دانلود کتاب Process Steam Systems: A Practical Guide for Operators, Maintainers, Designers, and Educators

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Process Steam System Contents Preface Acknowledgments List of Examples List of Tables 1 Steam: a Heat Transfer Fluid Why Steam? Steam Is Safe and Flexible Steam Is Easy to Control The Concept of Steam Formation: Boiling Pressure and Boiling The Ideal Gas Law 2 The Development of Boiler Safety How It All Began The Consequences of Development Development of Asme Code Future of Steam 3 Understanding Heat Transfer Radiation-Type Heat Transfer Conduction-Type Heat Transf Convection-Type Heat Tran The Heat Transfer Equations The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U) Mean Temperature Difference (ΔTM) ΔTm for a Steam Boiler ΔTm for a Steam to Process Fluid Heat Exchanger Surface Area (m) Heat Flux 4 Steam Formation, Accumulation, and Condensation The Boiling Process Steaming Latent and Sensible Heat Versus Pressure Condensation of Steam The Formation of Flash Steam Steam Accumulation and Storage 5 Steam Quality: It Matters Why Steam Quality Is Important Poor Steam Quality Causes and Cures Steam Classifications Measuring Steam Quality Superheated Steam 6 The Steam System Design Steam System Types The Process Steam System: An Overview 7 The Steam Generator The Ideal Steam Generator Steam Generator Types Fossil Fuel-Fired Boilers Solid Fuel-Fired Boilers Electric Boilers Unfired Steam Generators Heat Recovery Steam Generators 8 Boiler Operation and Trim The Packaged Boiler Concept Fuel Delivery and Combustion Systems Low Emissions Multiple Boiler Sequencing 9 The Steam Delivery System Steam Flow Steam Distribution Piping Control Valves Steam Accumulation Steam Filtration Sensors and Meters Steam Metering Stop and Safety Valves 10 The Condensate Recovery System Condensate Line Sizing Steam Trap Applications Thermostatic Group Mechanical Group Thermodynamic Group Thermostatic Steam Trap Group Mechanical Group Thermodynamic Group Flash Steam Utilization How to Size Flash Tanks and Vent Lines Condensate Collection Electric Condensate Return System Pressure Motive Condensate Pump Pressure Motive Pump Installation Requirements Pumped Condensate Return Line Installation Surge Tank Application 11 The Feed Water System Feed Water Deaeration The Elimination of Dissolved Gases Feed Water Tanks Feed Water Tank Sizing Feed Water Pumps Feed Water Pump Sizing Feed Water Piping Feed Water-Surge Tank Controls 12 Steam System Chemistry Control Basic Water Chemistry Scale Control Fouling Control Corrosion Cont Boiler Blowdown Best Operating Practices for Boiler Blowdown Automatic Versus Manual Blowdown Controls Determining Blowdown Rate Chemical Feed Systems Chemistry Limits Steam System Metallurgy 13 Mechanical Room Considerations Codes and Standards Steam Load Profile Steam System Performance Considerations Environmental Considerations Boiler Room Utilities 14 Steam System Applications Low-Pressure Steam with High Condensate Returns High-Pressure Steam with High Condensate Returns High- or Low-Pressure Steam with Little or No Returns High-Pressure or Superheated Steam with Condensate Returns Multiple Boiler Installations Steam for Hot Water Generation Other Miscellaneous Steam-Use Application Designs 15 Specialized Steam Equipment Back Pressure Turbine Steam Hydro Heater Steam Superheaters Steam Dump Mufflers Jacketed Kettles Sterilizers Reboilers 16 Steam System Efficiency/Sustainability The System Heat Balance Boiler Heat Balance Boiler Efficiency Steam System Efficiency Boiler Internal Cleanliness Steam Delivery System Efficiency Condensate and Feed Water System Efficiency Biomass Fuel Water Content Reduction 17 Shutdown, Startup, Inspection, and Maintenance Shutdown and Startup Practices Boiler Safety Checks Maintenance and Inspection Practices Inspections Boil Out and Layup Practices 18 Troubleshooting and Commissioning Basics Startup Versus Commissioning Approach to Troubleshooting Don’t Play the Blame Game Precommissioning 19 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Steam Generator Determining Boiler Input, Output, and Efficiency Boiler Performance Test Commissioning the Boiler Burner Controls Commissioning the Boiler Pressure Control System Commissioning the Boiler Level Control System Commissioning the Boiler Blowdown Controls Steam Boiler Troubleshooting 20 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Steam Delivery System Steam Distribution Piping Control Valves Steam Piping Venting Condensate Trapping/Draining Troubleshooting the Steam Delivery System 21 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Condensate and Feed Water System Condensate Collection Feed Water System Troubleshooting the Condensate and Feed Water Systems 22 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Water Treatment Equipment Setting Up the Water Treatment Systems Troubleshooting Water Treatment System Problems 23 Sample Problem Sets Appendix A References and Reference Information Appendix B Operations, Maintenance, and Inspection Guidance Appendix C Steam System Design and Commissioning Guidance Appendix D Problem Set Answers Index EULA