vegetarian Diets
12.8 Physical Activity Recommendations
Recommendations versus actual activity
Determinants of Physical Activity
Organized Sports
12.9 Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction
Nutrition Education
Nutrition Integrity in Schools
12.10 Public Food and Nutrition Programs
The National School Lunch Program
school breakfast Program
impact of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids act
summer Food service Program
Team Nutrition
Nutrition Assessment
Model Programs
Chapter 13: Child and Preadolescent Nutrition Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
13.1 “Children Are Children First”—What Does That Mean?
Counting children with Special Health care Needs
13.2 Nutritional Requirements of Children with Special Health Care Needs
Energy Needs
Protein Needs
Other Nutrients
13.3 Growth Assessment
Growth interpretation in Childrenwith Chronic conditions
Body Composition and Growth
Case study 13.1: Adjusting Energy Intake for a Child with Spina Bifida
Specialized Growth Charts
13.4 Nutrition Recommendations
Methods of Meeting Nutritional Requirements
Fluids
13.5 Eating and Feeding Problems in Children with Special Health Care Needs
Feeding challenges for Children with Health care Needs
Specific Disorders
Food Allergies
13.6 Dietary Supplements and Herbal Remedies
13.7 Sources of NutritionServices
Case study 13.2: Dealing with Food Allergies in School Settings
Nutrition intervention Model Program
Chapter 14: Adolescent Nutrition
Introduction
Nutritional Needs in a Time of Change
14.1 Normal Physical Growth and Development
Changes in Weight, Body Composition, and Skeletal Mass
14.2 Psychosocial and Cognitive Development
14.3 Health and Nutrition-Related Behaviors During Adolescence
Snacking
Meal Skipping
Eating Away from Home and Family Meals
Vegetarian Diets
CASE STUDY 14.1: Moral and Ethical Dietary Considerations Leading to Changes in Dietary Habits in Late Adolescence
Physical Activity
14.4 Dietary Requirements, Intake, and Adequacy Among Adolescents
Energy and Nutrient Requirements of Adolescents
Energy
Protein
Carbohydrates
Dietary Fiber
Fat
Calcium
Iron
Vitamin D
Folate
Dietary Intake and Nutritional Adequacy
14.5 Nutrition Screening, Assessment, and Intervention
Dietary assessment and Screening
Nutrition Education and Counseling
14.6 Promoting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors
the Home environment and Parental Involvement
School-based education, School Meals, and Wellness Activities
Community Engagement to create Nutritionally Supportive Environments
Chapter 15: Adolescent Nutrition Conditions and interventions
Introduction
15.1 Overweight and Obesity
Health implications of adolescent Overweight and Obesity
Assessment and treatment of adolescent Overweight and Obesity
15.2 Supplement Use Among Adolescents
Vitamin/Mineral Supplements
Ergogenic supplements Used by Teens
15.3 Nutrition for Adolescent Athletes
15.4 Special Dietary Concerns Among Adolescents
substance Use
Iron-Deficiency anemia
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Diabetes and Metabolic syndrome
Children and Adolescents with Chronic Health Conditions
15.5 Dieting, Disordered Eating, and Eating Disorders
Disordered eating behaviors and eating Disorders
CASE STUDY 15.1: Following Ana’s Medical History
Chapter 16: Adult Nutrition
Introduction
Importance of Nutrition
16.1 Tracking Adult Nutritional Health and Its Determinants
Health Objectives for the nation
Health Disparities among groups of adults
16.2 Physiological Changes During the Adult Years
Hormonal and climacteric changes
Body Composition changes in Adults
Continuum of Nutritional Health
States of Nutritional Health
16.3 Energy Recommendations
Age-Related Changes in Energy Expenditure
Estimating Energy Needs in Adults
Energy Adjustments for Weight Change
Tracking Energy Expenditure
Energy Balance
16.4 Nutrient Recommendations
Macro and Micro nutrient Recommendations
Risk Nutrients
16.5 Dietary Recommendations for Adults
Total Diet Approach
Water Intake Recommendations
Beverage intake Recommendations
Caffeine and Coffee Intake
Alcoholic Beverages
Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods
Phenolic compounds: everyday Functional Foods
The eating Competence Model
16.6 Physical Activity Recommendations
Guidelines for Physical Activity
Promotion of Physical Activity
Physical activity, body composition, and Metabolic change
Diet and Physical Activity
CASE STUDY 16.1: Run, Kristen, Run
16.7 Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction
A Model Health-Promotion Program
Public Food and Nutrition Programs
Putting it All Together
Chapter 17: Adult Nutrition Conditions and Interventions
Introduction
17.1 Overweight and Obesity
Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight
Etiology of Obesity
Effects of Obesity
Screening and Assessment
Nutrition Assessment
Intervention in Obesity and Overweight
Comprehensive Weight Management Program
Weight Loss goals
