دانلود کتاب Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook (Routledge Sourcebooks for the Ancient World)

فهرست مطالب :

PAGANS AND CHRISTIANS IN LATE ANTIQUITY - FRONT COVER\nPAGANS AND CHRISTIANS IN LATE ANTIQUITY\nTITLE PAGE\nCOPYRIGHT\nDEDICATION\nCONTENTS\nILLUSTRATIONS\nPREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION\nPREFACE TO THE ORIGINAL EDITION\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n Picture credits\nCONVENTIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS\n Conventions\n Abbreviations\nLIST OF EMPERORS\nGLOSSARY\nINTRODUCTION\n Late Antiquity: an overview\n The sources: types, languages, and dating\n Pagans or polytheists?\n Further reading and useful reference works\nPART I: PAGANS AND CHRISTIANS THROUGH TIME\nCHAPTER 1: PAGANS IN THE THIRD CENTURY\n 1.1 A religious calendar: P. Dura 54 (Cols 1-2)\n 1.2 Animal sacrifice: relief from the Arch of Septimius Severus, Lepcis Magna, North Africa\n 1.3 Substituting for animal sacrifice: CMRDM I.50\n 1.4 Offering incense: fresco from the Temple of Bel, Dura-Europos\n 1.5 Arrangements for honouring the gods through music: I. Strat. 1101\n 1.6 An example of a hymn: Ariphron of Sicyon, Hymn to Hygieia\n 1.7 Processions: a coin from Magnesia-on-the-Maeander, Asia Minor\n 1.8 Devotion to the goddess Isis: IGPhilae 168, 178, 180\n 1.9 Votive offering for healing: a stele from Lydia, Asia Minor\n 1.10 Questions to an oracle: P. Oxy. 1477\n 1.11 Curse tablets and magic: DT 286 (= ILS 8753)\n 1.12 An inventory of temple property: P. Oxy. 1449\n 1.13 Neoplatonism: Prophyry Life of Plotinus 23 and Plotinus Enneads 5.4.1\n 1.14 Spiritual sacrifice: Porphyry On Abstinence from Animal Food 2.34\n 1.15 Dedications to ‘the highest god’: SEG 40 (1990) 1188, 1227; 19 (1963) 847\n 1.16 The cult of Mithras: CIMRM 2350 and 1438\n 1.17 The emperor Decius as ‘restorer of the cults’: AE (1973) 235\n 1.18 The emperor Aurelian and the cult of the Sun: Zosimus New History 1.61.2 and CIL 6.31775\nCHAPTER 2: CHRISTIANS IN THE THIRD CENTURY\n 2.1 Christian organisation and activities: Tertullian Apology 39.1-6\n 2.2 Christian charity in action: Eusebius Church History 7.22.7-10\n 2.3 The number of Christians in third-century Rome: Eusebius Church History 6.43.11-12\n 2.4 An early Christian house church: Dura-Europos, Syria\n 2.5 Christians in the imperial palace: ILCV 3332 and 3872\n 2.6 Christians in local administration: SB 16.12497\n 2.7 Women in the church: Porphyry Against the Christians fr. 97 (= Jerome Commentary on Isaiah 3.12\n 2.8 An example of Gnostic literature: extracts from The Gospel of Philip (Nag Hammadi Codex II, 3)\n 2.9 Christian responses to pagan criticisms: Origen Against Celsus 5.25, 35, 8.73, 75\n 2.10 Localised persecution and church divisions: Cyprian Letter 75.10\n 2.11 Certificates of sacrifice from the Decian persecution: P. Mich. 3.157 and Wilcken no. 125\n 2.12 A martyrdom during the Decian persecution: The Martyrdom of Pionius\n 2.13 Persecution by the emperor Valerian: Cyprian Letter 80\nCHAPTER 3: PAGANS AND CHRISTIANS DURING THE TETRARCHY\n 3.1 Tetrarchic ‘theology’: CIL 3.4415 (= ILS 659)\n 3.2 Diocletian’s edict against Manichaeans: Comparison of the Laws of Moses and the Romans 15.3\n 3.3 The