دانلود کتاب Principles of Political Economy, Part I (Collected Works of John Stuart Mill - Vol 2)

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Front Matter......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc.djvu
Editorial Committee......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0002.djvu
Title Page......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0003.djvu
Copyright Details......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0004.djvu
Table of Contents......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0005.djvu
Introduction, by V.W. Bladen......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0023.djvu
Textual Introduction, by J.M. Robson......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0065.djvu
Prefaces......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0089.djvu
First Folio of the Text......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0098.djvu
Preliminary Remarks......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0099.djvu
Book I: Production......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0119.djvu
1. Requisites of production, what......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0121.djvu
2. The function of labour defined......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0122.djvu
3. Does nature contribute more ot the efficacy of labour in some occupations than in others?......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0124.djvu
4. Some natural agents limited, others practically unlimited, in quantity......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0125.djvu
1. Labour employed either directly about the thing produced, or in operations preparatory to its production......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0127.djvu
2. Labour employed in producing subsistence for subsequent labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0129.djvu
3. Labour employed in producing materials......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0131.djvu
4. Labour employed in producing implements......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0132.djvu
5. Labour employed in the protection of labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0133.djvu
6. Labour employed in the transport and distribution of the produce......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0134.djvu
7. Labour which relates to human beings......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0136.djvu
8. Labour of invention and discovery......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0137.djvu
9. Labour agricultural, manufacturing, and commercial......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0139.djvu
1. Labour does not produce objects, but utilities......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0141.djvu
2. These utilities are of three kinds......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0142.djvu
3. Labour employed in producing materials......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0144.djvu
4. All other labour, however useful, is classed as unproductive......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0146.djvu
5. Productive and Unproductive Consumption......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0148.djvu
6. Labour for the supply of Productive Consumption, and labour for the supply of Unproductive Consumption......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0149.djvu
1. Capital is wealth appropriated to reproductive employement......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0151.djvu
2. More capital devoted to production than actually employed in it......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0153.djvu
3. Examination of some cases illustrative of the idea of Capital......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0155.djvu
1. Industry is limited by Capital......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0159.djvu
2. Industry is limited by Capital, but does not always come up to that limit......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0161.djvu
3. Increase of capital gives increased employment to labour, without assignable bounds......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0162.djvu
4. Capital is the result of saving......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0164.djvu
5. All capital is consumed......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0166.djvu
6. Capital is kept up, not by preservation, but by perpetual reproduction......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0169.djvu
7. Why countries recover rapidly from a state of devastation......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0170.djvu
8. Effects of defraying government expenditure by loans......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0171.djvu
9. Demand for commodities is not demand for labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0174.djvu
10. Fallacy respecting Taxation......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0184.djvu
1. Fixed and Circulating Capital, what......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0187.djvu
2. Increase of fixed capital, when at the expense of circulating, might be detrimental to the labourers......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0189.djvu
3. But this detriment to the labourers seldom if ever occurs......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0193.djvu
1. Land, labour, and capital, are of different productiveness at different times and places......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0196.djvu
2. Causes of superior productiveness. Natural advantages......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0197.djvu
3. Causes of superior productiveness. Greater energy of labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0198.djvu
4. Causes of superior productiveness. Superior skill and knowledge......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0202.djvu
5. Causes of superior productiveness. Superiority of intelligence and trustworthiness in the community generally......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0203.djvu
6. Causes of superior productiveness. Superior security......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0208.djvu
1. Combination of Labour a principal cause of superior productiveness......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0212.djvu
2. Effects of seperation of employements analyzed......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0214.djvu
3. Combination of labour between town and country......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0216.djvu
4. The higher degrees of the division of labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0218.djvu
5. Analysis of the advantages of the division of labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0220.djvu
6. Limitations of the division of labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0225.djvu
1. Advantages of the large system of production in manufactures......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0227.djvu
2. Advantages and disadvantages of the joint-stock principle......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0231.djvu
3. Conditions necessary for the large system of production......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0236.djvu
4. Large and small farming compared......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0238.djvu
1. The law of the increase of production depends on those of three elements, Labour, Capital, and Land......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0249.djvu
2. The Law of Population......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0250.djvu
3. By what checks the increase of population is practically limited......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0252.djvu
1. Means and motives to saving, on what dependent......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0256.djvu
2. Causes of diversity in the effective strength of the desire of accumulation......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0257.djvu
3. Examples of deficiency in the strength of the desire of accumulation......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0260.djvu
4. Exemplificaiton of excess in the strength of the desire of accumulation......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0266.djvu
2. The law of production from the soil is a law of diminishing return in proportion to the increased application of labour and capital......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0269.djvu
3. Antagonist principle to the law of diminishing return; the progress of improvements in production......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0273.djvu
1. Remedies when the limit to production is the weakness of the principle of accumulation......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0282.djvu
2. Necessity of restraining population not confined to a state of inequality of property......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0283.djvu
3. Necessity of restraining population not superseded by free trade in food......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0286.djvu
4. Necessity of restraining population not in general superseded by emigration......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0290.djvu
Book II. Distribution......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0293.djvu
1. Introductory Remarks......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0295.djvu
2. Statement of the question concerning Property......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0297.djvu
