دانلود کتاب On the Reliability of the Old Testament

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or7 THE
ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
First Things First
What\'s in Question?
xIn Medias Res” — the Era of the Hebrew Kingdoms
1. ATTESTATION OF FOREIGN KINGS MENTIONED IN THE BIBLICAL RECORD
A. UNTIL THE ASSYRIANS CAME .. .
EGYPT AND THE LEVANT
(i) Shishak of Egypt
(ii) Two Shy Characters — Zerah the Kushite and Benhadad I/1I of Aram-Damascus
2. ATTESTATION OF HEBREW KINGS IN FOREIGN RECORDS
(i) Omri
3. KINGS OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH IN LOCAL RECORDS (LR)
A. KINGS OF ISRAEL
B. KINGS OF JUDAH
(i) Azariah/Uzziah, Jotham, Altaz
(ii) Hezekiah (Fig. 2)
4. THE SEQUENCES OF RULERS AND OVERALL CHRONOLOGY, CIRCA 930-580
(i) Mesopotamia: Reality and Sequence
(ii) Egypt and the Levant
(iii) Local Records
B. THE DETAILED CHRONOLOGY OF THE DIVIDED MONARCHY PERIOD — CONCISELY!
(i) Calendars
5. HISTORY OF THE DIVIDED MONARCHY IN BIBLICAL AND EXTERNAL SOURCES
A. SHISHAK/SHOSHENQ 1 OF EGYPT INVADES PALESTINE
B. MESHA KING OF MOAB VERSUS OMRFS DYNASTY
C. HAZAEL OF ARAM-DAMASCUS AND THE TEL DAN STELA
D. TIGLATH-P1LESER III AND THE HEBREW KINGDOMS
(ii) Ashdod
E SENNACHERIB VERSUS HEZEK1AH AND FRIENDS — TILL DEATH DID THEM PART
(ii) The Death of Sennacherib
G. JOSIAH’S FATAL MISSION AND THE FALL OF ASSYRIA
H. THE NEO-BABYLONIANS TAKE OVER
6. THE NATURE OF THE SOURCES: BIBLICAL AND NONBIBLICAL
(ii) The Resultant Overall Archaeological Profile and Us OT Counterpart
7. THE BALANCE SHEET SO FAR
Home and Away — Exile and Return
l. THE PERIOD OF THE EXILE
A. EN ROUTE TO BABYLON
(i) The Biblical Accounts
(ii) External Background
B. A REMNANT IN JUDEA
C. IN EGYPT
2. THE EPOCH OF THE RETURN
A. BIBLICAL DATA
(i) Sources, Biblical
(ii) Places
(iii) Usages
B. THE NEAR EASTERN SETTING
(ii) The Historical Framework
3. BACK TO THE BALANCE SHEET
The Empire Strikes Back — Saul, David, and Solomon
i. THE BIBLICAL DATA IN OUTLINE
A. BASIC CHRONOLOGY
B. SAUL IN SUMMARY
C. DAVID IN SUMMARY
D. SOLOMON IN SUMMARY
(i) Foreign Relations
(iii) Royal Administration
(iv) Culture
2. THE NEAR EASTERN BACKGROUND DATA
A. INTRODUCTORY
(i) Mesopotamia
(iv) Israel/Judah Itself
(v) But Not Quite Total!
B. IMPLICIT BACKGROUND: INTRODUCTORY AND SAUL
C. IMPLICIT BACKGROUND: DAVID
(i) Among the Mini-Empires
D. IMPLICIT BACKGROUND: SOLOMON
(i) Foreign Relations: Egypt
(ii) Relations with Phoenicia
(iv) The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba
(v) At Two Extremes: Tamar and Tadmor
(vi) Buildings
(vii) Solomon\'s Works Elsewhere
(viii) Administration
(ix) Cultural Aspects
(x) Closing Note
3. SYRO-PALESTINIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE UNITED MONARCHY
A. INTRODUCTORY
(i) The General Picture, “As Was”
B. PROS, CONS, AND ANSWERS?
(i) A New View
(ii) Is the New True?
