توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب OECD Regional Outlook 2019 Leveraging Megatrends for Cities and Rural Areas: Leveraging Megatrends for Cities and Rural Areas
نام کتاب : OECD Regional Outlook 2019 Leveraging Megatrends for Cities and Rural Areas: Leveraging Megatrends for Cities and Rural Areas
عنوان ترجمه شده به فارسی : چشم انداز منطقه ای OECD 2019: اهرم های کلان برای شهرها و مناطق روستایی: اهرم های کلان برای شهرها و مناطق روستایی
سری :
نویسندگان : OECD
ناشر : OECD Publishing
سال نشر : 2019
تعداد صفحات : 243
ISBN (شابک) : 9789264312838 , 9264312838
زبان کتاب : English
فرمت کتاب : pdf
حجم کتاب : 9 مگابایت
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توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب :
نابرابری های بزرگ و مداوم در عملکرد اقتصادی منطقه ای در داخل کشورها در سراسر OECD وجود دارد. چشم انداز منطقه ای 2019 علل اساسی نابرابری های اقتصادی در بین مناطق را مورد بحث قرار می دهد و نیاز به سیاست های مکان محور برای رسیدگی به آنها را برجسته می کند. این گزارش باعث می شود ...
فهرست مطالب :
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Readers Guide
Typologies of regions with respect to population or other functions
Acronyms and abbreviations
Executive summary
Place-based policies can address weak economic growth and public discontent
Automation and other disruptive technologies will reshape economies and societies in all regions
Regional demography will change due to ageing, urbanisation and migration
Subnational governments are important actors in fighting climate change
Global megatrends entail new investment needs
Multi-level governance systems have to be adapted to meet future demands
Part I. Regional policies to address global megatrends
Part I. Regional policies to address global megatrends
Chapter 1. Rethinking regional development policies
The OECD regional policy paradigm at 20 years
An evolving consensus – 20 years of policy discussion within the OECD Regional Development Policy Committee
Regional development as a horizontal “policy of policies”
Putting people at the centre of inclusive and sustainable growth
The productivity slowdown and the impact of traditional structural reforms on regional productivity
Most structural reforms do not consider regional disparities in productivity
Not all regions are equally affected by structural reforms
Productivity differences across regions are large and persistent
Productivity growth in OECD countries tends to follow two growth models
Is there a trade-off between high productivity and equally distributed productivity?
Economic theory can only partly explain large and persistent productivity and employment differences across regions
Cross-regional disparities imply a need for place-based policies
Reaping the benefits from globalisation requires place-based development strategies
The rise of exports from China
Consumers reap the biggest gains from globalisation
Trade-related tensions
Addressing the geography of discontent calls for a place-based approach
Policies to address the geography of discontent
Notes
References
Chapter 2. Adapting regional development policy to future megatrends
Different dimensions of global megatrends
The regional dimension needs to be at the forefront of policy making when addressing megatrends
What changes are likely to come?
Technological change
Demographic change
Environmental change
Automation will have important consequences for regional economies
Artificial intelligence could be a key technology in the future
Rapid, widespread adoption of artificial intelligence would pose severe challenges for many regions
Global megatrends will be felt differently in urban and rural areas
How coming megatrends will affect urban areas
How new technologies will affect rural areas
Using opportunities will be crucial for the success of rural areas
Megatrends will be shaped by policy
Innovative governance to address megatrends
New technologies will require reforms to subnational finance
How to future-proof regional policy making?
Strategic foresight to better prepare for an uncertain future
How countries use forecast and foresight
Notes
References
Chapter 3. Regional policy is facing disruptive technologies
Job automation will have asymmetric impacts on regions
The use of manufacturing robots is increasing rapidly
Job automation will have asymmetric impacts on regions
How high is the risk of automation at the regional level?
The evolution of regional employment and risk of automation over time
Factors that explain the risk of automation at the regional level
Automation creates a policy dilemma for economically struggling regions
Digital innovation in cities
Smart city objectives: The opportunities of digital innovation in cities
Risks, challenges and trade-offs of digital innovation in cities
Autonomous vehicles will transform mobility in cities and beyond
Autonomous vehicles will change where people live and how they use cars
Car sharing will become widespread
Self-driving cars will threaten established public transport models
Self-driving cars need to be regulated and taxed to avoid congestion
Self-driving cars could free up much of the existing parking space in cities
Self-driving cars will increase the attractiveness of rural areas
Good regulation is essential for the successful introduction of self-driving cars
New technologies for regional development in rural regions
Better communications techniques
Smart service provision in rural areas: Future of health and education
3D printing: Decreasing reliance on supply chains
3D printing creates new opportunities for economic development in peripheral regions
Unmanned aerial vehicles: Improving productivity
New approaches to agricultural practices
Long-term perspectives on the future of food
Note
References
Chapter 4. Preparing regions for demographic and environmental transformations
Population decline and ageing across regions
The impacts of population decline on regions and cities
The impacts of ageing on regions and cities
Global urbanisation
Drivers of growth: Megacities and urbanisation in the hinterlands
Urban density depends more on the region than on city size
Migration: A global phenomenon that requires local action
Migration: A global phenomenon with local implications
Important differences in migrants’ well-being and labour market outcomes across regions
Policies to integrate migrants at the regional and local level
A local integration strategy and horizontal co-ordination: Key tools for ensuring coherent settling in
The future of demographic changes
Looking ahead – high resolution population projections for 2030
Adapting to demographic change
Migration as an opportunity
Travelling for leisure – the growing importance of tourism for regional development
Evolving visitor demand
Enabling technologies
Travel mobility
Sustainable tourism growth
Global and local impacts of climate change
The local and regional dimensions of climate change
Scaling up regional and local climate action with a whole-of-government approach
Mainstreaming subnational investment
Aligning climate policies across levels of government
Making the most of the comparative advantage of local governments
Developing an “interface” to localise the Paris Agreement
Integrated city-level action to reduce emissions
Transport
The built environment
Long-term land-use planning
Building resilient infrastructure
Inclusive climate policies
Managing resources efficiently for the future
Sustainable resource extraction
An increasing demand for new natural resources for new technologies: Lithium, cobalt and nickel
The automation of mining
The transition towards a circular economy in cities and regions
The role of local governments in the transition to a circular economy
Lessons learnt and ways forward
Notes
References
Chapter 5. Innovative multi-level governance to address future challenges
Improving the efficiency and resilience of subnational fiscal systems
Established sources of subnational tax revenues will be put under increasing pressure
Better budgeting by all levels of government
Rethinking the governance of regional development policies
Applying behavioural insights to regional policies
Digitalisation of government services in cities and regions
Experimental governance in cities and regions: An avenue to address megatrends
Trial-and-testing: Using experimental governance for regional policies
Towards more differentiated multi-level governance
Inter-municipal co-operation, metropolitan governance and regionalisation trends
Metropolitan governance bodies
Regionalisation
Asymmetric decentralisation to tailor governance to local needs and capacities
Adopting an integrated framework for rural policies
Co-ordinating rural policies
The benefits of national urban policies for managing urban transformations
Implementing national urban policies
Engaging stakeholders in the national urban policy processes
Public investment in the face of global megatrends
A significant investment gap remains
More and smarter investment is needed
Key responsibilities in the policy areas that are most affected by megatrends
Tapping into external finance: From borrowing to innovative financing
Developing borrowing, bond financing and pooled financing
Subnational public-private partnerships
Effective public investment requires investing in governance
Addressing the capacity issue to invest more efficiently
Focusing on performance
A focus on EU Cohesion Policy
Strengthening the results-oriented governance framework of EU Cohesion Policy
Making rules simpler and ensuring flexibility
Notes
References
Part II. Policy forum
Part II. Policy forum
Chapter 6. Addressing global megatrends through EU Cohesion Policy
Chapter 7. Winner-take-all cities
Notes
References
Chapter 8. “It’s too late for pessimism”
Towards a necessary global ecological and social transition
Irrefutable evidence requiring a major shift
National policies struggling to rise to the challenge
Urban areas on the front line of change
Cities are powerful drivers of support for the necessary technological and demographic changes
Intergovernmental co-operation must rely on local actors
Policies to serve citizens
Think “global village”
A paradigm shift for more inclusive cities
Towards a new global social contract?
Chapter 9. The triumph of urbanity and spatial justice
Urbanity as a new urban age
Arbitrage on inhabiting models
A gaping spatial-political divide
Novel issues for spatial justice
Could the “Yellow Vests” reconcile with urbanity?
Notes
References
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توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب به زبان اصلی :
Large and persistent inequalities in regional economic performance within countries exist throughout the OECD. The 2019 Regional Outlook discusses the underlying causes of economic disparities across regions and highlights the need for place-based policies to address them. The report makes the ...