دانلود کتاب Obesity - Clinical, Surgical and Practical Guide, 2e (Aug 24, 2024)_(3031624904)_(Springer)

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Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editor
Introduction to Obesity
1 Introduction and Impact of Obesity
Abstract
What is Obesity? and Its Impacts
Epidemiology
Impact on Health, Morbidity, and Quality of Life
Impact on Individual
Cost Impact of Obesity
Conclusion
References
Diseases Associated with Obesity
2 The Obese Brain
Abstract
Introduction
Brain Structure and Body Weight Regulation
The Hypothalamus: The Maestro of Food Intake Regulation
Contribution of Other Brain Regions to Food Intake Regulation
Neurotransmitters and Hormones Involved in Food Intake Regulation
Gut Hormones: Hunger and Satiety Signals
Long-Term Energy Balance: Leptin and Insulin
Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Neurotransmitters
Obesity Disrupts the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure
Disruption of Hormonal and Neurotransmitter Signaling in Obesity
Ghrelin Dysregulation
Leptin Resistance
Insulin Resistance
Alterations in Gut Hormones and Neurotransmitters
Brain Imaging and Brain Function in Obesity
Brain Imaging in Obesity Research
Findings from Brain Imaging Studies in Obesity
Brain Insulin Resistance and Its Impact in Brain Function
Altered Brain Activity and Connectivity
Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment
Additional Altered brain Functions in Obesity: Sleep and Mental Health
Sleep Disturbances and Obesity: A Bidirectional Relationship
Obesity and Mental Health: A Complex Interplay
Therapeutic Approaches for Obesity
Lifestyle Changes
Bariatric Surgery
Anti-obesity Medications
Phentermine-Topiramate
Buproprion-Naltrexone
Orlistat
The Era of the Peptides: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Liraglutide
Semaglutide 2.4mg
Emerging Medications for Obesity
The Future of Treating Obesity: Personalized Medicine and Gene Therapy
Conclusion
References
3 Obesity and Inflammation Lead to Insulin Resistance and Cancer—A Systematic Review
Abstract
Introduction
Adipose Tissue and Adipokines
A Major Factor in Obesity and Inflammatory Disorders
Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity and Cancer Risk
Obesity, Breast Cancer (BC) Risk, and Insulin Resistance
Linkage of Obesity–susceptibility Genes with Breast Cancer (BC) Risk
Obesity and Colorectal Cancer Risk (CRC)
Obesity and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk
Obesity and Prostate Cancer (PC) Risk
Obesity and Other Cancer Risk
Genetic Association of Obesity with Colorectal, Liver, Prostate, and Other Cancer Risk
Conclusion
References
4 Obesity-Induced Leptin-Signaling Pathways to Gynecologic Cancers
Abstract
Introduction
Leptin in Ovarian Cancer
I. Role of Estrogen on Leptin Function in Ovarian Cancer
In Vitro Studies of Leptin in Ovarian Cancer
Leptin-Signaling Pathways in Ovarian Cancer
Leptin in Endometrial Cancer
Leptin-Signaling Pathway in Endometrial cancer.
Obesity-Induced Angiogenic Pathway in Endometrial Cancer
Obesity-Induced Inflammatory Pathways in Endometrial Cancer
Conclusion
Disclosure
References
5 Obesity and Hypertension
Abstract
Obesity: The Size of the Problem
Obesity and Hypertension: Relationship and Mechanisms
Sympathetic Nervous System and Reflex Mechanisms
Renal and Adrenal
Endothelium and Oxidative Stress
Metabolic Factors
Inflammatory and Immune Systems
Target Organ Damage
Vascular Alterations
Cardiac Remodeling
Kidney Disease
Obesity and Obesity-Related Hypertension: Management and Therapy
Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
6 Association Between Obesity in Women, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Adverse Obstetric Outcome
Abstract
Introduction
Obese PCOS and the Impacts on the Menstrual Cycle
Obesity, PCOS, and Infertility
First Months of Pregnancy
Second and Third-Trimester Complications
Pregnancy Outcomes
Complications in the Offspring
Conclusion
References
7 The Impact of Hyperandrogenism in Female Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
Introduction
PCOS, Metabolic Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Disease
Androgenic Status, Cardiometabolic Disease, and Phenotypic Subgroup of PCOS
Association Between Female Obesity and Hyperandrogenism
Effects of Hyperandrogenism on Female Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk
Management of Hyperandrogenism Associated with Female Obesity
Effects of Weight Loss and Lifestyle Changes on Androgen Levels in Women
Effects of Treatment of Hyperandrogenism on Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Women
Conclusions
References
8 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases or Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease—Which Is More Comprehensive When Associated with Obesity?
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology of NAFLD and MAFLD
Associated Comorbidities
Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Mortality
Conclusion
References
Treatment of Obesity: Clinical, Surgical and Physical Activities
9 Airway Management in Obese Patients
Abstract
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Obese Patient
Preanesthetic Evaluation
Airway Approach
Pharmacology
Emergence from Anesthesia
Conclusion
References
10 Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome
Concept, Diagnosis, and Epidemiology
Pathophysiology, Diet, and Biomarkers
Vitamin D
Chemical Form, Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency
Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome
Evidence from Clinical Studies
Nutritional Genomics, Vitamin D, and Metabolic Syndrome
Conclusion
References
11 Bariatric Surgery in Class 1 Obesity
Abstract
Introduction: A Historical Perspective
Comorbidities in Class 1 Obese
Probable Longevity Benefit in Class 1 Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Current Indication for Surgery in Class 1 Obesity
Surgery in Class 1 Obese
Complications After Surgery in Class 1 Obese
Resolution of Comorbidities After Surgery in Class 1 Obese
Conclusion
References
12 Neurosurgical Considerations for the Obese Patient
Abstract
Introduction
Preoperative Considerations
Anaesthetic Management
Airway Management
Intraoperative Considerations
Postoperative Management
Conclusion
References
13 The Physical Activities in Obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of Exercise on Body Composition
Daily Physical Activity and Obesity
Effects of Physical Activity on Obesity
NEAT
Energy Balance and NEAT
Future Perspective
Conclusion
References
Controls of Obesity
14 The Effects of Omega 3 Supplementation on Obesity and Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
Introduction
Search Strategy
Eligibility Criteria
Data Extraction
Quality Assessment
Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis
Results
Study Characteristics
Meta-Analysis Results
Subgroups Analysis
Meta-Regression
Sensitivity Analysis
Publication Bias
Discussion
Conclusion
References
15 Anti-obesity Effects of Anti-inflammatory Polyphenols
Abstract
Introduction
Obesity Associated Inflammation
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Polyphenols on Obesity
Flavanols
Flavonols
Anthocyanidins
Stilbens
Flavones
Flavanones
Hydroxybenzoic Acids
Hydroxycinnamic Acids
Isoflavones
Conclusion
References
16 The Truth About the Influence of Endocrine Disruptors on Obesity: What Can Be Done?
Abstract
Introduction
Obesogens: Investigations to the Status Quo and Clinical Recommendations. What to Expect from the Future and What Can We Do?
Chemical Hazards
Sugars and Sweeteners
Dyes
Stabilizers
Contaminants
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Bisphenol-A (BPA)
Phthalates
Atrazine
Organotins
PFAS
Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)
SDS
Flame Retardants
But What Is Known About the Mechanism of Action of These Xenobiotics?
Some Limitations in Genetic Studies with Obesogens
The Role of Physical Activity in the Modulation of Obesogens
Conclusion
References
Genetics of Obesity
17 Genetic Variants Connected to the Obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Inherited Factors of Obesity
Genetic Etiology of Obesity
Monogenic Obesity
Syndromic Obesity
Polygenic Obesity
Candidate Genes Studies
Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)
Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO Gene)
Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R)
SH2B Adaptor Protein 1 (SH2B1)
Transmembrane Protein 18 (TMEM18)
Neuronal Growth Regulator 1 (NEGR1)
Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain Containing 15 (KCTD15)
Copy Number Variants (CNV)
Epigenetic Modifications Linked to Obesity
Conclusion
References
COVID-19 and Obesity
18 COVID-19 and the Role of Chronic Inflammation in Patients with Obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Obesity and Chronic Inflammation
COVID-19
Obesity, COVID-19 and the Cytokine Storm
The Role of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery and COVID-19
Conclusion
References
Psychosocial Aspects of Obesity
19 Psychological Intervention in Childhood Obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Psychosocial Approaches to Address Obesity in Childhood
Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions in Childhood Obesity
Behavior Modification Strategies
Third-Generation Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
Addressing Obesity Stigma and Bias
Conclusion
References
20 Emotion Regulation Interventions for Obesity-Related Eating Behaviors in Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Theories of Emotion Regulation
Emotion Regulation as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism
Emotion Regulation in Adolescence
Emotion Regulation and Disordered Eating Behaviors
Interventions Targeting Emotion Regulation to Prevent and Change Obesity-Related Eating Behaviors
Conclusion
References
21 Role of Well-Being in Bariatric Surgery Treatment for Severe Obesity
Abstract
Introduction
The Psychological Impact of Bariatric Surgery
The Role of Problematic Eating Behaviors
Well-Being After Bariatric Surgery
The Importance of Psychological Support
Well-Being in Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle
Psychological Interventions and the Role of Well-Being
Conclusion
References
Index