impact of persecution at the local level: Optatus, Against the Donatists, Appendix 1, pp. 18\n 3.4 Documentary evidence from the first phase of persecution: P. Oxy. 2673\n 3.5 The consequences of resistance: The Martyrdom of the Holy Bishop Felix\n 3.6 Christianity and local elites: The Council of Elvira Canons 2-3, 55-7, 59-60\n 3.7 Galerius ends the persecution: Lactantius On the Deaths of the Persecutors 34\n 3.8 Continuing persecution in the east: Lactantius On the Deaths of the Persecutors 36\n 3.9 Maximinus’ new strategy: Eusebius Church History 9.7.6-14\n 3.10 Celebrating the gods: I. Strat. 310\nCHAPTER 4: CONSTANTINE\n 4.1 Constantine’s vision of Apollo: the Latin Panegyrics 6 (7).21.3-6\n 4.2 Constantine’s formative experience: Lactantius On the Deaths of the Persecutors 44.1-10\n 4.3 Constantine’s arch in Rome: CIL 6.1139 (= ILS 694)\n 4.4 A pagan version of Constantine’s adoption of Christianity: Zosimus New History 2.29.1-4\n 4.5 Licinius and Constantine proclaim toleration: Lactantius On the Deaths of the Persecutors 48.2-12\n 4.6 Constantine and the Donatist controversy: Optatus Against the Donatists 1.22-5 and Appendix 3, p. 206\n 4.7 Constantine’s changing attitude to paganism: Eusebius Life of Constantine 2.55-6, 60.2\n 4.8 Constantine and the Arian controversy: Eusebius Life of Constantine 2.64-71\n 4.9 Arius’ ideas set to music: Philostorgius Church History 2.2\n 4.10 The Nicaean Creed: Socrates Church History 1.8.29-33\n 4.11 Constantine helps a prominent pagan: IGLT 1265 and 1889\n 4.12 A philosopher at Constantine’s court: Eunapius Lives of the Philosophers and Sophists 6.2.1-12 (462-3)\n 4.13 Imperial favour for a Christian community: MAMA 7.305\n 4.14 The imperial cult in Constantine’s final years: CIL 11.5265 (= ILS 705)\nCHAPTER 5: PAGANS AND CHRISTIANS IN THE MID-FOURTH CENTURY\n 5.1 Laws on pagan practices in the 340s: Theodosian Code 16.10.2-3\n 5.2 Constantius II and church affairs: Socrates Church History 2.12-13, 22-3 and Ammianus Marcellinus 21.16.18\n 5.3 A Christian senator in the 350s: CIL 6.32004 and AE (1953) 239\n 5.4 Julian’s ideals and prejudices: Julian The Caesars 335c-336b\n 5.5 Julian’s religious reforms: Julian Letters 84 and 89\n 5.6 A defence of sacrifice: Sallustius On the Gods and the Universe 14-16\n 5.7 Julian’s policy towards Christians: Julian Letter 114 (437b, 438a-c)\n 5.8 Julian’s law on Christian teachers: Julian Letter 61c\n 5.9 Epigraphic evidence for Julian’s religious policies: CIL 8.18529, ILAlg II, 2.4674, AE (2000) 1503, AE (1983) 895, ILS 8946\n 5.10 A plea for religious toleration: Themistius Speech 5.67b-70a\n 5.11 The religious policies of Valentinian I: Ammianus Marcellinus History 30.9.5, Theodosian Code 9.16.9, Sozomen Church History 6.21.7\n 5.12 Popular preoccupation with the Arian controversy: Gregory of Nyssa, On the Divinity of the Son and of the Holy Spirit (PG 46.557)\nCHAPTER 6: PAGANS AND CHRISTIANS IN THE LATE FOURTH CENTURY\n 6.1 Temples as an issue: Theodosian Code 16.10.8\n 6.2 Pagan disillusionment: Symmachus Letters 1.51\n 6.3 Pagan commitment: CIL 6.510 and 1779\n 6.4 A plea for religious tolerance: Symmachus Memorandum 3.3-10\n 6.5 A bishop responds: Ambrose Letters 72 (17).3-4, 10, 13-15, 17, and 73 (18).3-8\n 