دانلود کتاب OECD Economic Surveys: India 2019

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Executive summary Key policy insights Economic growth has been strong, but social and governance challenges remain Income is converging fast towards levels in other emerging market economies Addressing social challenges and improving wellbeing India remains a growth champion despite recent slowdown Some room to adjust the policy stance and mix Monetary policy: some room for further easing India has little fiscal space Growth is projected to recover after a temporary slowdown Improving governance Public finance: creating space to meet social and physical infrastructure needs Containing public debt to support investment and ensure intergenerational equity Spending: household support has become more efficient and fairer while outlays for social and physical infrastructure remain low Raising more and better taxes Reducing the prevalence of corruption Important policy actions have been taken to fight against corruption Addressing key social challenges and providing access to core public services for all The pace and quality of job creation remain too low Addressing poverty in rural areas Enabling access to health care for all Promoting access to a retirement scheme for informal workers Promoting investment and productivity to boost income convergence Improving further financial sector soundness to support business investment Continuing to improve the business climate A swifter resolution of insolvencies would improve allocation of resources Unlocking the digitalisation potential Air pollution is a major challenge for green growth and wellbeing The government is taking action to tackle air pollution, but more is needed References Thematic chapters Chapter 1. Challenges and opportunities of India’s enhanced participation in the global economy India has seized many opportunities Exposure to trade has increased and India has gained market shares Exports of ICT services have been particularly buoyant India has performed well for some goods India’s export basket is well diversified The large diaspora living abroad is an asset India could perform better in some domains Addressing domestic bottlenecks: infrastructure and business environment Infrastructure bottlenecks have lessened but some persist Labour regulations are weighing on competitiveness, more so for industries Streamlining administrative and regulatory processes further would help: the case of special economic zones Improving further trade facilitation Reconsidering tariffs barriers Reliance on non-tariff measures is moderate, except for local content and anti-dumping measures Gains from services trade liberalisation Developing trade agreements or cutting tariffs? More foreign investment could promote income growth and support export performance Mitigating the adverse effects of enhanced participation in the global economy References Chapter 2. Housing for all A persistent shortage with many vacant units points to large imbalances in the housing market Housing shortages continue to be a challenge Housing conditions have improved for some vulnerable groups High housing prices make affordability a major problem Many dwellings remain vacant The rental market is small Boosting rental housing calls for modernising rent controls The pressures for housing will be exacerbated by continued urban migration Making the housing market more efficient Recent measures have helped to contain prices and ease access to housing Dealing with structural rigidities in the housing market can enhance affordability Improving affordability of housing with government support Housing has been a top policy priority for a long time in India but with mixed results Most support in India has been for house ownership The integration of housing into a global urban development policy Support to the rental market is needed Developing the social rental market for the poor Further improving access to housing finance can reduce some of the shortage and raise affordability References Blank Page