دانلود کتاب Postharvest Plant Pathology

فهرست مطالب :

Cover
Half Title
About the Author
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
List of Colour Plates
1 Concept and Types of Postharvest Diseases
1.1. Postharvest food loss due to diseases
1.2. Categories of postharvest diseases
1.3. Pathogens causing postharvest diseases
1.4. Infection process
1.4.1. Pre-harvest infection
1.4.2. Effect of bruising in infection
1.4.3. Disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop
1.4.4. Postharvest infection
1.5 Latent infections in the pre- and postharvest environment
1.5.1. Mechanisms of quiescence
1.5.2. Major types of penetration of postharvest pathogens
1.5.3. Modes of infection by postharvest pathogens
1.5.4. Host physiological status
References
2. Postharvest Diseases
2.1. Seed borne diseases
2.2. Classification of postharvest diseases
2.2.1. Diseases of stored seeds and food grains
2.3. Storage fungi and toxins
2.4. Major pathogens of postharvest fruits and vegetables
2.4.1. Penicillium digitatum (Green mold, Blue mold)
2.4.2. Botrytis cinerea (Grey mold rot)
2.4.3. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Bitter rot)
2.4.4. Alternaria alternata (Black Rot, Black Spot)
2.4 5. Mucor pyriformis (Mucor Rot)
2.4.6. Monilinia fructicola (Brown Rot)
2.4.7. Rhizopus spp. (Bread mold/Soft Rots)
2.4.8. Cladosporium spp., (Bread mold)
2.4.9. Phomopsis spp., (Stem end rot / Stem canker/ Spots)
2.4.10. Phytophthora (Rots)
2.4.11. Aspergillus niger (Black mould)
2.4.12. Galactomyces citri-aurantii (Formerly Geotrichum candidum)
2.4.13. Lasiodiplodia (Botryodiplodia) theobromae
2.4.14. Fusarium rot
2.4.15. Phoma rot
2.4.16. Rhizoctonia solani (Rots)
2.4.17. Diplodia stem-end rot
2.4.18. Ceratocystis paradoxa (Black rot)
2.4.19. Curvularia rots
2.4.20. Sclerotium rot (Sclerotium rolfsii)
2.4.21. Choanephora cucurbitarum (Wet Rot)
2.4.22. Phytophthora parasitica (Rots)
2.4.23. Pythium aphanidermatum (Soft rots)
2.4.24. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (White mold)
2.5. Symptoms of postharvest diseases of fruits
2.6. Symptoms of postharvest diseases of vegetable and other crops
References
3. Factors Governing Postharvest Diseases
3.1. Pre harvest and postharvest infections
3.2. Factors affecting postharvest diseases
References
4. Storage Conditions and Food Safety Issues
4.1. Packing and storage environments
4.2. Effect of storage environment on postharvest decay
4.3. Temperature and relative humidity management
4.4. Refrigerated transport and storage
4.5. Treatments to reduce microbial contamination
4.6. Modified atmosphere storage
4.7. Ethylene exclusion and removal
4.8. Postharvest care
4.9. Storage environment
4.10. Food safety issues
4.10.1. Regulation for minimizing pathogen contamination
4.10.2. Pre-harvest food safety: WHO Report
4.10.3. Future areas for improving management practices
4.10.4. Future directions at National and International levels
References
5. Quiescence in Postharvest Pathogens
5.1. Quiescence
5.2. Quiescent stages
5.3. Quiescence and postharvest disease development
5.4. Mechanism of pathogenesis during postharvest decay
5.5. Importance of pH in quiescence
5.6. Genomic and transcriptomic studies of host factors that modulate quiescence in plant-fungal interactions
5.7. Managing quiescent infections
References
6. Mycotoxins
6.1. Major mycotoxins
6.1.1. Aflatoxins
6.1.2. Citrinin
6.1.3. Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin)
6.1.4. Ergot alkaloids
6.1.5. Fumonisins
6.1.6. Ochratoxin
6.1.7. Patulin
6.1.8. Trichothecenes
6.1.9. Zearalenone
6.1.10. Cyclopiazonic acid
6.1.11. Penitrem
6.1.12. T-2 toxin
6.1.13. Other mycotoxins and purported mycotoxicoses
6.2. Mycoses and Mycotoxicoses
6.2.1. Mycotoxins and human health
6.2.2. Fungalbionics
6.3. Bioterrorism
6.4. Symptoms and diagnosis
6.5. Management of mycotoxins
6.5.1. Pre harvest management of mycotoxins
6.5.2. Postharvest management of mycotoxins