4. ANOTHER LOOK AT THE BALANCE SHEET
Humble Beginnings — around and in Canaan
x. THE BOOK OF JOSHUA AS IT IS
2. THE BOOK OF JOSHUA AND NEAR EASTERN BACKGROUND
A. INTRODUCTION
B, SPECIFIC THEMES AND TOPICS
(i) Rootless Tribal and Related Groups in Late Bronze Canaan
(ii) Leaders in the Levant
(iii) Campaign Preliminaries: Crossings,
(iv) Campaign Narratives and Incidents
(v) The Record of Triumph
(vi) Sharing out the Real Estate Area
3. SOME ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
4. BACK EAST ACROSS THE JORDAN
A. THE BIBLICAL SOURCES
B. BACKGROUND DATA TO THE WANDERINGS PERIOD
(i) Qadesh-Barnea and Back
(ii) Zones and Towns: Arad and Hormali
(iii) Getting Round Edom, Moab, and Strange Places (Cf. Fig. 31)
(iv) Edom and Moab — Places and Political Formats
(vi) Early Israelite Settlement East of the Jordan
5. WHEN THE JUDGES JUDGED
A. THE BIBLICAL DATA THEMSELVES
Table u. Book of Judges, Outline and Layout
(i) Net Results of Segment 1
(ii) Net Results of Segment 3
B. GEOGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY
(i) The Basic Situation
(ii) Judges as an “Intermediate Period” in Hebrew History
(iii) A Practical “Intermediate Period” Chronology for the Judges Period
6. JUDGES: NEAR EASTERN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
A. DOCUMENTARY, HISTORICAL, AND CULTURAL ASPECTS
(i) People and Places
B. OVERALL ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
(iii) Archaeology, Part II: Surveys, Sites, and Viewpoints
7. A BALANCED VIEW?
Lotus Eating and Exodus and
Moving On — Covenant
l. BIBLICAL SOURCES FOR THE EXODUS
A. MAIN CORPUS
(i) Conditions before the Exodus
(ii) Contest, Moses versus Pharaoh, and the Exodus
(iii) The Sinai Covenant, Part 1
(iv) The Sinai Covenant, Part 2
(v) First Renewal of the Sinai Covenant
(vi) Second and Third Renewals of the Sinai Covenant
B. ALLUSIONS
2. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT: SOJOURN AND EXODUS
B. PRACTICAL APPROACHES
(i) Conscription of Foreign Labor in Egypt for Building Work, Etc.
(iii) The Plagues
(iv) “Exodus”: Concept and Practice16
(v) Geography and Logistics (Cl\'. Map, Fig, 27)
(vi) The Way to Mount Sinai and Some Ecology
3. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT: SINAI AND COVENANT A. INTRODUCTION
(ii) Covenant, Law, and Treaty (a) The Data
4. SUMMING UP ON EXODUS,
COVENANT, AND CONSEQUENCES
Founding Fathers Phantoms — the
1. THE GENESIS ACCOUNT OF THE PATRIARCHS
2. EXTERNAL CONTROLS:
ABRAHAM, ISAAC, AND JACOB
A. WIDE SCOPE OF TRAVEL
D. WIDER POLITICAL HORIZONS: GENESIS 14
G. PATRIARCHS AND RFXIGION4
H, EARLY MONOTHEISM? A BRIEF NOTE
i. PATRIARCHAL LIFE IN ITS SETTINGS
(i) Geopolitics in Canaan
(iii) Camels and Philistines (a) Cattish
3. EXTERNAL CONTROLS: JOSEPH
B. AT WHAT PRICE?
D. LIVING ROYALLY IN THE EAST DELTA
E. CAREERS FOR ASIATICS IN EGYPT
F. DREAMS AND DIVINATION
G. RIPE OLD AGE, AND DEATH COMES AS THE END
4- A TOUCH OF CHRONOLOGY
(i) External Correlations
(ii) Internal (Biblical) Data
B. CHRONOLOGICAL RESULTS ON BOTH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL DATA
(i) Can We Date the Patriarchs?
