دانلود کتاب OECD Territorial Reviews - Luxembourg.

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Foreword Acknowledgements Table of Contents Assessment and Recommendations Box 0.1. Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg: basic data Figure 0.1. Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg Chapter 1. Regional Disparities and Under-utilised Assets Introduction Figure 1.1. Per capita GDP (in PPS) in 2000 (EU15 = 100) 1.1. Main macroeconomic trends 1.1.1. Exceptional growth Figure 1.2. Dependent employment by nationality and residence, 1970-2004 1.1.2. Structural problems 1.2. The Luxembourg economy in the Greater Region 1.2.1. Profile of the Greater Region Figure 1.3. The Greater Region 1.2.2. Disparities in the Greater Region Figure 1.4. Weight of the regions in the total population of the Greater Region in 2003 Figure 1.5. Trend in the total population of the Greater Region from 1970 to 2003 Figure 1.6. Population by age group in 2003 Figure 1.7. Population by age group in 2020 Figure 1.8. Participation rates in the Greater Region, the EU and the OECD Figure 1.9. Participation rates inside the Greater Region Figure 1.10. Overall unemployment rate in the Greater Region Figure 1.11. Unemployment rate inside the Greater Region Figure 1.12. Infraregional unemployment rate in the Greater Region in 2003 Figure 1.13. Youth unemployment rates in 2003 Figure 1.14. Trend in the number of jobless aged under 25 (annual average) Figure 1.15. Workers (in the workplace) by economic sector in 1996 and 2002 Table 1.1. Sectoral specialisation in the Greater Region, 2003 Figure 1.16. GDP per employee in the Greater Region Table 1.2. Sectoral productivity in the Greater Region, 2003 Figure 1.17. Levels of education in the Greater Region, 2001 1.2.3. Cross-border workers Figure 1.18. Cross-border workers in 2003 Figure 1.19. Cross-border employment in the Greater Region, as a percentage of domestic employment, 2002 Figure 1.20. Wages and salaries in the Greater Region, 2002 Figure 1.21. Cross-border employees by country of origin 1.3. Regional disparities in Luxembourg 1.3.1. The Planning Regions Figure 1.22. Planning Regions 1.3.2. Demographic trends in Luxembourg Table 1.3. Surface area, population and density of the Planning Regions in 2006 Figure 1.23. Regional population distribution Figure 1.24. Regional population trends Figure 1.25. Relative population trends Figure 1.26. Regional population density Figure 1.27. Population ageing 1.3.3. Employment and unemployment in the regions Figure 1.28. Productive specialisation 2005 Figure 1.29. Unemployment rates Table 1.4. Employment and unemployment by canton in Luxembourg in 2003 Figure 1.30. Territorial distribution of jobs in Luxembourg, 2002 Figure 1.31. Employment density by region in Luxembourg, 2002 1.4. Under-exploited assets and major issues 1.4.1. Geographical situation 1.4.2. Attractiveness in terms of employment 1.4.3. The employment and mobility challenge 1.4.4. The rural development challenge 1.4.5. The governance challenge Notes Chapter 2. Policies and Strategies 2.1. The Master Programme for Territorial Planning 2.1.1. Principles and method 2.1.2. Typology of spaces and development poles Figure 2.1. Spatial typology Figure 2.2. The “Centres of Development and Attraction” (CDA) System 2.1.3. “Action spaces” 2.2. The quest for urban-rural balance 2.2.1. Urban spaces 2.2.2. Rural spaces Box 2.1. LEADER: Local Action Groups (LAGs) in Luxembourg 2.3. Housing and land policy 2.3.1. Land policy and the IVL strategy 2.3.2. Current status of housing markets Table 2.1. Real property prices, construction costs and land prices in Europe, 1981-2001 Figure 2.3. Quarterly real estate price indicator, 2004-2006 Table 2.2. Proportion of owner-occupied dwellings in Europe, 2000 Figure 2.4. Monthly housing rents by planning region (2003-2004 averages) 2.3.3. Real estate markets and the supply of land Figure 2.5. Ranking of communes by residential surface area consumed between 1997 and 2004 2.3.4. Urban planning tools 2.3.5. Urban development funding Box 2.2. Examples of incentives for the sale of land and the building of infrastructure 