دانلود کتاب OECD Economic Surveys: Latvia 2019

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Basic Statistics of Latvia, 2018
Executive summary
Key policy insights
Growth is strong, but inequality remains high, and ageing is a challenge
Macroeconomic policies are sound
The short-term economic outlook is strong
Credit growth is low and the financial market is stable
Tax and spending reform for a stronger and more inclusive economy
The budgetary framework is sound
Making taxing and spending more inclusive
Improving fiscal equalisation and the quality of local public services
Addressing skill shortages
Providing high-quality education to all
Providing adequate skills
Making Latvia more attractive for foreign and domestic workers alike
Fighting informality to improve productivity and access to social services
Improving access to social services
Improving pension adequacy
Improving healthcare services
Improving environmental outcomes and regional cohesion
Regional disparities are high and environmental outcomes should improve
Improving access to affordable housing, its quality and energy efficiency
Better integrated urban and transport policies are needed
Building better transport and energy infrastructure
References
Annex. Progress in structural reforms
Thematic chapter
Thematic chapter
1. Policies for stronger productivity growth
Productivity growth is held back by low innovation and inefficient resource allocation
Fighting informality
Engaging social partners to fight informality
Adequate tax reforms can reduce informality
Improving the allocation of capital
Access to finance remains tight for small young firms
Building a transparent and efficient insolvency regime
The insolvency framework needs further improvement
Improving the quality of court decisions
Diversifying credit supply
Strengthening start-up and growth financing
Enhancing competition
Competition can be strengthened in some sectors
Ensuring fair competition between state-owned and private enterprises
Reducing state ownership
Improving the governance of SOEs
Bolstering competition law enforcement
Strengthening the independence of the Competition Council
Endowing the Competition Council with adequate resources
Strengthening the authority of the Competition Council
Strengthening skills
Engaging more firms in vocational education and training
Expanding work-based learning
Increasing financial support to VET students
Making tertiary education more responsive to labour market needs
Improving the skills of the adult population
Enhancing the quality of adult education
Promoting the participation in adult education
Active labour market policies should receive more stable funding
Strengthening innovation and knowledge transfer
Latvia’s innovation performance is weak
The quality of research can be improved
Enhancing knowledge transfer
Stimulating R&D demand for business innovation
Enhancing the efficiency of support measures
Using EU funds more effectively to promote productivity
Ensuring the continuity of the most effective EU-funded policy measures
Improving access to EU funds
Establishing an effective productivity board
References