دانلود کتاب Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth

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Dedication Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
List of Contributors
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Fourth Edition
About the Companion Website
1 General Principles Related to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Impacted Teeth
Dental age
Assessing dental age in the clinical setting – the Jerusalem method
When is a tooth considered to be impacted?
Impacted teeth and local space loss
Whose problem?
The timing of the surgical intervention
Patient motivation and the orthodontic option
References
2 The Logistics of Orthodontic Treatment for Impacted Teeth
The anchor unit
Attachments
Intermediaries/connectors
Elastic ties and modules versus auxiliary springs
Temporary anchorage devices
Magnets
References
3 Biomechanics for Aligning Ectopic Teeth
Basic principles
Statically determinate and statically indeterminate systems
Consistent and inconsistent systems
Appliances
Useful adjuncts
Appendix: Colour code convention for moments and forces
References
4 Diagnostic Imaging for Impacted Teeth
Planar radiography
Computerized tomography
Cone beam computerized tomography
References
5 Surgical Exposure of Impacted Teeth
A brief history of surgery in relation to the treatment of impacted teeth
Aims of surgery for impacted teeth
Surgical intervention without orthodontic treatment
The surgical elimination of pathology
The principles of the surgical exposure of impacted teeth
Partial and full‐flap closure on the palatal side
A conservative attitude to the dental follicle
Pathological pressure necrosis
Quality‐of‐life issues following surgical exposure
Cooperation between surgeon and orthodontist
The team approach to attachment bonding
References
6 Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors
Aetiology
Attitudes to treatment of obstructed central incisors
Phase 1 treatment considerations
Traumatic causes
References
7 Palatally Impacted Canines
Prevalence
Aetiology: Local causes of palatal displacement
Normal development of the maxillary anterior teeth
The guidance theory of impaction
The genetic theory of impaction
Complications of the untreated impacted canine
Diagnosis
Treatment timing
Prevention and interception
Mechano‐therapy
The need for a practical classification of palatally impacted canines
The Jerusalem classification
References
8 Buccally Impacted Maxillary Canines
Canines impacted in the line of the arch
Buccally displaced maxillary canines
Palatally impacted labial canines
The ‘window of opportunity’
Buccally impacted canines with distal displacement
References
9 Resorption of the Roots of Neighbouring Teeth
Impaction and the transition from deciduous to permanent dentition
Can resorption be equated with dental caries?
Prevalence of resorption
Aetiology, diagnosis and prevention
Treatment
Exposing the impacted tooth without devitalizing the adjacent tooth
Can the resorbed tooth be moved without causing further resorption?
Severe incisor root resorption
References
10 Resorption of the Impacted Tooth
Invasive cervical root resorption
Pre‐eruptive intra‐coronal resorption
Age‐related replacement resorption
References
11 Impacted Permanent Molars
Maxillary first permanent molars
Mandibular first permanent molars
Mandibular second permanent molars
Maxillary second molars
Maxillary ‘banana’ third molars and second molar impaction
Mandibular third molars
Infra‐occlusion of permanent teeth
Primary failure of eruption
References
12 Premolars and Mandibular Canines
Mandibular canines
Mandibular second premolars
Maxillary second premolars
Infra‐occlusion of deciduous teeth and its influence on premolar successors
Infra‐occluded teeth cause arrest of vertical bone growth
References
13 The Root Form of Impacted Teeth
Normal root development
The aetiology of hooked root apices
The ‘hooked root’ theory of tooth impaction
Abnormal root form
Fake causes
References
14 Rescuing Teeth Impacted in Dentigerous Cysts
Dentigerous cysts
Radicular cysts
Treatment principles
The prognosis of teeth that have been severely displaced by cysts
Eyelets or brackets?
Conclusions
References
15 Impacted Teeth in the Adult Patient
Neglect and disguise
What does the literature say?
The impacted maxillary central incisor
Maximizing the anchor unit with fewer teeth
Implant anchorage
References
16 Lingual Appliances, Implants and Impacted Teeth
The context of impacted canines vis‐à‐vis the lingual appliance
Differences in treatment approach engendered by the use of lingual appliances
Canine traction, eruption and alignment
Finishing procedures
Anchorage considerations
Integrating implants with lingual appliances
Conclusion
References
17 Clear Aligners in the Treatment of Impacted Teeth
The beginning of an era
Mechanical principles of the aligner
Digital planning software
Managing impacted teeth with clear aligners
Methods of regaining space with clear aligners
Impacted tooth traction while using clear aligners
Clear aligner intra‐oral elastics interface
References
18 The Anatomy of Failure
Why is it important to know the cause of the failure of the tooth or teeth to erupt?
Patient‐dependent factors
Radiologist‐dependent factors
Orthodontist‐dependent factors
Surgeon‐dependent factors
Mid‐treatment alternate consultations – second opinions
References
19 Traumatic Impaction
Acute traumatic intrusion (intrusive luxation)
Spontaneous re‐eruption
Manipulative/surgical repositioning and splinting
Orthodontic reduction
Orthodontic treatment considerations
Indications for the different types of orthodontic appliance
Conclusion
References
20 Extreme Impactions, Unusual Phenomena, Difficult Decisions
Case 20.1: Monster tooth, supernumerary tooth, impacted central incisor and the maxillary midline
Case 20.2: Bilaterally impacted maxillary canines in a patient suffering with aggressive juvenile periodontitis
Case 20.3: Labially impacted maxillary canine at the level of the nasal floor
Case 20.4: The inaccessible canine
Case 20.5: Severe trauma in infancy: repairing the damage with orthodontics
Case 20.6: Labial to the lateral incisor and lingual to the central incisor
Case 20.7: Three adjacent impacted molars
Case 20.8: Five unerupted teeth in the walls of a dentigerous cyst
References
21 Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Clinical features and dental characteristics
Diagnosis
Treatment modalities
Recognition of the clinical features
What about the skeletal class III relationship in cleidocranial dysplasia patients?
What management protocol can be used to achieve this level of compliance?
Erupting the permanent teeth
Surgical therapeutic measures
Orthodontic strategy
Preparing the patient
The Jerusalem approach in clinical practice
Extreme tooth movement
Retention of the treated result
Orthognathic surgery
References
Index
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