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Weight Management
Physical Activity for Weight Management
The challenge of Weight Maintenance
Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss
CASE STUDY 17.1: Maintaining a Healthy Weight
Bariatric Surgery
17.2 Cardiovascular Disease
Prevalence of CVD
Etiology of Atherosclerosis
Physiological Effects of Atherosclerosis
Risk Factors for CVD
Screening and Assessment of CVD
Nutrition Assessment
Nutrition Interventions for CVD
Pharmacotherapy of CVD
17.3 Metabolic Syndrome
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome
Etiology of Metabolic Syndrome
Effects of Metabolic Syndrome
Screening and Assessment
Nutrition interventions for Metabolic Syndrome
CASE STUDY 17.2: Managing Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: Dan Goes Dancing
17.4 Diabetes Mellitus
Prediabetes
Prevalence of Diabetes
Etiology of Diabetes
Physiological Effects of Diabetes
Screening and Assessment
Nutrition Assessment
Interventions for Diabetes
Carbohydrate Management
Self-Monitored Blood Glucose
Physical Activity in Diabetes Management
Pharmacotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Herbal remedies and Other Dietary Supplements
17.5 Cancer
Prevalence of Cancer
Etiology of Cancer
Physiological and Psychological Effects of Cancer
Screening and Assessment
Nutrition Assessment Following Diagnosisand During Treatment
Nutrition Interventions for Cancer
Alternative Medicine and Cancer Treatment
17.6 HIV Disease
Prevalence of HIV
Etiology of HIV
Physiological Effects of HIV
Nutrition Assessment in HIV
Nutrition interventions in HIV
Chapter 18: Nutrition and Older Adults
18.1 Introduction
What counts as Old Depends on Who is Counting
Food Matters: nutrition contributes to a Long and Healthy Life
18.2 A Picture of the Aging Population: Vital Statistics
Global Population trends: Life expectancy and Life span
Health Objectives for Older adults
18.3 Theories of Aging
Programmed Aging
Wear-and-Tear Theories of Aging
Calorie Restriction to Increase Longevity
18.4 Physiological Changes
Body-Composition Changes
Changing Sensual Awareness: Taste and Smell, chewing and swallowing, Appetite and Thirst
18.5 Nutritional Risk Factors
18.6 Dietary Recommendations for Older Adults
18.7 Nutrient Recommendations
Estimating Energy Needs
Nutrient Recommendations for Older Adults: Energy Sources
Age-Associated Changes: Nutrients of Concern
Nutrient Supplements: When, Why, Who, What, and How Much?
Dietary supplements, Functional Foods, and complementary Medicine
Nutrient Recommendations: Using the Food Label
Cross-cultural considerations in Making Dietary Recommendations
18.8 Food Safety Recommendations
18.9 Physical Activity Recommendations
Physical activity guidelines
18.9 Nutrition Policy andIntervention for Risk Reduction
Nutrition Education
CASE STUDY 18.1: JT—Spiraling Out of Control?
18.10 Community Food and Nutrition Programs
Store-to-Door: a nongovernmental Service that Supports Aging in Place
OAANP: Promoting Socialization and Improved Nutrition
The Promise of Prevention: Health Promotion
Chapter 19: Nutrition and Older Adults Conditions and interventions
Introduction: The Importance of Nutrition
19.1 Nutrition and Health
19.2 Heart Disease
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Nutritional remediesfor cardiovascular Diseases
19.3 Stroke
Prevalence
Etiology
Effects of Stroke
Risk Factors
Nutritional Remedies
19.4 Hypertension
Prevalence
Etiology
Effects of Hypertension
Risk Factors
Nutritional Remedies
19.5 Diabetes: Special Concerns for Older Adults
Effects of Diabetes
Nutritional interventions
19.6 Obesity
Definition
Prevalence
Etiology, Effects, and Risk Factors of Obesity
Nutritional remedies
19.7 Osteoporosis
Definition
Prevalence
Etiology
Effects of Osteoporosis
Nutritional remedies
Other issues affecting nutritional Remedies
19.8 Oral Health
19.9 Gastrointestinal Diseases
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Stomach Conditions Affect Nutrient Availability: Vitamin B12 Malabsorption
Constipation
19.10 Inflammatory Diseases: Osteoarthritis
Etiology
Effects of Osteoarthritis
Risk Factors
CASE STUDY 19.1: Bridget Doyle Remembers Laura
19.11 Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Definition
Prevalence
Etiology of cognitive impairment
Effects of cognitive impairment
Nutrition interventions for cognitive impairment
19.12 Polypharmacy: Prescription and Over the-Counter Medications
Medication effects on Physical, Mental, and Financial status
Medication effects on Food consumption
19.13 Low Body Weight/ Unintentional Weight Loss
Definition
Etiology and effects
CASE STUDY 19.2: Ms. Wetter: A Senior Suffering Through a Bad Stretch
Nutrition Interventions
19.14 Dehydration
Definition
Etiology
Effects of Dehydration
Nutritional interventions
Rehydrate slowly
Dehydration at end of Life
19.15 Bereavement
Answers to Review Questions
Appendix A: Measurement Abbreviations and Equivalents
Appendix B: Body Mass Index (BMI)
References
Glossary
Index