6.5.3. Inactivation of mycotoxins
6.5.4. Chemical methods
6.5.5. Biomanagement
References
7. Postharvest Disease Management
7.1. Principles of postharvest disease management
7.2. Management strategies
7.3. Postharvest treatments designed to minimize produce contamination and to maximize quality
7.4. Postharvest care
7.5. The nature of postharvest management
7.6. Postharvest treatments
7.6.1. Chlorination
7.6.2. Ethylene inhibitors/Thermal / fungicide treatments
7.6.3. Fumigation
7.6.4. Irradiation
7.6.5. Nanopartilces and salts
7.6.6. Waxing
7.6. Biofungicides
7.7. Managing quiescent infections
7.8. Biofumigation
7.9. Natural microbial antagonists
7.10. Chemical fungicides
7.11. Bactericides
7.12. Alternative eco-friendly approaches
7.12.1. Nanoparticles
7.12.2. Chitosan
7.12.3. Essential oils
7.12.4. Plant extracts
7.12.5. Acetic acid, peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide
7.12.6. Salts
7.12.7. Jasmonic and salicylic acid
7.12.8. Coatings and edible film from natural sources
7.12.9. Ultrasound
7.12.10. Fogging
7.12.11. Plant latex
7.12.12. Seaweed extracts
7.12.13. Photosensitization
7.12.14. Biomolecules
References
8. Integrated Management of Postharvest Diseases
8.1. Categories
8.2. Management options
8.3. Postharvest IDM Tools
8.4. Integrated approach in a nut shell
8.5. Holistic approach
8.6. Integrated management in stored grains
References
9. Postharvest Nematode Diseases and Their Management
9.1. General characteristics of phytonematodes
9.2. Major nematodes of postharvest significance:
9.2.1. Cyst nematodes of potato (Globodera rostochiensis & G. pallida)
9.2.2. Potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor)
9.2.3. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
9.2.4. Burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) & Spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus multicinctus)
9.2.5. Seed gall nematode (Anguina tritici)
9.2.6. Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae)
9.2.7. Nematodes infesting rice
9.2.8. Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.)
9.2.9. Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)
9.2.10. Mushroom nematodes (Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Aphelenchoides composticola)
9.2.11. Red ring nematode of coconut (Rhadinaphelenchus / Bursaphelenchus cocophilus)
9.2.12. Cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.)
9.2.13. Stem & bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci)
9.3. Symptoms of major postharvest nematode diseases
References
10. Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Postharvest Diseases
10.1. Postharvest disease development
10.1.1. Botrytis and Colletotrichum Models
10.1.2. S trawberry-Botrytis cinerea pathosystem
10.1.3. Unripe fruit tolerance and changes occurring during ripening
10.2. Host factors modulating postharvest fungal development
10.3. Pathogen-modified factors present in the host
10.4. Natural host factors affecting the pathogen
10.4.1. Phytohormones
10.4.2. Jasmonate-salicylate crosstalk
10.4.3. Not only SA and JA crosstalk
10.4.4. Ethylene dual role in ripening and defense response
10.4.5 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) role
10.4.6. Cuticle and fatty acid biosynthesis
10.4.7. Cell wall remodeling and soluble sugar accumulation
10.4.8. Cell wall modifications
10.4.9. pH change during fruit ripening and fungal colonization
10.4.10. Preformed and inducible antifungal resistance
10.4.11. Inducible phenylpropanoid metabolism
10.4.12. Roles of extracellular proteins in pathogenesis
10.4.13. Significance of salicylic acid in postharvest physiology of crops
10.4.14. Hijacking of ripening regulation by Botrytis cinerea
10.4.15. Mechanisms of defence and avoidance against Botrytis cinerea
10.4.16. Molecular aspects in pathogen-fruit interactions: Virulence and Resistance
10.4.17. New technologies for studying host-pathogeninteractions in postharvest fruit systems
References