دانلود کتاب Philosophy: Key Texts

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Cover
Title
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Styles of reading
Arguments
Assessing premises
Inferences
The archaeology of arguments
Arguments within arguments
Back to style
The principle of charity
Five key texts
1. Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics (c.334-323 BCE)
Background
The text
The proper method of philosophy
Teleology
The Good for human life
Happiness
Moral virtue
The doctrine of the mean
The role of pleasure
Choice, freedom and responsibility
Five routes to truth
Conclusion
Summary
Glossary
Further reading
2. Rene Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy (1641)
Background
The text
First meditation
Problems
Second meditation
Problems
The piece of wax
Third meditation
The existence of God
Fourth meditation
Fifth meditation
Problems
Sixth meditation
Problems
Outstanding problems
Conclusion
Summary
Glossary
Further reading
3. David Hume: An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (1748)
Background
The text
I Of the different species of philosophy
II Of the origin of ideas
III Of the association of ideas
IV Sceptical doubts concerning the operations of the understanding
V Sceptical solution of these doubts
VI Of probability
VII Of the idea of necessary connexion
VIII Of liberty and necessity
IX Of the reason of animals
X Of miracles
XI Of a particular providence and of a future state
XII Of the academical or sceptical philosophy
Summary
Glossary
Further reading
4. Bertrand Russell: The Problems of Philosophy (1912)
Background
The text
1 Appearance and reality
2 The existence of matter
3 The nature of matter
4 Idealism
5 Acquaintance and description
6 Induction
7 Knowledge of general principles
8 How is a priori knowledge possible?
9 The world of universals
10 Our knowledge of universals
11 On intuitive knowledge
12 Truth and falsehood
13 Knowledge, error and probable opinion
14 The limits of philosophical knowledge
15 The value of philosophy
Summary
Glossary
Further reading
5. Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism and Humanism (1947)
Background
The text
The attack on existentialism
Humanism
Existentialism
Subjectivity
Anguish
Abandonment
Despair
The cogito
The human condition
Does it matter what you do?
Can you judge others?
A case of give and take
Humanism again
Conclusion
Summary
Glossary
Further reading
Glossary
Further Reading
Index