(ii) Retouches
5. EXTERNAL CONTROLS: LITERARY STATUS AND MODES OF TRANSMISSION
A. LITERARY CONTEXTS FOR THE PATRIARCHAL NARRATIVES
(i) The Phenomena of the Narratives Themselves
(ii) The Range of Comparable Narration in the Biblical World
(iii) The Patriarchal Narratives in Their Full Cultural Context
B. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
6. A BALANCE HERE TOO
A Vitamin Supplement — Prophets and Prophecy
i. THE BIBLICAL DATA REVIEWED
A. CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE
(i) Archaic Usage: Patriarchal Period, Early Second Millennium
(ii) Early Usages: Exodus to Judges, Late Second Millennium
(iv) Intermediate Usage, Second Phase (Early National Figures)
B. THE PHYSIOGNOMY OF WORKS OF THE “WRITTEN” PROPHETS
(i) Basic Format
(ii) The Books Themselves
2. PROPHECY ABROAD
A. MARI AND EARLIER: A TOUCH OF TERMINOLOGY
B. SURVEY: HISTORY AND FUNCTIONS OF PROPHECY IN THE BIBLICAL WORLD
(i) Early Second Millennium: Mari and Contemporary Centers15
C. RECORDING AND TRANSMITTING PROPHECIES (i) Doubts about Hallowed Theories
(ii) Get a Record (and Get It Straight!)
3. PROPHETS, ISRAELITE RELIGION, AND POP(ULAR) CULTS
(iii) The Two Ways, Ideal and Actual — or Redundant Prophets?
flv) The Role of the Prophets
B. THE INPUT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND EXTERNAL TEXT SOURCES
(i) Late Bronze Age to Early Iron (ca. 1250-930)
4. A PROPHETIC BALANCE SHEET
Back to Methuselah — and Well Beyond
1. GENESIS 1:1-11:26 OVERALL
2. LITERARY CONTEXTS FOR GENESIS l-ii OVERALL
A, OVERALL LITERARY FRAMEWORK
B. CREATION NARRATIVES
C. THE FLOOD: LITERARY CONTEXT
D. A BABEL OF TONGUES, GENESIS 11:1-8
E. DATING OF THE MAIN PRIMEVAL PROTOHISTORY, GENESIS l-n
3. IN THE BEGINNING: OTHER ASPECTS A. EDEN: PARADISE LOST — AND REDISCOVERED?
(i) The Beginning
(ii) In Eden
4. GENEALOGICAL “PRE/PROTO HISTORY”
A. LOOKING AT THE LINK LINES IN GENESIS 1-11
(i) The Genealogies Themselves
(ii) Data from the Neighbors
(iii) Other Related Aspects
B. HOPELESSLY OUTNUMBERED — THE 43,000-YEAR QUESTION
(i) Some Biblical and Allied Details
(ii) Accounting for Pre- and Protohistory, Then and Now
(iii) Going for the Jackpot
5. IN SUMMING UP
Last Things Last — a Few Conclusions
i. THE HEBREW BIBLE — WHAT CONTEXT?
2. LATE-PERIOD MINIMALISM
A. SOME T. L. THOMPSON (TLT) DICTA,
AND COMMENTS THERETO
(i) Early Biblical Periods: Quotes and Notes TLT-i
(ii) The United Monarchy 717-3
C. FELLOW TRAVELERS IN MINIMALISM
D. WHAT WOULD A REAL PERSO-HELLENIST1C HEBREW BIBLE BE LIKE?
E. THE BIBLE UNEARTHED —
(OR MERELY BOWDLERIZED?)
C. DECONSTRUCTION — THE CROWN OF ALL FOLLIES
H. THE INS AND OUTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(i) Sociology Applied Narrowly and without a Factual Basis
(iii) The Practical Side
3. MIDDLE-PERIOD MINIMALISM
A. JUST PATRIARCHS
(i) Patriarchal Personal Names
(ii) Other Social Features
(iii) Archaeology
B. JOSEPH TOO
(ii) Treaty and Covenant
(iii) Nonsense on Folklore
(iv) Into Canaan via Transjordan
4. FALLACIES AS THE MARK OF MIDDLE-PERIOD MINIMALISM
5. EARLY-PERIOD MINIMALISM THE ULTIMATE FANTASIES
A. THE HEARTLAND OF THE LATER NINETEENTH CENTURY: THE PROLEGOMENA AND ENCYCLOPEDIA ESSAY BY WELLHAUSEN
B. GRANDIOSE THEORIES VERSUS PERMANENT AND PERSISTENT FACTS
(i) Toying with Evolution
(ii) Evolution in History and Religion versus the Facts of Life
6. IN CONCLUSION: WHAT RESULTS?
Plate XVI
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Plate XXXV11