دانلود کتاب Psychology: Australian and New Zealand edition

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Title
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
Features list
Guide to the text
Guide to the online resources
Preface
About the authors
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY
1.1 The world of psychology: an overview
Subfields of psychology
Linkages within psychology and beyond
1.2 A brief history of psychology
Wundt and the structuralism of Titchener
Gestalt psychologists
Freud and psychoanalysis
William James and functionalism
John B. Watson and behaviourism
Psychology today
1.3 Approaches to the science of psychology
Biological approach 17 Evolutionary approach
Psychodynamic approach
Behavioural approach
Cognitive approach
Humanistic approach
1.4 Human diversity and psychology
Impact of sociocultural diversity on psychology
1.5 Studying and working in psychology in Australia and New Zealand
Psychological literacy and the Accreditation Standards: Foundational graduate competencies (Level 1)
Careers in psychology
This book
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY
2.1 Thinking critically about psychology
Critical thinking and scientific research
Role of theories
2.2 Research methods in psychology
Observational methods
Case studies: taking a closer look
Surveys: looking at the big picture
Correlational studies: looking for relationships
Experiments: exploring cause and effect
Selecting human participants for research 52 Qualitative methodology
Linkages: Psychological research methods and behavioural genetics
2.3 Statistical analysis of research results
Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
Statistics and research methods as tools in critical thinking
2.4 Ethical guidelines for psychologists
Ethical conduct with humans
Ethical research with animals
CHAPTER 3: BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGY
3.1 Nervous system
Cells of the nervous system
Action potential
Synapses and communication between neurons
Organisation and functions of the nervous system
3.2 Peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
3.3 Central Nervous System
Spinal cord
Brain
Focus on research: Manipulating genes in animal models of human disease
Cerebral cortex
Exploring the brain
Thinking critically: What can fMRI tell us about behaviour and mental processes?
The divided brain in a unified self
Plasticity in the central nervous system
Linkages: Human development and the changing brain
3.4 Chemistry of psychology
Main classes of neurotransmitters
3.5 Endocrine system
Hormones
Role of the brain
Feedback systems
CHAPTER 4: SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
4.1 Sensory systems
How we sense
The problem of encoding
Absolute thresholds: is something out there?
Linkages: Sensation and biological aspects of psychology
Signal detection theory
Judging differences: has anything changed?
Magnitude estimation: how intense is that?
4.2 Hearing
Sound
The ear
4.3 Vision
Light
Focusing light
Converting light into images
Seeing colour
Interaction of the senses: synaesthesia
4.4 Chemical senses: smell and taste
Olfaction
Gustation
Smell, taste and flavour
4.5 Sensing your body
Touch and temperature
Pain
Thinking critically: Does acupuncture relieve pain?
Proprioception: sensing body position
Focus on research: The case of the mysterious spells
4.6 Perception
The perception paradox
Three approaches to perception
4.7 Organising the perceptual world
Basic processes in perceptual organisation
Perception of location and distance
Perception of motion
Perceptual constancy
4.8 Recognising the perceptual world
Bottom- up processing
Top- down processing
Network processing
Culture, experience and perception
Linkages: Perception and human development
4.9 Attention
Directing attention
Ignoring information
Dividing attention
Attention and automatic processing
Attention and the brain
CHAPTER 5: CONSCIOUSNESS
5.1 Scope of consciousness
Functions of consciousness
Levels of consciousness
Mental processing without awareness
Thinking critically: Can subliminal messages change your behaviour?
Focus on research: Subliminal messages in popular music
Neuropsychology of consciousness
5.2 Sleeping and dreaming
Stages of sleep
Why do people sleep?
Sleep disorders
Dreams and dreaming
5.3 Hypnosis
Experiencing hypnosis
Explaining hypnosis
CHAPTER 6: LEARNING
6.1 Learning about stimuli
Habituation and sensitisation
Opponent process theory
Learnt association
6.2 Classical conditioning: learning signals and associations
Pavlov\'s discovery
Conditioned responses over time
Stimulus generalisation and discrimination
Signalling of significant events
Some applications of classical conditioning
6.3 Operant conditioning: learning the consequences of behaviour
From the puzzle box to the Skinner box
Basic components of operant conditioning 262 Forming and strengthening operant behaviour
Why reinforcers work
Punishment
Some applications of operant conditioning
Linkages: Neural networks and learning
6.4 Cognitive processes in learning
Learnt helplessness
Focus on research: An experiment on human helplessness
Latent learning and cognitive maps
Insight and learning
Observational learning: learning by imitation
Thinking critically: Does watching violence on television make people more violent?
6.5 Using research on learning to help people learn
Skill learning
CHAPTER 7: MEMORY
7.1 The nature of memory
Basic memory processes
Types of memory
Explicit and implicit memory
Models of memory
7.2 Storing new memories
Sensory memory
Short- term memory and working memory
Long- term memory
Distinguishing between short- term and long- term memory
7.3 Retrieving memories
Retrieval cues and encoding specificity
Context and state dependence
Focus on research: I could swear I heard it!
Retrieval from semantic memory
7.4 Constructing memories
Relating semantic and episodic memory: PDP models
Schemas
Linkages: Memory, perception and eyewitness testimony
7.5 Forgetting
How do we forget?
Why do we forget? The roles of decay and interference
Thinking critically: Can traumatic memories be repressed and then recovered?
Collective memories and forgetting
Prospective memory
Ageing and memory
Other interesting phenomena
7.6 Biological bases of memory
Biochemistry of memory
Brain structures and memory
7.7 Improving your memory
Mnemonic strategies
Guidelines for more effective studying
Reading a textbook
Lecture notes
Design for memory
CHAPTER 8: THOUGHT, LANGUAGE AND INTELLIGENCE
8.1 Basic functions of thought
Circle of thought
8.2 Mental representations
Concepts
Images and cognitive maps
8.3 Thinking strategies
Propositions
Schemas, scripts and mental models
Formal reasoning
Informal reasoning
8.4 Problem- solving
Strategies for problem- solving
Obstacles to problem- solving
Building problem- solving skills
Problem- solving by computer
Computer- assisted problem- solving
Creative thinking
8.5 Decision- making
Evaluating options
Biases and flaws in decision- making
Linkages: Group processes in problem- solving and decision- making
8.6 Language
How is language acquired?
8.7 Understanding intelligence
Development of language
Psychometric approach
Information- processing model
Triarchic theory of intelligence
Multiple intelligences
8.8 Testing intelligence
Intelligence tests today
Aptitude and achievement measures
8.9 Evaluating intelligence tests
Statistical reliability
Statistical validity
Linkages: Emotionality and the measurement of cognitive abilities
Innate and environmental influences on IQ
Conditions that can raise IQ
IQ in the classroom
Thinking critically: Are intelligence tests unfairly biased against certain groups?
Focus on research: Tracking cognitive abilities over the life span
8.10 Diversity in intelligence
Unusual intelligence
CHAPTER 9: MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
9.1 Concepts and theories of motivation
Sources of motivation
Instinct doctrine and its descendants
Drive reduction theory
Arousal theory
Incentive theory
9.2 Hunger and eating
Biological signals for hunger and satiation
Hunger and the brain
Flavour, sociocultural experience and food selection
Unhealthy eating
9.3 Sexual behaviour
Focus on research: A survey of human sexual behaviour
Biology of sex
Social and cultural factors in sexuality
Sexual orientation
Thinking critically: What shapes sexual orientation?
9.4 Achievement motivation
Need for achievement
Achievement and success in the workplace
Achievement and wellbeing
Relations and conflicts among motives
Linkages: Conflicting motives and stress
Opponent processes, motivation and emotion
9.5 Nature of emotion
Defining characteristics
Biology of emotion
9.6 Theories of emotion
James\' peripheral theory
Cannon\'s central theory
Cognitive theories of emotion
9.7 Communicating emotion
Innate expressions of emotion
Social and cultural influences on emotional expression
CHAPTER 10: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
10.1 Exploring human development
Genes and the environment
10.2 Beginnings
Prenatal development
The newborn
10.3 Infancy and childhood: cognitive development
Changes in the brain
Development of knowledge: Piaget\'s theory
Modifying Piaget\'s theory
Information processing during childhood
Linkages: Development and memory
The social world and cognitive development
Individual variations in cognitive development
10.4 Infancy and childhood: social and emotional development
Individual temperament
Attachment
Thinking critically: Does day care harm the emotional development of infants?
Relationships with parents and peers
Focus on research: Exploring developing minds
Gender roles
Risk and resilience
10.5 Adolescence
Changes in body, brain and thinking
Adolescent feelings and behaviour
Identity and development of the self
Moral development
10.6 Adulthood
Physical changes
Cognitive changes
Social changes
Longevity, death and dying
CHAPTER 11: HEALTH, STRESS AND COPING
11.1 Health psychology: stress and stressors
Health psychology
Understanding stress and stressors
Psychological stressors
Measuring stressors
11.2 Stress responses
Physical responses
Psychological responses
Linkages: Stress and psychological disorders
11.3 Stress mediators
How stressors are perceived
Predictability and control
Coping resources and coping methods
Social support
Stress, personality and gender
Focus on research: Personality and health
11.4 Physiology and psychology of health and illness
Stress, illness and the immune system
Stress, illness and the cardiovascular system
Thinking critically: Does hostility increase the risk of heart disease?
11.5 Promoting healthy behaviour
Health beliefs and health behaviours
Changing health behaviours: stages of readiness
Programs for coping with stress and promoting health
CHAPTER 12: PERSONALITY
12.1 Psychodynamic approach
Structure and development of personality
Variations on Freud\'s personality theory
Contemporary psychodynamic theories
Evaluating the psychodynamic approach
12.2 Trait approach
Traits versus types
Allport\'s trait theory
Five- factor personality model
Biological trait theories
Evaluating the trait approach
Thinking critically: Are personality traits inherited?