6.6 In defence of temples: Libanius Speech 30.8-11, 28-9\n 6.7 Imperial approval of a regional religious calendar: CIL 10.3792\n 6.8 A comprehensive ban on sacrifice: Theodosian Code 16.10.10\n 6.9 Pagan prophecies against Christianity: Augustine The City of God 18.53-4\n 6.10 Aristocratic and barbarian converts: Jerome Letter 107.2\n 6.11 Christianising the countryside (1): Sulpicius Severus, Life of St Martin 12-15\n 6.12 Corroboration of Martin’s activities: RICG 15.39\n 6.13 Christianising the countryside (2): Endelechius, On the Deaths of the Cattle 101-20\n 6.14 ‘Whether pagan or Christian’: Tab. Sulis 98\n 6.15 Theodosius and the Arian controversy: Theodosian Code 16.1.2-3\nCHAPTER 7: CHRISTIANISATION AND ITS LIMITS IN THE FIFTH AND SIXTH CENTURIES\n 7.1 Pagan activities in late fifth-century Caria: Zacharias Life of Severus pp. 39-41\n 7.2 Persecution of pagans in sixth-century Antioch: Life of the Younger St Symeon the Stylite 161, 164\n 7.3 Persecution of pagans in sixth-century Sardis: I. Sardis 19\n 7.4 Christianisation in rural Egypt: Besa Life of Shenoute 83-84\n 7.5 The fate of a temple in Carthage: Quodvultdeus The Book of the Promises and Prophecies of God 3.38 (44)\n 7.6 The temple of Isis at Philae in the mid-fifth century: IGPhilae 197 and Priscus History fr. 27.1\n 7.7 The end of the cult of Isis at Philae: Procopius Wars 1.19.31-5 and IGPhilae 203, 201\n 7.8 Gregory the Great’s strategy in Britain: Bede Church History of the English People 1.30\n 7.9 The problem of public shows: Jacob of Serugh Homily 5\n 7.10 Christian methods of divination: Council of Vannes Canon 16\n 7.11 A Christian oracle: P. Rendel Harris 54 and P. Oxy. 1926\n 7.12 A Roman calendar from the mid-fifth century: an extract from the Calendar of Polemius Silvius\n 7.13 Nestorius and the controversy over Christ’s nature: Socrates Church History 7.32.1-7\n 7.14 The definition of the Council of Chalcedon: Acts of the Ecumenical Councils 2.1.2, pp. 129-30\nPART II: OTHER RELIGIOUS GROUPS\nCHAPTER 8: JEWS\n 8.1 Jews on the town council: BE 81 (1968) 478 (p. 517) and Robert NIS 14 (p. 55)\n 8.2 A late Roman synagogue: the synagogue at Sardis\n 8.3 Diocletian exempts Jews from sacrificing: Palestinian Talmud, Abodah Zarah 5.4\n 8.4 Common ground between pagans and Jews: Julian Against the Galilaeans fr. 72 (306B)\n 8.5 Julian’s attempt to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem: Ammianus Marcellinus History 23.1.2-3\n 8.6 Church prohibitions on associating with Jews: the Council of Elvira, Canons 49-50\n 8.7 Judaising Christians in Antioch: John Chrysostom Sermons against the Jews 1: 1.3.3-5; 6.2-5\n 8.8 Converts to Judaism: JIWE 2.62 and 577 (= CIJ 1.462 and 523)\n 8.9 Further church prohibitions on associating with Jews: The Council of Vannes Canon 12\n 8.10 Intercommunal violence between Christians and Jews: Ambrose Letter 74 (40). 