دانلود کتاب Project Design for Geomatics Engineers and Surveyors

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface (Second Edition) Preface (First Edition) Acknowledgments Authors List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Part I: Overview Chapter 1 Project Design Process 1.1 Understanding Project Requirements 1.1.1 Scope, Time, and Budget 1.1.2 Design Framework 1.2 Information Gathering 1.2.1 Existing Sources 1.2.1.1 Survey Control Data 1.2.1.2 Existing Photography 1.2.1.3 Existing Maps 1.2.1.4 Plans and Legal Property Descriptions 1.2.1.5 Agency Contacts and Interviews 1.2.2 Ground Information 1.2.2.1 Reconnaissance 1.2.2.2 Surveys 1.3 Design Approaches 1.3.1 Workflow Design 1.3.2 Schematic Design 1.4 Scheduling and Cost Estimating 1.4.1 General Steps in Geomatics Projects 1.4.1.1 Steps in a GNSS Control Survey Project 1.4.1.2 Steps in a Topographic Mapping Project 1.4.1.3 Steps in a Boundary Survey Project 1.4.1.4 Steps in a GIS Project 1.4.1.5 Steps in Aerial Survey/Mapping Project 1.4.2 Project Scheduling 1.4.3 Cost Estimating Principles 1.5 Writing Proposals Bibliography Exercises Part II: Contemporary Issues Chapter 2 Standards and Specifications 2.1 Definitions 2.2 Application Modes of a Standard 2.3 Units of Measure 2.3.1 Metric Scales 2.3.2 Conversion Factors 2.3.3 Mapping Scales 2.4 Accuracy Versus Precision 2.4.1 GNSS Accuracy Measures 2.4.2 Examples of 2D Accuracy Measures 2.4.3 3D Accuracy Measures 2.5 Equipment Specifications 2.6 Limits of Closure 2.7 Least Squares Analysis 2.8 Mapping and GIS Standards 2.8.1 Map Scale 2.8.1.1 How to Interpret Numerical Map Scales 2.8.2 Map Resolution 2.8.3 Map Accuracy 2.9 Classical Surveying Standards 2.10 GPS Surveying Standards 2.11 Other Standards Bibliography Exercises Chapter 3 Professional and Ethical Responsibilities 3.1 Know What You Do 3.1.1 Typical Work Activities 3.1.2 Work Conditions 3.1.3 Qualifications 3.2 Ethics and Professional Conduct 3.2.1 Principles 3.2.2 Rule Ethics and Social Contract Ethics 3.2.3 FIG Model 3.3 Individual and Team Responsibilities 3.3.1 Regarding Your Work 3.3.2 Regarding Your Boss 3.3.3 Regarding Associates and Colleagues 3.3.4 Communicating Your Ideas 3.3.5 Staying Technically Competent 3.3.6 Managing Your Time Bibliography Exercises Chapter 4 Policy, Social, and Environmental Issues 4.1 Policy Issues 4.1.1 Professional Qualifications 4.1.2 Access to Public Information and Records 4.1.3 Mandatory Filing Requirements and Fees 4.1.4 Best Practice Guidelines, Rules, and Procedures 4.1.5 Land (Development) Policies 4.1.5.1 Local Land Use Regulations 4.1.6 Environmental Policy and Regulations 4.1.6.1 Example 1: Environmental Land Use Restrictions 4.1.6.2 Example 2: Specially Protected Areas 4.2 Social and Global Issues 4.2.1 Project Stakeholders 4.2.2 Bureaucracy and Ethical Considerations 4.2.3 Worldwide Land Registration Systems 4.3 Environmental Issues 4.3.1 Sustainable Development 4.3.2 Environmental Impact 4.3.3 Green Design 4.3.4 Case Examples Bibliography Exercises Part III: Planning and Design Chapter 5 Boundary Surveys 5.1 Introduction 5.2 How Are Boundary Lines Established? 5.3 Boundary Types and Boundary Markers 5.4 Boundary Survey Design and Procedures 5.4.1 Information Gathering 5.4.1.1 Encroachments and Gaps 5.4.1.2 Research of Land Records 5.4.1.3 Title Search 5.4.1.4 Adjoining Property 5.4.2 Analysis of Information 5.4.2.1 Monuments 5.4.2.2 Discrepancies 5.4.2.3 Fieldwork Preparation 5.4.3 Boundary Survey 5.4.3.1 Fieldwork 5.4.3.2 Office Work 5.5 Legal Considerations in Boundary Determination 5.5.1 Conflicting Title Elements Bibliography Exercises Chapter 6 Control Surveys 6.1 General Considerations 6.1.1 Project Scope and Requirements 6.1.1.1 Number and Physical Location of Project Points 6.1.1.2 The Layout of Project Area 6.1.1.3 Accuracy and Datum of Control 6.2 GNSS Control Surveys 6.2.1 Individual Site Considerations 6.2.2 Continuously Operating GNSS Networks 6.2.2.1 GNSS Processing Using Online Services 6.3 Typical Workflow of a GNSS Project 6.3.1 Station Recon 6.3.2 Existing Control 6.3.3 Equipment Inventory 6.3.4 Field Data Sheets 6.3.5 Training and Management 6.3.6 Evaluate Site Characteristics 6.3.7 Determine When Difficult Monuments Must Be Visited 6.3.8 Coordinate and Supervise 6.3.9 Work Up Detailed Observation Plans 6.3.10 Control Network Optimization 6.4 Designing a GNSS Survey Network 6.4.1 Standards and Design Criteria 6.4.2 Station Locations, Distribution, and Access 6.4.3 Plan of Project Points 6.4.4 Design by Least Squares and Simulation 6.4.4.1 Computation of GDOP and Its Effect on the Position Results 6.4.4.2 Use of Predicted GDOP Maps 6.4.4.3 Network Design Terminology 6.4.4.4 Summary of Procedures for Design by Simulation 6.5 GNSS Observation Planning and Optimization 6.5.1 Forming GNSS Baselines and Loops 6.5.2 Finding the Number of GNSS Sessions 6.5.3 GNSS Optimization 6.5.3.1 How Are the Elements of the Cost Matrix in Table 6.4 Interpreted? 