دانلود کتاب Penile Cancer – A Practical Guide (Management of Urology)

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Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: Epidemiology and Aetiology of Penile Cancer
Introduction
Epidemiology
Presentation by T Stage
Aetiology
Phimosis and Inflammatory Conditions Including Lichen Sclerosus
Circumcision and its Protective Effect
Obesity and Hygiene
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Penile Cancer
Smoking and Tobacco Use
Psoralen UV-A Phototherapy (PUVA)
Revisions Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Viva Cases
Answers
References
2: Pathology and Molecular Biology of Penile Cancer
Introduction
Precursor Lesions
Predisposing Conditions
Condylomata
Lichen Sclerosus
Penile Cancer
Subtypes
Tumour Grading
Tumour Staging
Perineurial and Lymphovascular Invasion
Excision Margins
Molecular Alterations in Penile Cancer
Somatic Mutations
Copy Number Variations
Genes Related with HPV Status
Potential Therapeutic Targets
Markers of Penile Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Summary
Revisions Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Viva Cases
Answers
References
3: Imaging Techniques Used in Penile Cancer
Introduction
Imaging the Penis: Local Staging, Clinical Examination, Ultrasound, and MRI
The Anatomy of the Penis as Seen on MRI
Anatomy on Ultrasound
Imaging Techniques: MRI
Ultrasound, and the Need for Tumescence
MRI and Ultrasound for Primary Staging
Other Penile Tumours
Nodal Staging
Nodal Anatomy & Cross-Sectional Imaging
Advanced Techniques: PET
MR Lymphography
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Sentinel Node Anatomy
Imaging of Metastases
EAU Guidelines and Protocols for Staging and Follow Up
Protocols for Follow Up
Future Directions
Revision Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Viva Cases
Answers
References
Untitled
4: Diagnosing and Staging Patients with Penile Cancer
History and Physical Exam
Biopsy and Pathology
Staging of Penile Cancer
Staging of the Primary Tumour
Staging of Inguinal Lymph Nodes
Palpable Lymph Nodes
Non-palpable Lymph Nodes
Staging for Metastasis
Revision Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Viva Cases
Answers
References
5: Premalignant Penile Lesions
Introduction
Human Papillomavirus-Related Lesions
Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Giant Condyloma Acuminatum (Buschke-Löwenstein Tumour)
HPV Infection and Malignant Transformation
Non-Human Papillomavirus-Related Lesions
Lichen Sclerosus (Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans)
Pseudoepitheliomatous Keratotic and Micaceous Balanitis
Cutaneous Horn
Treatment of Premalignant Penile Lesions
Topical Therapies—5-Fluorouracil
Topical Therapies—Imiquimod
Cryotherapy
Laser Therapy
Photodynamic Therapy
Surgical Excision
Follow up
Revisions Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Viva Case
Answers
References
6: Penile-Sparing Surgical Options for Patients Diagnosed with Penile Cancer
Introduction
Anatomy
Choice of Procedure
Prepuce
Glans
Shaft
Counselling and Consent
Preparation
Circumcision
Technique
Post-Operative Care
Glansectomy
Technique
Partial/Subtotal Variations
Post-op Care
Wide Local Excision (WLE)
Technique
Skin Flaps/Grafts
Indications
Technique
Post-op Care
Complications and Side Effects
Oncologic Outcomes
Functional and QOL Outcomes
Revision Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Viva Cases
Answers
References
7: Surgical Management of Advanced Penile Cancer
The Definition, Prognosis, and Treatment Paradigm of Locally Advanced Penile Cancer
Definition of Locally Advanced Penile Cancer
Treatment Paradigm of Advanced Penile Cancer
Preoperative Assessment
Penectomy
Partial Penectomy
Total Penectomy
Complications
The Role of Preoperative Chemotherapy in Advanced Disease
Managing Large Groin Defects
Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
Indications for Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
Boundaries of a Pelvic Node Dissection
Revision Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
References
8: How to Manage the Lymph Nodes in Penile Cancer
Why Lymph Node Dissection Is Important in Penile Cancer
Staging of Lymph Nodes in Penile Cancer
Assessment of Lymph Node Invasion in Penile Cancer
Clinical Examination
Inguinal Ultrasonography (US)
Cross Sectional Imaging—Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT
Lymph Node Management in Penile Cancer
Indications for Lymph Node Dissection
Dynamic Sentinel Node Biopsy (DSNB)
Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection (ILND)
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (PLND)
Radiotherapy
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Revision Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
References
9: The Role of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Penile Cancer
Chemotherapy
Palliative Chemotherapy for Metastatic Disease
Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Disease
Immunotherapy
Radiotherapy
External Beam Radiotherapy Using Intensity Modulated Radiation
Brachytherapy
Adjuvant Radiotherapy to the Pelvis
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy to the Pelvis
Primary Radiotherapy to the Penis
Palliative Radiation
Conclusion
References
10: Reconstructive Surgical Techniques in Penile Cancer
Introduction
Indications
Surgical Techniques
Wide Local Excision and Circumcision
Glans Resurfacing and Split-Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)
Surgical Technique
Split-Thickness Skin Graft (STSG) Harvesting, Application, and Wound Care
Glansectomy
Surgical Technique
Surgical Technique Using Dissection over Buck’s Fascia
Surgical Technique Using Dissection under Buck’s Fascia
Distal Urethroplasty with Buccal Mucosa Graft (BMG): Harvesting, Application and Wound Care
Buccal Mucosa Graft Harvesting and Wound Care of Donor Site
Application of the Graft
Partial Penectomy
Surgical Technique
Total Penectomy + Perineal Urethrostomy
Surgical Technique
Penile Reconstruction and Phalloplasty
Goals of Surgery
Surgical Technique
Specific Considerations Following Penectomy
Surgical and Functional Outcomes
Conclusion
Revision Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Viva Cases
Answers
References
11: Late Effects of Penile Cancer
Introduction
Urinary Changes
Sexual Changes
Lymphoedema
Psychosocial Wellbeing in Penile Cancer
Defining Psychosocial Wellbeing
Psychosocial Impact of Penile Cancer
Improving Psychosocial Outcomes in Penile Cancer
Revision Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Viva Cases
Answers
References