6-7, 10-15\n 8.11 Imperial protection for Jews: Theodosian Code 16.8.9\n 8.12 Official discrimination against Jews: Theodosian Code 16.8.24\n 8.13 A Jewish community and its conversion: Severus of Minorca Letter concerning the Jews 4-8, 12-14\n 8.14 A Jewish convert to Christianity: JIWE 1.8 (= CIJ 12.643a)\n 8.15 Justinian and the Samaritans: Justinianic Code 1.5.17 and Procopius Secret History 11.24-28\n 8.16 Expulsion of Jews from Antioch in the late sixth century: Agapius of Membij Universal History Part 2, pp. 439–40\nCHAPTER 9: ZOROASTRIANS\n 9.1 Zoroastrians in third-century Asia Minor: Inscription of Kirder 5-8\n 9.2 Zoroastrians in fourth-century Cappadocia: Basil of Caesarea Letters 258.4\n 9.3 Persian complaints about Roman treatment of Zoroastrians in the mid-fifth century: Priscus History fr. 41.1\nCHAPTER 10: MANICHAEANS\n 10.1 Mani’s early life: extracts from the Cologne Mani Codex\n 10.2 Manichaean psalms: extracts from The Manichaean Psalmbook\n 10.3 Early anti-Manichaean polemic: P. Ryl. 3.469\n 10.4 A Manichaean letter: P. Oxy. 4965\n 10.5 The westward spread of Manichaeism: TzM no. 67\n 10.6 A disillusioned convert: Augustine Confessions 3.6.10, 4.1.1\n 10.7 Imperial persecution of Manichaeans: Theodosian Code 16.5.3 and 18\nPART III: THEMES IN LATE ANTIQUE CHRISTIANITY\nCHAPTER 11: ASCETICS\n 11.1 The model for solitary ascetics: Athanasius Life of Antony 1-3, 5, 8, 14, 44, 46-7, 90-2\n 11.2 The model for communal asceticism: Life of Pachomius (Bohairic) 26, 28 and Precepts of Pachomius 26–7, 31, 35, 49, 58, 138–40\n 11.3 Varieties of ascetic practice: Jerome Letter 22.34\n 11.4 Removal of legal handicaps on celibacy: Theodosian Code 8.16.1\n 11.5 The ascetic life as escape: Theodosian Code 12.1.63\n 11.6 Conversion to the ascetic life: Augustine Confessions 8.6.15\n 11.7 Ascetic evolution and extremism in Asia Minor: Sozomen Church History 3.14.31-6\n 11.8 Criticism of rigorous asceticism: Jerome Against Jovinian 1.1, 3, 5 (excerpts) (PL 23.211-17)\n 11.9 Pagan criticism of the monastic life: Zosimus New History 5.23.4\n 11.10 A monk-bishop: Theodoret History of the Monks 17 (Abraham)\n 11.11 An anti-social holy man? John of Ephesus Lives of the Eastern Saints 4\n 11.12 Western monasticism in the sixth century: The Rule of Benedict 48.1-9\nCHAPTER 12: BISHOPS\n 12.1 An episcopal career: MAMA 1.170\n 12.2 Qualifications of would-be bishops: Council of Serdica Canon 10\n 12.3 A cautionary tale: Augustine Letter 20*.2.3-5.4\n 12.4 Appropriate conduct for a bishop: Ancient Statutes of the Church Canons 1-10\n 12.5 The judicial power of bishops: Sirmondian Constitutions 1\n 12.6 The judicial burdens of bishops: Augustine Commentaries on the Psalms 25.13\n 12.7 Episcopal church-building: CIL 12.5336 (= ILCV 1806)\n 12.8 Other forms of episcopal building work: AE (1911) 90 and IEJ 13 (1963) 325\n 12.9 Episcopal crisis-management: Sidonius Apollinaris Letters 6.12\n 12.10 A bishop’s charitable activities: CIL 8.20905 (= ILCV 1103)\n 12.11 Episcopal organisation of charitable institutions: the Lives of the Holy Fathers of Merida 5.3\nCHAPTER 13: MATERIAL RESOURCES\n 13.1 Constantine’s endowment of the Lateran church, Rome: The Book of Pontiffs 34.9-12\n 13.2 Endowment of a church by an imperial courtier: the Cornutian Deed\n 13.3 Church-building as an expression of imperial piety: CIG 4.8639\n 13.4 The piety of a banker: CIL 11.288 and 294\n 13.5 Inventory of a village church: P. Grenf. 