دانلود کتاب Psychology

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About this Book Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page About the Authors Brief Contents Contents Instructor Preface Student Success: How to Apply Psychology to Live Your Best Life Prologue The Story of Psychology What Is Psychology? Psychology Is a Science Critical Thinking Psychological Science Is Born Psychological Science Matures Contemporary Psychology Use Psychology to Become a Stronger Person—and a Better Student Review The Story of Psychology Chapter 1 Thinking Critically With Psychological Science Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions The Need for Psychological Science Psychological Science in a Post-Truth World The Scientific Method Psychology’s Research Ethics Review Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life Describing Data Significant Differences Review Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life Chapter 2 The Biology of Mind Neural and Hormonal Systems Biology, Behavior, and Mind The Power of Plasticity Neural Communication The Nervous System The Endocrine System Review Neural and Hormonal Systems Tools of Discovery, Older Brain Structures, and the Limbic System The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined Older Brain Structures The Limbic System Review Tools of Discovery, Older Brain Structures, and the Limbic System The Cerebral Cortex Structure of the Cortex Functions of the Cortex Responses to Damage The Divided Brain Review The Cerebral Cortex Chapter 3 Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind Basic Consciousness Concepts Defining Consciousness Cognitive Neuroscience Selective Attention Dual Processing: The Two-Track Mind Review Basic Consciousness Concepts Sleep and Dreams Biological Rhythms and Sleep Why Do We Sleep? Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders Dreams Review Sleep and Dreams Drugs and Consciousness Tolerance and Addiction in Substance Use Disorders Types of Psychoactive Drugs Influences on Drug Use Review Drugs and Consciousness Chapter 4 Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences Genes: Our Codes for Life Twin and Adoption Studies Temperament and Heredity Heritability Gene–Environment Interaction Review Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences Evolutionary Psychology: Explaining Human Nature and Nurture Natural Selection and Adaptation Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality Review Evolutionary Psychology: Explaining Human Nature and Nurture Cultural and Gender Diversity: Understanding Nature and Nurture How Does Experience Influence Development? Cultural Influences Gender Development Reflections on Nature, Nurture, and Their Interaction Review Cultural and Gender Diversity: Understanding Nature and Nurture Chapter 5 Developing Through the Life Span Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn Developmental Psychology’s Major Issues Prenatal Development and the Newborn Review Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn Infancy and Childhood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Review Infancy and Childhood Adolescence Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Emerging Adulthood Review Adolescence Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Review Adulthood Chapter 6 Sensation and Perception Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception Processing Sensations and Perceptions Transduction Thresholds Sensory Adaptation Perceptual Set Context, Motivation, and Emotion Review Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception Vision: Sensory and Perceptual Processing Light Energy and Eye Structures Information Processing in the Eye and Brain Perceptual Organization Perceptual Interpretation Review Vision: Sensory and Perceptual Processing The Nonvisual Senses Hearing The Other Senses Sensory Interaction ESP—Perception Without Sensation? Review The Nonvisual Senses Chapter 7 Learning Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning How Do We Learn? Classical Conditioning Review Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Skinner’s Experiments Skinner’s Legacy Contrasting Classical and Operant Conditioning Review Operant Conditioning Biology, Cognition, and Learning Biological Constraints on Conditioning Cognition’s Influence on Conditioning Learning by Observation Review Biology, Cognition, and Learning Chapter 8 Memory Studying and Encoding Memories Studying Memory Encoding Memories Review Studying and Encoding Memories Storing and Retrieving Memories Memory Storage Memory Retrieval Review Storing and Retrieving Memories Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory Forgetting Memory Construction Errors Improving Memory Review Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory Chapter 9 Thinking and Language Thinking Concepts Problem Solving: Strategies and Obstacles Forming Good (and Bad) Decisions and Judgments Thinking Creatively Do Other Species Share Our Cognitive Skills? Review Thinking Language and Thought Language Structure Language Acquisition and Development The Brain and Language Do Other Species Have Language? Thinking and Language Review Language and Thought Chapter 10 Intelligence What Is Intelligence? Spearman and Thurstone’s Intelligence Theories The Cattell-Horn-Carroll Intelligence Theory Theories of Multiple Intelligences Emotional Intelligence Review What Is Intelligence? Intelligence Assessment and Dynamics Early and Modern Tests of Mental Abilities Principles of Test Construction Extremes of Intelligence Intelligence Across the Life Span Review Intelligence Assessment and Dynamics Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence Heredity and Intelligence Environment and Intelligence Gene–Environment Interactions Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores Review Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence Chapter 11 What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Belonging, and Achievement Basic Motivational Concepts Instincts and Evolutionary Theory Drives and Incentives Arousal Theory A Hierarchy of Needs Review Basic Motivational Concepts Hunger The Physiology of Hunger The Psychology of Hunger Review Hunger Sexual Motivation The Physiology of Sex The Psychology of Sex Sexual Orientation Sex and Human Relationships Review Sexual Motivation Affiliation and Achievement The Need to Belong Achievement Motivation Review Affiliation and Achievement Chapter 12 Emotions, Stress, and Health Introduction to Emotion Emotion: Arousal, Behavior, and Cognition Embodied Emotion Review Introduction to Emotion Expressing Emotion Detecting Emotion in Others Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior Culture and Emotional Expression The Effects of Facial Expressions Review Expressing Emotion Experiencing Emotion Anger Happiness Review Experiencing Emotion Stress and Illness Stress: Some Basic Concepts Stress and Vulnerability to Disease Review Stress and Illness Health and Coping Coping With Stress Reducing Stress Review Health and Coping Chapter 13 Social Psychology Social Thinking The Fundamental Attribution Error Attitudes and Actions Persuasion Review Social Thinking Social Influence Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures Obedience: Following Orders Lessons From the Conformity and Obedience Studies Group Behavior Review Social Influence Antisocial Relations Prejudice Aggression Review Antisocial Relations Prosocial Relations Attraction Altruism From Conflict to Peace Review Prosocial Relations Chapter 14 Personality Introduction to Personality and Psychodynamic Theories What Is Personality? Psychodynamic Theories Review Introduction to Personality and Psychodynamic Theories Humanistic Theories and Trait Theories Humanistic Theories Trait Theories Review Humanistic Theories and Trait Theories Social-Cognitive Theories and the Self Social-Cognitive Theories Exploring the Self Review Social-Cognitive Theories and the Self Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders Introduction to Psychological Disorders Defining Psychological Disorders Understanding Psychological Disorders Classifying Disorders—and Labeling People Risk of Harm to Self and Others Rates of Psychological Disorders Review Introduction to Psychological Disorders Anxiety-Related Disorders Anxiety Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Understanding Anxiety-Related Disorders Review Anxiety-Related Disorders Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar Disorders Understanding Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders Review Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia Onset and Development of Schizophrenia Understanding Schizophrenia Review Schizophrenia Dissociative, Personality, and Eating Disorders Dissociative Disorders Personality Disorders Eating Disorders Review Dissociative, Personality, and Eating Disorders Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Review Neurodevelopmental Disorders Chapter 16 Therapy Introduction to Therapy and the Psychological Therapies Treating Psychological Disorders Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies Humanistic Therapies Behavior Therapies Cognitive Therapies Group and Family Therapies Review Introduction to Therapy and the Psychological Therapies Evaluating Psychotherapies Is Psychotherapy Effective? Which Psychotherapies Work Best? How Do Psychotherapies Help People? How Does Human Diversity Influence Psychotherapy? Who Seeks Psychotherapy and Who Provides It? What Are Some Important Ethical Principles in Psychotherapy? Review Evaluating Psychotherapies The Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders Drug Therapies Brain Stimulation Psychosurgery Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience Review The Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders Appendix A: The Story of Psychology: A Timeline Appendix B: Career Fields in Psychology Appendix C: Psychology at Work Work and Life Satisfaction Flow at Work Finding Your Own Flow, and Matching Interests to Work Industrial-Organizational Psychology Personnel Psychology Using Strengths for Successful Selection Do Interviews Predict Performance? Appraising Performance Organizational Psychology Satisfaction and Engagement at Work Effective Leadership Human Factors Psychology Review Psychology at Work Appendix D: Complete Chapter Reviews Prologue Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Appendix C Appendix E: Answers to the Retrieval Practice and Master the Material Questions Prologue Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Appendix C Glossary References Name Index Subject Index Notes Back Cover Copyright Title Page Dedication Contents Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you? Chapter 2: Renegade perception Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’ Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit Chapter 7: War on your mind Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it? Chapter 10: Human 2.0 Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult? Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko Postscript Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation Bibliography Index Copyright Title Page Dedication Contents Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you? Chapter 2: Renegade perception Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’ Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit Chapter 7: War on your mind Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it? Chapter 10: Human 2.0 Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult? Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko Postscript Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation Bibliography Index