6.5.3.2 Calculating the Optimal Session Schedule Bibliography Exercises Chapter 7 Topographic Surveys 7.1 General Considerations 7.1.1 Project Scope and Requirements 7.1.1.1 Sample Topographic Survey Request 7.1.2 Other General Considerations 7.1.2.1 Topographic Survey Planning Checklist 7.1.2.2 Rights-of-Entry 7.1.2.3 Sources of Existing Data 7.2 Project Control for Topographic Surveys 7.2.1 Establishing Control at a Project Site 7.2.2 Project Control Densification Methods 7.2.3 Extending Control from a Local Project or Network 7.2.4 Extending Control from a Distant Network 7.2.4.1 Using Online GNSS Processing Services 7.2.5 Approximate Control for an Isolated Project 7.3 Map Scale and Contour Interval Bibliography Exercises Chapter 8 GIS Application 8.1 Introduction 8.2 General Considerations 8.2.1 Data Requirements 8.2.2 Level of Accuracy 8.2.3 Existing Information 8.3 System Design Process 8.3.1 Selecting a GIS System 8.3.2 Designing a GIS 8.4 Input Data from Fieldwork 8.4.1 Utilizing GNSS for Fieldwork 8.4.1.1 Why Use GNSS? 8.4.1.2 Defining Data Collection Goals and Objectives 8.4.2 Basic Data Dictionary Concepts 8.4.3 Other Methods 8.4.3.1 Using Maps to Approximate Coordinates 8.4.3.2 Traditional Surveying 8.4.3.3 Digitizing Coordinates 8.4.3.4 Address Geocoding 8.5 Other Sources of GIS Data 8.5.1 Augmented Reality Informatics 8.5.2 Remote Sensing and Earth Observation Services 8.5.3 AI and Big Data Bibliography Exercises Chapter 9 Unmanned Aerial Systems Surveys/Mapping 9.1 Introduction 9.2 General Considerations 9.2.1 UAS Laws 9.2.2 Project Scale and Location 9.2.3 Mission Planning and Flight Considerations 9.2.4 Ground Control Points 9.2.5 Post-Flight Processing 9.2.6 Deliverables 9.3 Standard UAS Operating Procedures 9.3.1 Pre-Flight Operations 9.3.2 During Flight Operations 9.3.3 Post-Flight Operations 9.3.4 Emergency Procedures 9.3.5 Incident Reporting Bibliography Exercises Chapter 10 Engineering and Mining Surveys 10.1 Introduction 10.2 General Considerations 10.2.1 Fundamental Principles and Concepts 10.2.2 Common Instruments and Accessories 10.2.3 Exposition Using a Case Study on Tunnel Surveys 10.3 Transferring Controls 10.4 Considerations for Setting Out and Deformation Monitoring 10.5 Mining Surveys 10.5.1 The Future of Mining Surveys 10.5.2 Classical and Emerging Features of Mining Surveys 10.5.3 Policy, Legal and Regulatory Aspects in Mining Surveys Bibliography Exercises Part IV: Proposal Development Chapter 11 Estimating Project Costs 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Elements of Costing 11.3 Unit Price Schedules 11.4 GNSS Survey Cost Estimating 11.4.1 Sample Cost Estimate for GNSS Services 11.4.2 Sample Scope of Work for GNSS Services 11.4.2.1 Specifications and Accuracy Standards 11.4.2.2 Sample Scope of Work 11.5 Topographic Survey Cost Estimating 11.5.1 Sample Cost Estimate for Topographic Survey 11.5.2 Sample Scope of Work for Topographic Survey 11.6 Aerial Survey and Mapping Cost Estimating 11.6.1 Cost Phases of Mapping Operation 11.6.2 Sample Scope of Work 11.6.3 Sample Cost Estimate Bibliography Exercises Chapter 12 Writing Geomatics Proposals 12.1 Introduction 12.2 How to Write a Winning Proposal 12.3 Layout of the Proposal 12.4 Managing the Writing Process 12.4.1 Getting Started 12.4.2 Assigning Individual and Team Responsibilities 12.4.3 Outlining the Process 12.4.4 Incorporating Revisions and Feedback 12.4.5 Submitting the Proposal 12.4.6 Things to Avoid 12.5 Sample Proposal Format 12.5.1 Cover Letter 12.5.2 Title Page 12.5.3 Table of Contents 12.5.4 Executive Summary 12.5.5 Bios/Resumes 12.5.6 Scope of Work and Approach 12.5.7 Schedule and Budget 12.5.8 Fee 12.5.9 Related Experience 12.5.10 Appendix Bibliography Exercises Part V: Appendices Appendix A: Resource Guide for Geomatics Projects Appendix B: Sample Geodetic Standards Appendix C: Glossary of Terms Index