2.111\n 13.6 Church silverware from Syria (1): the Hama treasure\n 13.7 Church silverware from Syria (2): The Riha paten\n 13.8 Where are the resources of wealthy Christians best directed? Jerome Letter 130.14\n 13.9 A bishop’s bequests: the will of Gregory of Nazianzus (PG 37.389-96)\n 13.10 Offerings to religious institutions: P. Oxy. 4620\n 13.11 Restrictions on the alienation of church property: Justinian Novel 120.1,10\n 13.12 Using church property to redeem captives: Life of Caesarius of Arles 32-3\n 13.13 The right attitude to possessions: Basil of Caesarea Short Rules 92 (PG 31.1145c-1148a)\nCHAPTER 14: CHURCH LIFE\n 14.1 A calendar of church services: P. Oxy. 1357\n 14.2 Church layout and conduct of services: Apostolic Constitutions 2.57.1-9\n 14.3 A basilica church: St Paul Outside the Walls, Rome\n 14.4 A provincial church: the Tabarka mosaic\n 14.5 A domed church: Hagia Sophia, Constantinople\n 14.6 Preaching and baptism: Ambrose On the Sacraments 1.4-5, 8-15\n 14.7 Baptism and burial: ILCV 1516\n 14.8 A baptistery: the Kélibia font\n 14.9 Practical aspects of church services: Caesarius of Arles Sermon 78.1\n 14.10 Hymns in the west: Ambrose of Milan Hymn 4 (‘God, creator of all things’)\n 14.11 Hymns in the east: Romanos the Melode Hymn 49.1-4, 15-18 (Pentecost)\n 14.12 The church and images: a textile representation of Mary and a painting of Peter\nCHAPTER 15: WOMEN\n 15.1 The role of women in Christianisation: CIL 8.12260\n 15.2 Female clergy? Council of Nimes Canon 2 and Gelasius Letter 14.26\n 15.3 Female involvement in ministry: Ancient Statutes of the Church Canon 100\n 15.4 An eminent female benefactor: the Greek Anthology 1.10 (lines 42-50, 74-6)\n 15.5 The largesse of a Gothic lady: P. Ital. 13\n 15.6 Christianity and the ‘double standard’: Jerome Letter 77.3\n 15.7 Asceticism as a desirable alternative to marriage: Life of Olympias 2-6\n 15.8 The establishment of a female monastery: Life of Pachomius (Bohairic) 27\n 15.9 Asceticism as a family strategy: Basil of Caesarea Letters 199.18\n 15.10 Asceticism and gender boundaries: Life of Melania the Younger 15, 39\nCHAPTER 16: PILGRIMS AND HOLY PLACES\n 16.1 The earliest first-hand account by a Holy Land pilgrim: the Bordeaux Itinerary\n 16.2 Group pilgrimage in the mid-fourth century: Athanasius Letter to Virgins Who Went and Prayed in Jerusalem and Returned pp. 170–2\n 16.3 A female pilgrim’s travels in Sinai: the Itinerary of Egeria 1-5\n 16.4 The price of an escort to the Holy Mountain: P. Ness. 89\n 16.5 The case against pilgrimage: Gregory of Nyssa Letter 2\n 16.6 Mementos (1): a clay pilgrim flask\n 16.7 Mementos (2): Augustine The City of God 22.8\n 16.8 The diffusion of relics from the Holy Land: ILCV 2068 and 1822\n 16.9 Pilgrimage to a holy man: Theodoret History of the Monks 26.11-12 and the pilgrim complex at Qal’at Sem’an\n 16.10 Pilgrimage to a saint’s shrine: Paulinus of Nola Poem 18.154-84, 198-205\n 16.11 Saints and healing (1): Theodoret The Healing of Pagan Diseases 8.63-4 and examples of votive offerings\n 16.12 Saints and healing (2): a clay pilgrim token\n 16.13 Controversy over the cult of martyrs’ relics: Jerome Against Vigilantius 4-5 (PL 23.342-3)\n 16.14 The arrival of martyrs’ relics: the Trier ivory\nEDITIONS\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nINDEX OF SOURCES\n 1. LITERARY SOURCES\n 2. LEGAL TEXTS\n 3. DOCUMENTARY TEXTS\nGENERAL INDEX