دانلود کتاب Principles of RF and Microwave Design

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Principles of RF and Microwave Design
Preface
Contents
Acknowledgments
Fields and Waves
Maxwell\'s Equations
Large-Scale Form and Constitutive Relations
Physical Interpretation
The Continuity Equation
Boundary Conditions on a Perfect Conductor
Boundary Conditions at a Dielectric Interface
Differential Form
Differential Boundary Conditions
Static Fields
Electrostatics
Magnetostatics
Static Fields in a Coaxial Geometry
Wave Solutions
Spectral Analysis
Maxwell\'s Equations in the Frequency Domain
Phasor Notation
Wave-Boundary Interactions
Reflection from a Conducting Boundary
Reflection and Refraction from a Dielectric Boundary
Lossy Materials
Dielectric Polarization
Magnetic Polarization
Conduction
The Skin Effect
Lorentz Reciprocity
From Fields to Circuits
Problems
References
Lumped Elements
Voltage, Current, and Kirchhoff\'s Laws
Kirchhoff\'s Voltage Law
Kirchhoff\'s Current Law
Lumped-Element Devices
Resistors
Reactive Elements
Capacitors
Inductors
Transformers
Energy and Power
Power Dissipation in Resistors
Energy Storage in a Capacitor
Energy Storage in an Inductor
Energy Transfer in a Transformer
Terminal Parameters in the Frequency Domain
Impedance and Admittance
Complex Power
Resonators
Series RLC Resonator
Parallel RLC Resonator
Loaded Q
Sources
Tellegen\'s Theorem and Its Implications
Network Reciprocity
Parasitics
Realistic Capacitors
Realistic Inductors
Realistic Transformers
Problems
References
Transmission Lines
Construction from Lumped Elements
Distributed Inductance and Resistance
Distributed Capacitance and Conductance
The Telegrapher\'s Equations
Construction from Field Equations
Separation of Variables
Relating Terminal Parameters to Field Quantities
Transmission Lines in Circuits
The Terminated Transmission Line
Stubs and Quarter-Wave Transformers
Infinite T-Lines and the Characteristic Impedance
Signal Transmission with Transmission Lines
Loss in Transmission Lines
The 50 ohm Standard
Transmission-Line Resonators
Half-Wave Resonators
Quarter-Wave Resonators
Coupling to a Transmission-Line Resonator
Printed Circuit Technologies
Microstrip Design Equations
Planar Junctions and Discontinuities
Radial Stubs
Coupled Lines
Problems
References
Network Parameters
Immittance Network Parameters
Impedance Parameters
Admittance Parameters
ABCD-Parameters
Hybrid and Inverse-Hybrid Parameters
Wave Network Parameters
Scattering Parameters
Scattering Transfer Parameters
Properties of Networks
Reciprocity
Symmetry
Antimetry
Losslessness
Passivity
A Constraint on Three-Port Networks
Signal-Flow Graphs
Principles of Signal-Flow Graphs
Decomposition Rules
Mason\'s Rule
Equivalent Matrix Form
Even and Odd-Mode Analysis
Two-Port Example
Coupled Lines
Normalization of the Scattering Parameters
Generalized Scattering Parameters
Renormalization
Parameter-Defined Networks
Gyrators
Impedance Inverters
Problems
References
Transformations and Identities
Transformations
Impedance Scaling
Frequency Scaling
Frequency Inversion (High-Pass Transformation)
Band-Pass Transformation
Band-Stop Transformation
Richard\'s Transformation
Immittance Inversion (Duality Transformation)
Identities
Delta-Wye Identity
Star-Mesh Identity
Inverter-Dual Identity
Equivalent Impedance Groups
Transformer Identities
Kuroda\'s Identities
Coupled-Line Identities
A Three-Port Transmission-Line Identity
Problems
References
Impedance Matching
Single Frequency Matching
Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio (VSWR)
The Smith Chart
Movements on the Smith Chart
Two-Parameter Matching Networks
Two Transmission-Line Matching Networks
Broadband Impedance Matching
Comparison of Two-Parameter Matching Networks
Carter Chart
Immittance Folding
The Bode-Fano Criteria
Resistance Matching
Multisection Transformers
Maximally Flat (Binomial) Matching Transformers
Equiripple (Chebyshev) Matching Transformers
Tapered Transformers
Exponential Taper
Klopfenstein Taper
Problems
References
Waveguides
Waveguide Modes
Cutoff Frequencies
Transverse Fields
Backward-Traveling Waves
Power Flow in Waveguide Modes
TE and TM Modes
Rectangular Waveguide
TM Modes
TE Modes
Charge and Current Distributions
Mode Plots
Dispersion Diagrams
Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
Losses
Modal Discontinuity Analysis
Waveguide Discontinuity Equivalent Circuits
Circular Waveguide
TM Modes
TE Modes
Modes, Dispersion, and Shielding
Losses
Waveguide Cavity Resonators
Rectangular Cavity Resonators
Cylindrical Cavity Resonators
Stored Energy in a Cavity
Quality Factors of Cavity Resonators
Other Cavity and Resonator Types
Ridged Waveguide
Double-Ridged Waveguide
Quad-Ridged and Triple-Ridged Waveguides
Coaxial Waveguide
Periodic Waveguide and Floquet Modes
Surface Impedance Approximation
Hybrid Modes
The Balanced Hybrid Condition
Fast, Slow, Forward, Backward, and Complex Waves
Dielectric Waveguides
Confinement by Total Internal Reflection
Fiber Cladding
LP Modes in Optical Fiber
Problems
References
Launchers and Transitions
Microstrip-to-Coax and CPW-to-Coax Transitions
End-Launch Transition
Right-Angle Transition
All-Planar Transitions
Microstrip to CPW and GCPW
Microstrip to Slotline
CPW to Slotline
Balanced to Unbalanced
Coax to Waveguide
Coax to Rectangular Waveguide
Coax to Double-Ridged Waveguide
Microstrip to Waveguide
Longitudinal Probes
Vertical Probes
Waveguide Tapers
Trapped Mode Resonances
Hybrid-Mode Launcher
Beam Coupling to Optical Fibers
Numerical Aperture
Beam Generation
Problems
References
Antennas and Quasioptics
Parallel-Plate Waveguide
TEM Modes
TE Modes
TM Modes
Fourier Optics
Planar Fourier Optics
Rotman Lens
Fourier Optics in Free Space
Gaussian Beams
The Paraxial Helmholtz Equation
The Gaussian Mode Solution
Terms of the Gaussian Beam Equation
Complex Beam Parameter
Ray Transfer Matrices
Rays in Gaussian Beams
Matrices for Common Optical Elements
Application to Gaussian Beams
Field Equations for Antennas
Potential Formulation of Maxwell\'s Equations
Retarded Potentials
Wire Antennas
Short Dipoles
Half-Wave Dipoles
Gain and Directivity
Radiation Resistance
Other Wire Antennas
Complementary Antennas
Half-Wave Slot
Planar Antennas
Microstrip Patch Antenna
Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA)
Horn Antennas
Pyramidal Horn
Conical Horn
Potter Horn
Conical Corrugated Feedhorn
Metrics for Directive Beams
Beam Area
Beam Efficiency and Stray Factor
Effective Area
Friis Transmission Equation
Problems
References
Flat-Frequency Components
Terminations
Printed-Circuit Terminations
Waveguide Terminations
Absorber
Attenuators
Splitters
Tee Junctions
Resistive Splitters
Wilkinson Power Dividers
Gysel Power Divider
Rectangular Waveguide Combiners
Phase Shifters
Lumped-Element High-Pass and Low-Pass
Schiffman Phase Shifters
Corrugated Phase Shifters
Directional Couplers
Coupled-Line Coupler
Multisection Couplers
Codirectional Couplers
Multi-Aperture Waveguide Couplers
Beam Splitters
Quadrature Hybrids
Branchline Hybrids
Lange Couplers and Tandem Couplers
180-Degree Hybrids
Rat-Race Hybrids
Waveguide Magic Tee
Lumped-Element 180-Degree Hybrids
Nonreciprocal Components
Physical Mechanism of Nonreciprocity
Faraday Rotation Devices
Resonant Absorption Isolators
Stripline Circulators and Isolators
Problems
References
Frequency-Selective Components
Equalizers
Lumped-Element Equalizers
Transmission-Line Equalizers
Foundations of Electronic Filters
Periodic Networks
Canonical Filter Responses
Lumped-Element Ladders
Reflectionless Filters
Topological Basis of Reflectionless Filters
Mitigation of Negative Elements
All-Pole Reflectionless Filters
Distributed Filters
Stepped-Impedance Filters
Coupled Resonators
Susceptance Slope and Band-Pass Scaling
Edge-Coupled Band-Pass Filters
General Coupling-Routing Topologies
Empirical Extraction of Couplings
Waveguide Filters
Half-Wave Resonator Waveguide Filters
Stepped-Height Waveguide Filter
Waffle-Iron Low-Pass Filter
Frequency-Selective Surfaces
Time-Domain or Pulse-Shaping Filters
Gaussian Filters
Bessel-Thomson Filters
Multiplexers
Problems
References
Amplifiers
Gain and Stability
Power Gain Factors
Oscillations
Stability Circles
Rollet Stability Factor
Geometric Stability Factors
Maximum Gains
Balanced Amplifiers
Low-Noise Amplifiers
Noise Temperature and Power
Noise Models of Two-Port Networks
Noise Parameters and Matching
Power Amplifiers
Saturated Power
Linearity
Efficiency
Multistage Amplifiers
Problems
References
Frequency Conversion
General Nonlinearity
Multipliers
Single-Element Multipliers
Selective Harmonic Suppression
Mixers
Single-Diode Mixers
Single-Balanced
Double-Balanced
Triple-Balanced
Sideband-Separating
Subharmonic
Fundamental Limits Upon Conversion Efficiency
Problems
References
Appendix A: Mathematical Identities
Trigonometric Identities
Pythagorean Identities
Sum-Angle Formulas
Double-Angle and Triple-Angle Formulas
Half-Angle Formulas
Power Reduction
Product-to-Sum Formulas (Prosthaphaeresis)
Sum-to-Product Formulas
Composite-Angle Formulas
Outphase Summation
Trigonometric Products
Exponential Forms (Euler\'s Formula)
Hyperbolic Functions and Identities
Relationships to Standard Trigonometric Functions
Pythagorean Identities
Sum-Argument Formulas
Double-Argument Formulas
Half-Argument Formulas
Sum-to-Product Formulas
Exponential Forms
Other Theorems
Binomial Theorem
Law of Sines and Cosines
Integrals
Trigonometric Integrals
Other Useful Integrals
Appendix B:
Integral Theorems
The Divergence Theorem
Stokes\' Theorem
Appendix C
Vector Identities
Appendix D:
Vector Operator Forms
Cartesian Coordinates
Cylindrical Coordinates
Spherical Coordinates
Appendix E: Delta-Wye Identities
Appendix F:
Transmission-Line Identities
References
Appendix G:
Special Functions
Chebyshev Polynomials
Bessel Functions
Recurrence Formulas
Zeros and Extrema
Asymptotic Approximations
Modified Bessel Functions
References
About the Author
Index