3. Examinatino of Communism......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0299.djvu
4. Examination of St. Simonism and Fourierism......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0306.djvu
1. The institution of property implies freedom of acquisition by contract......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0311.djvu
2. The institution of property implies the power of bequest, but not the right of inheritance......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0313.djvu
3. The institutuion of property implies th power of bequest, but not the right of inheritance......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0314.djvu
4. Should the right of bequest be limited, and how?......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0319.djvu
5. Grounds of property in land are different from those of property in moveables......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0322.djvu
6. Grounds of property in land are only valid on certain conditions, which are not always realized......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0324.djvu
7. Rights of property in abuses......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0328.djvu
2. The produce is sometimes belongs undividedly to one......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0331.djvu
3. The produce is sometimes divided between two......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0333.djvu
1. Competition is not the sole regulator of the division of the produce......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0335.djvu
2. Influence of custom no rents, and on the tenure of land......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0336.djvu
3. Influence of custom on prices......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0338.djvu
1. Slavery considered in relation to the slaves......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0341.djvu
2. Slavery in relation to production......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0342.djvu
3. Emancipation considered in relation to the interest of the slave-owners......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0345.djvu
1. Difference between English and Continental opinions respecting peasant properties......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0348.djvu
2. Evidence respecting peasant properties in Switzerland......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0350.djvu
3. Evidence respecting peasant properties in Norway......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0355.djvu
4. Evidence respecting peasant properties in Germany......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0358.djvu
5. Evidence respecting peasant properties in Belgium......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0363.djvu
6. Evidence respecting peasant properties in the Channel Islands......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0367.djvu
7. Evidence respecting peasant properties in France......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0369.djvu
1. Influence of peasant properties in stimulating industry......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0374.djvu
2. Influence of peasant properties in promoting forethought and self-control......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0376.djvu
3. Influence of peasant properties in promoting forethought and self-control......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0377.djvu
4. Their effect on population......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0379.djvu
5. Their effect on the subdivision of land......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0388.djvu
1. Nature of the metayer system, and its varieties......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0393.djvu
2. Its advantages and inconveniences......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0395.djvu
3. Evidence concerning its effects in different countries......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0397.djvu
4. Is its aboliton desirable?......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0406.djvu
1. Nature and operation of cottier tenure......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0409.djvu
2. In an overpeopled country its necessary consequence is nominal rents......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0412.djvu
3. Nominal rents are inconsistent with industry, frugality, or restraint on population......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0414.djvu
4. Ryot tenancy of India......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0415.djvu
1. Irish cottiers should be converted into peasant proprietors......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0420.djvu
2. Present state of this question......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0427.djvu
1. Wages depend on the demand and supply of labour- in other words, on population and capital......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0433.djvu
2. Examination of some popular opinions respecting wages......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0434.djvu
3. Certain rare circumstances excepted, high wages imply restraints on population......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0439.djvu
4. Restraints on population are in some cases legal......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0442.djvu
5. Restraints on population are in other cases the effect of particular customs......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0444.djvu
6. Due restriction of population the only safeguard of a labouring class......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0447.djvu
1. A legal or customary minimum of wages, with a guarantee of employment......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0451.djvu
2. Such a minimum and guarantee would require as a condition legal measures for repression of population......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0453.djvu
3. Allowances in aid of wages......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0456.djvu
4. the Allotment System......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0458.djvu
1. Pernicious direction of public opinion on the subject of population......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0463.djvu
2. Grounds for expecting improvement......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0466.djvu
3. Twofold means of elevating the habits of the labouring people: by education......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0470.djvu
4. Twofold means of elevating the habits of the labouring people: by large measures of immediate relief, through foreign and home colonization......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0472.djvu
1. Differences of wages arising from different degrees of attractiveness in different employments......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0476.djvu
2. Differences of wages arising from natural monopolies......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0481.djvu
3. Effect on wages of the competition of persons with independent means of support......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0484.djvu
4. Effect on wages of the competition of persons with independent means of support......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0487.djvu
5. Wages of women, why lower than those of men......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0490.djvu
6. Differences of wages arising from restrictive laws, and from combinations......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0492.djvu
7. Cases in which wages are fixed by custom......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0494.djvu
1. Profits resolvable into three parts; interest, insurance, and wages of superintendence......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0496.djvu
2. The minimum of profits; and the variations to which it is liable......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0498.djvu
3. Differences of profits arising from the nature of the particular employment......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0499.djvu
4. General tendency of profits to an equality......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0501.djvu
5. Profits do not depend on prices, nor on purchase and sale......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0506.djvu
6. The advances of the capitalist consist ultimately in wages of labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0507.djvu
7. The rate of profit depends on the Cost of Labour......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0509.djvu
1. Rent is the effect of a natural monopoly......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0512.djvu
2. No land can pay rent except land of such quality or situation as exists in less quantity than the demand......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0513.djvu
3. The rent of land consists of the excess of its return above the return to the worst land in cultivation......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0515.djvu
4. The rent of land consists of the excess of its return above the return to the worst land in cultivation or to the capital employed in the least advantageous circumstances......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0516.djvu
5. Is payment for capital sunk in the soil, rent, or profit?......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0519.djvu
6. Rent does not enter into the cost of production of agricultural produce......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0524.djvu
Appendix to Book II......Page all_21504_to_00547.cpc0527.djvu