دانلود کتاب OECD Economic Surveys: China 2019

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Key Policy Insights The economy remains strong, though with signs of growth slowdown Ensuring stability and supporting the real economy has become priority for monetary policy Stability is the key target of financial policy Debt-related risks are being reined in and fiscal relations adjusted Towards stable and inclusive growth Growth needs to be driven more by productivity gains to be sustainable The benefits of growth need to be more equitably distributed Outward direct investment is a major source of technology acquisition Digitalisation is a leapfrogging opportunity Stronger basic and computer skills training will narrow the digital divide Air quality is improving but more work is needed References Chapter 1. Realising regional potentials through better market integration Phasing out local protectionism to create a single product market Local governments are now required to eliminate anti-competitive protectionist measures and implement Fair Competition Review Mechanism Administrative monopolies are widespread Creating a single labour market for stronger growth and inclusiveness Public services to migrants are still limited The pension system is fragmented and hinders labour mobility Regional policies to help laggard regions catch up Redistributing for greater equity Horizontal disparities in revenues are now better taken care of Vertical disparities between revenues and spending mandates are high Centralisation of some spending assignments would improve access to better public services Regional policies to address disparities The three major strategies aim at tighter integration The four mega-regions are targeted with different policies Various special zones compete for privileges Characteristic townships seek to benefit from their uniqueness Closing the gap between urban and rural regions Labour productivity in rural regions is low and further modernisation is needed Improving public services in rural areas will increase welfare and productivity growth References Annex A. Gauging disparities across regions in multiple dimensions Annex B. The three initiatives Annex C. The four mega-regions