2.3.6. Recommendations 2.4. Transport 2.4.1. Growing flows Figure 2.6. Accessibility of Luxembourg in the Greater Region Figure 2.7. Domestic commuters 2.4.2. The transportation situation Table 2.3. Motorisation rate in Europe, 2002 (passenger cars per 1 000 inhabitants) Table 2.4. Passenger car transport: average annual distance travelled, 2002 (passenger-kilometres per inhabitant) Figure 2.8. Passenger transport (automobile and public transport) Table 2.5. Modal split of passenger transport in Europe, 2002 (%, passenger-kilometres) Figure 2.9. Cross-border commuters (by car, to work) Figure 2.10. Cross-border commuters (public transport to work) Table 2.6. Distribution of energy consumption among sectors, 2002 (%) 2.4.3. Planning options and the role of transportation Box 2.3. The example of Ile-de-France Figure 2.11. Modal shares by type of space in Ile-de-France Figure 2.12. Modal shares by range of displacement in Ile-de-France Figure 2.13. The Centres of Development and Attraction (CDA): public transport services 2.4.4. Genesis and progress of planning guidelines Figure 2.14. Individual travel to the year 2020, IVL scenario 1 (cross-border commuters) and IVL scenario 2 (residents) Figure 2.15. Modal split of personal travel to the year 2020 Figure 2.16. Extension of the Luxembourg City rail network 2.4.5. Guidelines Table 2.7. Multiyear programme 2004-2008. Revenues and expenses of the road and rail funds 2.5. The knowledge economy 2.5.1. Education and research Box 2.4. The public system of non-university research and innovation 2.5.2. Innovation Table 2.8. Objective 2 programme for the Grand-Duchy: distribution of funding by priority axis Box 2.5. Technology clusters targeted by the Luxembourg clusters programme Notes Chapter 3. Multilevel Governance and Co-ordination 3.1. Regional policy challenges 3.2. The institutional framework 3.2.1. Central government and territorial planning Table 3.1. Ministry budgets Table 3.2. Budget of the Ministry of the Interior and Territorial Planning 3.2.2. Territorial structure now inappropriate Figure 3.1. Territorial divisions of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg Figure 3.2. Number of communes by population Figure 3.3. Percentage of communes by population 3.2.3. Local finances Figure 3.4. Total commune expenditure by function from 1995 to 2005 Figure 3.5. Total commune expenditure by function from 1995 to 2005 Figure 3.6. Trends in ICC revenues, 1980-2006 Figure 3.7. GDP and ICC growth rates Figure 3.8. Inter-commune equalisation model Figure 3.9. Redistribution of the ICC Figure 3.10. Per capita ICC Figure 3.11. ICC rate Figure 3.12. Per capita ICC as a function of population Figure 3.13. Trends in IF revenue Figure 3.14. Per capita IF Figure 3.15. Correlation between IF as a share of local tax and population size Figure 3.16. Correlation between the ICC and the IF Figure 3.17. Trends in FCDF revenue Figure 3.18. FCDF per capita Figure 3.19. FCDF per capita as a function of population size Figure 3.20. Trends in local government debt 3.3. Horizontal and vertical co-ordination 3.3.1. The Territorial Planning Directorate (DATer) 3.3.2. The organisation of territorial planning Figure 3.21. The principles of horizontal and vertical co-ordination 3.3.3. Co-operation in the Greater Region 3.4. The integrated concept of territorial and administrative reform 3.4.1. Presentation of the concept Table 3.3. Commune typology under the Integrated Concept of Territorial and Administrative Reform in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg Table 3.4. Scope of activities of commune associations Box 3.1. Inter-commune co-operation structures with own fiscal powers in France 3.4.2. Critical analysis of the approach 3.4.3. Structural co-operation between communes 3.5. Involving citizens 3.5.1. Elections 3.5.2. Associations and tripartite co-ordination 3.5.3. The way forward 3.6. Long-term outlook Notes Bibliography page8.pdf Foreword Acknowledgements Table of Contents Assessment and Recommendations Box 0.1. Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg: basic data Figure 0.1. Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg