دانلود کتاب Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology

فهرست مطالب :

Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology, Second Edition
About the Author
Basic Table of Contents
Detailed Table of Contents
Two-Page Spreads
To the Instructor
Tools for Teaching and Learning
To the Student
Chapter 1 What Is Physical Anthropology?
Big Questions
What Is Anthropology?
What Is Physical Anthropology?
How Do We Know? Franz Boas Invents Anthropology, American Style
Anthropology Matters: Forensic Anthropologists and 9/11
What Is So Different About Humans From Other Animals?: The Six Steps to Humanness
How We Know What We Know: The Scientific Method
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Part I The Present: Foundation for the Past
Chapter 2 Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory
Big Questions
The Theory of Evolution: The Context for Darwin
How Do We Know? Catastrophes in the Past: Their \"Impact\" on Evolution
The Theory of Evolution: Darwin\'s Contribution
Since Darwin: Mechanisms of Inheritance, the Evolutionary Synthesis, and the Discovery of DNA
Anthropology Matters: H1N1: The Evolution of the Swine Flu Pandemic
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 3 Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variations
Big Questions
The Cell: Its Role in Reproducing Life and Producing Variation
The DNA Molecule: The Genetic Code
The DNA Molecule: Replicating the Code
Anthropology Matters: The Human Genome Project: A Genetic Revolution
Mitosis: Production of Identical Somatic Cells
Meiosis: Production of Gametes (Sex Cells)
How Do We Know? Ancient DNA Opens New Windows on the Past
Producing Proteins: The Other Function of DNA
Genes: Structural and Regulatory
Polymorphisms: Variations In Specific Genes
The Complexity of Genetics: Polygenic Variation
and Pleiotropy
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 4 Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics
Big Question
Demes, Reproductive Isolation, and Species
Hardy-Weinberg Law: Testing the Conditions of Genetic Equilibrium
Anthropology Matters: Got Milk?: Lactose Intolerance and Lactase Deficiency
Mutation: The Only Source of New Alleles
Natural Selection: Advantageous Characteristics, Survival, and Reproduction
How Do We Know? Hardy-Weinberg Visits the Classroom: The Case of PTC Tasters vs. PTC Nontasters
Genetic Drift: Genetic Change Due to Chance
Gene Flow: Spread of Genes Across Population Boundaries
Answering the Big Question
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 5 Biology in the Present: Living People
Big Questions
Is Race a Valid, Biologically Meaningful Concept?
Life History: Growth and Development
Anthropology Matters: Coronary Heart Disease Starts Early: Prenatal Origins of a Common Killer
How Do We Know? Life on the Margins: The Case of the East African Turkana Pastoralists
Adaptation: Meeting the Challenges of Living
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 6 Biology in the Present: The Other Living Primates
Big Questions
What Is A Primate?
What are the Kinds of Primates?
How Do We Know? How Adaptable Are Primates? The Lemurs of St. Catherines Island
Anthropology Matters: Primates in Peril: Miss Waldron\'s Red Colobus Monkey
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 7 Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture
Big Questions
Primate Societies: Diverse, Complex, Long-Lasting
How Do We Know? Chimpanzee Predators: A Model for Origins of Human Hunting
Getting Food: Everybody Needs It, But the Burden Is On Mom
Anthropology Matters: The Mother/Infant Bond and Social Learning: Harry Harlow\'s Insights from Primate Behavior
Acquiring Resources and Transmitting Knowledge: Got Culture?
Vocal Communication Is Fundamental Behavior in Primate Societies
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Part II The Past: Evidence for the Present
Chapter 8 Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature
Big Questions
Fossils: Memories of the Biological Past
How Do We Know? The Fossil Record and the Timing and Tempo of Evolution
Just How Old is the Past?
Anthropology Matters: The Atomic Bomb and Radiocarbon Dating
Reconstruction of Ancient Enviroments and Landscapes
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Chapter 9 Primate Origins and Evolution: The First 50 Million Years
Big Questions
Why Did Primates Emerge?
The First True Primate: Visual, Tree-Dwelling, Agile, Smart
Evolution of the Euprimates
How Do We Know? The Fayum Depression: Heartland of Anthropoid Ancestors
Early Anthropoids Evolve and Thrive
Coming to America: Origin of New World Higher Primates
Apes Begin in Africa and Dominate the Miocene Primate World
Apes Leave Africa: On To New Habitats and New Adaptations
Apes Return to Africa?
Anthropology Matters: Fine Motor Skills: Uniquely Human?
Monkeys on the Move
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 10 Early Hominid Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity
Big Questions
What Is A Hominid?
How Do We Know? The Lesson of Piltdown: Science as a Way of Knowing
Why Did Hominids Emerge?
Who Were the First Hominids?
Anthropology Matters: Finders of the Ancestors
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 11 The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo
Big Questions
Homo Habilis: The First Species of the Genus Homo
Homo Erectus: Early Homo Goes Global
How Do We Know? The Nariokotome Homo erectus Boy of Kenya: How Fast Was His Growth?
How Do We Know? Giving Birth to Big-Brained Babies
Anthropology Matters: The Fossil Evidence for Human Evolution
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 12 The Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Modern
People
Big Questions
What Is So Modern About Modern Humans?
Modern Homo Sapiens: Single Origin and Global Dispersal or Regional Continuity?
What Do Homo Sapiens Fossils Tell Us About Modern Human Origins?
How Do We Know? Atapuerca, Spain: Fossil Hominid Bonanza
Anthropology Matters: Learning about the Past from the Living: Injury, Occupation, and Behavior
How Has the Biological Variations in Fossil Homo Sapiens Been Interpreted?
Assimilation Model for Modern Human Variation: Neandertals Are Still With Us
Modern Humans\' Other Migrations: Colonization of Australia, the Pacific, and the Americas
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Chapter 13 Our Last 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, and the Bioarchaeology of a Fundamental Transition
Big Questions
The Agricultural Revolution: New Foods and New Adaptations
How Do We Know? What People Ate: Reconstructing Diet with Chemistry
Agriculture: An Adaptive Trade-Off
Anthropology Matters: Violence in the Human Past: What Have People When the Food Ran Out?
How Did Agriculture Affect Human Biological Change?
How Do We Know? Bones and Behavior
If It Is So Bad for You, Why Farm?
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Part III The Future: The Shape of Things to Come
Chapter 14 Evolution: Today and Tomorrow
Big Questions
The Forces of Change: A Warming Planent, Increasing Population, and Shifting Technology
How Do We Know? Global Climates Are Rapidly Changing
Anthropology Matters: Biodiversity on the Downturn: the Human Role
Our Ongoing Evolution
Who Will We Be Tomorrow?
Answering the Big Questions
Key Terms
Additional Readings
Appendix: The Skeleton
Glossary
Glossary of Place Names
Bibliography
Permissions Acknowledgments
Index
Untitled