12.3 Social- cognitive approach
Historical basis of the social- cognitive approach
Prominent social- cognitive theories
Evaluating the social- cognitive approach
12.4 Humanistic approach
Prominent humanistic theories
Evaluating the humanistic approach
Linkages: Personality, culture andhuman development
Focus on research: Personality development over time
12.5 Assessing personality
Projective personality measures
Non- projective personality measures
Personality tests and employee selection
CHAPTER 13: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND TREATMENT
13.1 Defining and explaining psychological disorders
What is abnormal?
Behaviour in context: a practical approach
Explaining psychological disorders
Biopsychosocial approach
Diathesis- stress as an integrative explanation
13.2 Classifying psychological disorders
A classification system: DSM- 5
Thinking critically: Is psychological diagnosis biased?
Anxiety disorders
Linkages: Anxiety disorders and learning
Somatic symptom and related disorders
Dissociative disorders
Affective disorders
Schizophrenia
Personality disorders
Focus on research: Exploring links between child abuse and antisocial personality disorder
Additional psychological disorders
Mental illness and the law
13.3 Approaches to treatment of psychological disorders
Basic features of treatment
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Humanistic psychotherapy
Behaviour therapy
Group, family and couples therapy
Evaluating psychotherapy
Thinking critically: Are all forms of therapy equally effective?
13.4 Biological treatments
Psychosurgery
Electroconvulsive therapy
Psychoactive medications
Medications and psychotherapy
Linkages: Biological aspects of psychology and the treatment of psychological disorders
13.5 Community psychology: from treatment to prevention
Community mental health
Other factors
CHAPTER 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
14.1 Social influences on the self
Social comparison
Focus on research: Self- esteem and the ultimate terror
Social norms
Linkages: Motivation and the presence of others
Social identity theory
Social perception
14.2 Forming and changing attitudes
Forming attitudes
Changing attitudes
14.3 Prejudice and stereotypes
Theories of prejudice and stereotyping
Reducing prejudice
14.4 Interpersonal attraction
Keys to attraction
Intimate relationships and love
14.5 Social impact
Social norms
Conformity and compliance
Obedience
14.6 Aggression
Why are people aggressive?
When are people aggressive?
Thinking critically: Do violent video games make people more aggressive?
14.7 Altruism and helping behaviour. . . . . . .
Why do people help?
14.8 Cooperation, competition and conflict
Social dilemmas
Promoting cooperation
Interpersonal conflict
Group processes
Linkages: Biological and social psychology
CHAPTER 15: CULTURE AND PSYCHOLOGY
15.1 What is culture?
Dimensions of culture
Culture and identity
15.2 Psychology, culture and health
Importance of culture to health
Does \'normal\' cross cultures?
15.3 Cultural contact
Issues with cultural contact
Thinking critically: Is ethnic prejudice too ingrained ever to be eliminated?
Consequences of cultural contact
15.4 Focus on cultural and cross- cultural research methods
Cultural and cross- cultural researchers
CHAPTER 16: INDIGENOUS PSYCHOLOGY
16.1 What do we mean by indigenous peoples?
Health and wellbeing of indigenous peoples
Why is it important to differentiate indigenous peoples in the study of psychology?
16.2 Indigenous peoples of Australia and New Zealand
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
Maori peoples
16.3 What is indigenous psychology?
Indigenous psychology in Australia
Indigenous psychology in New Zealand
16.4 Working with indigenous peoples
Developing indigenous cultural competence
Psychological and mental health assessment and indigenous peoples
Focus on research: Strategies for remembering in the Australian landscape
16.5 Focus on indigenous research methods
Decolonising Australian psychological research
Decolonising New Zealand psychological research
Australian Psychological Society apology
CHAPTER 17: NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
17.1 FOUNDATIONS OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
A brief history of neuropsychology
Modules and networks
Lesion analysis
Neuropsychological assessment
Training for neuropsychology
17.2 MECHANISMS OF BRAIN DYSFUNCTION
Cerebral infarcts
Traumatic brain injury
Neurodegenerative diseases
17.3 NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Amnestic disorders
Consciousness disturbances
THINKING CRITICALLYCAN SOMEONE BE PARTIALLY PARALYSED AND NOT KNOW IT?
Perceptual disturbances
FOCUS ON RESEARCH STUDYING HEMINEGLECT
LINKAGES: LANGUAGE DISORDERS AND THE BRAIN
Movement disorders
Dementia
CHAPTER 18: BEHAVIOURAL GENETICS
18.1 THE BIOLOGY OF GENETICSAND HEREDITY
18.2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF GENETICRESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY
18.3 THE FOCUS OF RESEARCHIN BEHAVIOURAL GENETICS
18.4 GENETIC FACTORS IN PSYCHOLOGY
Genetic influences over the life span
Genes affecting multiple traits
Identifying genes related to behaviour
18.5 BEHAVIOURAL GENETICS ANDENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
CHAPTER 19: STATISTICS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
19.1 DESCRIBING DATA
The histogram
19.2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
N
Measures of central tendency
Measures of variability
19.3 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Correlation
19.4 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Differences between means: the t test
Beyond the t test
APPENDIX A: CAREERS FOR PSYCHOLOGY GRADUATES
APPENDIX B: SEARCHING PSYCHOLOGY DATABASES
NAME INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX