دانلود کتاب Phonology and Language Use

فهرست مطالب :

Contents......Page 10
List of Figures......Page 14
List of Tables......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 18
1.1 Substance and Usage in Phonology......Page 20
1.2 Some Basic Principles of a Usage-Based Model......Page 25
1.3 The Creative Role of Repetition......Page 27
1.4 Frequency Effects......Page 29
1.5 Phonology as Procedure, Structure as Emergent......Page 33
1.6 Organization of the Book......Page 35
1.7 Language as a Part of Human Behavior......Page 36
2.1 Introduction......Page 38
2.2 The Rule/List Fallacy......Page 39
2.3 Organized Storage......Page 40
2.4 Morphological Structure Is Emergent......Page 42
2.5 Rules and Schemas Compared......Page 45
2.6 Frequency Effects......Page 47
2.7 Units of Storage......Page 48
2.9 From Local to General Schemas......Page 50
2.10 Conclusion......Page 52
3.2 The Phonemic Principle......Page 54
3.3 A Cognitively Realistic Model of Phonological Representation......Page 56
3.4 Linguistic Evidence for Detailed and Redundant Storage......Page 59
3.5 Usage-Based Categorization versus Phonemic Representation......Page 68
3.6 Phonetic Detail in the Lexicon – Variation and the Early Involvement of the Lexicon and Morphology in Change......Page 73
3.7 A Model for Sound Change......Page 76
3.8 Special Reduction of High-Frequency Words and Phrases......Page 79
3.9 Conclusion......Page 81
4.1 Introduction......Page 82
4.2 Phonetic Etiology and Its Limits......Page 84
4.3 Articulatory Gestures......Page 88
4.4 Patterns of Change and Constraints on Processes......Page 96
4.5 Segments as Emergent Units......Page 104
4.6 Generalization over Syllable-Initial and Syllable-Final Position......Page 105
4.7 Phonotactics......Page 107
4.8 Conclusion......Page 114
5.1 Introduction......Page 115
5.2 Morphological versus Phonological Conditioning......Page 116
5.3 Lexical Storage of Complex Forms, Both Regular and Irregular......Page 128
5.4 Lexical Strength......Page 132
5.5 Paradigmatic Relations Expressed as Lexical Connections......Page 136
5.6 Lexical Classes: Productivity Due to Type Frequency......Page 137
5.7 The Interaction of Lexical Strength and Lexical Connection......Page 143
5.8 Product-Oriented Schemas......Page 145
5.9 Phonological Similarity in Gangs......Page 149
5.10 Conclusion......Page 154
6.1 Introduction......Page 156
6.2 Phonological Representations of Words......Page 157
6.3 Morphemes within Words......Page 163
6.4 Phrases and Constructions with Alternations......Page 176
6.5 Conclusion......Page 185
7.1 Introduction......Page 186
7.2 Final Consonant Deletion in French......Page 187
7.3 Grammatical Constructions and Liaison......Page 190
7.4 Loss of Liaison as Regularization......Page 196
7.6 Taking the Phonology Seriously......Page 204
7.7 Conclusion......Page 206
8.1 Universals and Explanation......Page 208
8.2 Searching for Universals......Page 210
8.3 Phoneme Inventories......Page 216
8.4 Two Main Mechanisms for Phonological Change......Page 218
8.5 Syllable Structure......Page 223
8.6 More Evidence against Universals as Purely Synchronic......Page 230
8.7 Diachronic Sources for Formal Universals: The Phonemic Principle and Structure Preservation......Page 231
References......Page 236
F......Page 250
M......Page 251
W......Page 252
Z......Page 253
G......Page 254
S......Page 255
W......Page 256
U......Page 257