دانلود کتاب Python Crash Course, 2nd Edition: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction to Programming

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Brief Contents
Contents in Detail
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Who Is This Book For?
What Can You Expect to Learn?
Online Resources
Why Python?
Part I: Basics
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Setting Up Your Programming Environment
Python Versions
Running Snippets of Python Code
About the Sublime Text Editor
Python on Different Operating Systems
Python on Windows
Python on macOS
Python on Linux
Running a Hello World Program
Configuring Sublime Text to Use the Correct Python Version
Running hello_world.py
Troubleshooting
Running Python Programs from a Terminal
On Windows
On macOS and Linux
Summary
Chapter 2: Variables and Simple Data Types
What Really Happens When You Run hello_world.py
Variables
Naming and Using Variables
Avoiding Name Errors When Using Variables
Variables Are Labels
Strings
Changing Case in a String with Methods
Using Variables in Strings
Adding Whitespace to Strings with Tabs or Newlines
Stripping Whitespace
Avoiding Syntax Errors with Strings
Numbers
Integers
Floats
Integers and Floats
Underscores in Numbers
Multiple Assignment
Constants
Comments
How Do You Write Comments?
What Kind of Comments Should You Write?
The Zen of Python
Summary
Chapter 3: Introducing Lists
What Is a List?
Accessing Elements in a List
Index Positions Start at 0, Not 1
Using Individual Values from a List
Changing, Adding, and Removing Elements
Modifying Elements in a List
Adding Elements to a List
Removing Elements from a List
Organizing a List
Sorting a List Permanently with the sort() Method
Sorting a List Temporarily with the sorted() Function
Printing a List in Reverse Order
Finding the Length of a List
Avoiding Index Errors When Working with Lists
Summary
Chapter 4: Working with Lists
Looping Through an Entire List
A Closer Look at Looping
Doing More Work Within a for Loop
Doing Something After a for Loop
Avoiding Indentation Errors
Forgetting to Indent
Forgetting to Indent Additional Lines
Indenting Unnecessarily
Indenting Unnecessarily After the Loop
Forgetting the Colon
Making Numerical Lists
Using the range() Function
Using range() to Make a List of Numbers
Simple Statistics with a List of Numbers
List Comprehensions
Working with Part of a List
Slicing a List
Looping Through a Slice
Copying a List
Tuples
Defining a Tuple
Looping Through All Values in a Tuple
Writing over a Tuple
Styling Your Code
The Style Guide
Indentation
Line Length
Blank Lines
Other Style Guidelines
Summary
Chapter 5: if Statements
A Simple Example
Conditional Tests
Checking for Equality
Ignoring Case When Checking for Equality
Checking for Inequality
Numerical Comparisons
Checking Multiple Conditions
Checking Whether a Value Is in a List
Checking Whether a Value Is Not in a List
Boolean Expressions
if Statements
Simple if Statements
if-else Statements
The if-elif-else Chain
Using Multiple elif Blocks
Omitting the else Block
Testing Multiple Conditions
Using if Statements with Lists
Checking for Special Items
Checking That a List Is Not Empty
Using Multiple Lists
Styling Your if Statements
Summary
Chapter 6: Dictionaries
A Simple Dictionary
Working with Dictionaries
Accessing Values in a Dictionary
Adding New Key-Value Pairs
Starting with an Empty Dictionary
Modifying Values in a Dictionary
Removing Key-Value Pairs
A Dictionary of Similar Objects
Using get() to Access Values
Looping Through a Dictionary
Looping Through All Key-Value Pairs
Looping Through All the Keys in a Dictionary
Looping Through a Dictionary’s Keys in a Particular Order
Looping Through All Values in a Dictionary
Nesting
A List of Dictionaries
A List in a Dictionary
A Dictionary in a Dictionary
Summary
Chapter 7: User Input and while Loops
How the input() Function Works
Writing Clear Prompts
Using int() to Accept Numerical Input
The Modulo Operator
Introducing while Loops
The while Loop in Action
Letting the User Choose When to Quit
Using a Flag
Using break to Exit a Loop
Using continue in a Loop
Avoiding Infinite Loops
Using a while Loop with Lists and Dictionaries
Moving Items from One List to Another
Removing All Instances of Specific Values from a List
Filling a Dictionary with User Input
Summary
Chapter 8: Functions
Defining a Function
Passing Information to a Function
Arguments and Parameters
Passing Arguments
Positional Arguments
Keyword Arguments
Default Values
Equivalent Function Calls
Avoiding Argument Errors
Return Values
Returning a Simple Value
Making an Argument Optional
Returning a Dictionary
Using a Function with a while Loop
Passing a List
Modifying a List in a Function
Preventing a Function from Modifying a List
Passing an Arbitrary Number of Arguments
Mixing Positional and Arbitrary Arguments
Using Arbitrary Keyword Arguments
Storing Your Functions in Modules
Importing an Entire Module
Importing Specific Functions
Using as to Give a Function an Alias
Using as to Give a Module an Alias
Importing All Functions in a Module
Styling Functions
Summary
Chapter 9: Classes
Creating and Using a Class
Creating the Dog Class
Making an Instance from a Class
Working with Classes and Instances
The Car Class
Setting a Default Value for an Attribute
Modifying Attribute Values
Inheritance
The __init__() Method for a Child Class
Defining Attributes and Methods for the Child Class
Overriding Methods from the Parent Class
Instances as Attributes
Modeling Real-World Objects
Importing Classes
Importing a Single Class
Storing Multiple Classes in a Module
Importing Multiple Classes from a Module
Importing an Entire Module
Importing All Classes from a Module
Importing a Module into a Module
Using Aliases
Finding Your Own Workflow
The Python Standard Library
Styling Classes
Summary
Chapter 10: Files and Exceptions
Reading from a File
Reading an Entire File
File Paths
Reading Line by Line
Making a List of Lines from a File
Working with a File’s Contents
Large Files: One Million Digits
Is Your Birthday Contained in Pi?
Writing to a File
Writing to an Empty File
Writing Multiple Lines
Appending to a File
Exceptions
Handling the ZeroDivisionError Exception
Using try-except Blocks
Using Exceptions to Prevent Crashes
The else Block
Handling the FileNotFoundError Exception
Analyzing Text
Working with Multiple Files
Failing Silently
Deciding Which Errors to Report
Storing Data
Using json.dump() and json.load()
Saving and Reading User-Generated Data
Refactoring
Summary
Chapter 11: Testing Your Code
Testing a Function
Unit Tests and Test Cases
A Passing Test
A Failing Test
Responding to a Failed Test
Adding New Tests
Testing a Class
A Variety of Assert Methods
A Class to Test
Testing the AnonymousSurvey Class
The setUp() Method
Summary
Part II: Projects
Project 1: Alien Invasion
Chapter 12: A Ship that Fires Bullets
Planning Your Project
Installing Pygame
Starting the Game Project
Creating a Pygame Window and Responding to User Input
Setting the Background Color
Creating a Settings Class
Adding the Ship Image
Creating the Ship Class
Drawing the Ship to the Screen
Refactoring: The _check_events() and _update_screen() Methods
The _check_events() Method
The _update_screen() Method
Piloting the Ship
Responding to a Keypress
Allowing Continuous Movement
Moving Both Left and Right
Adjusting the Ship’s Speed
Limiting the Ship’s Range
Refactoring _check_events()
Pressing Q to Quit
Running the Game in Fullscreen Mode
A Quick Recap
alien_invasion.py
settings.py
ship.py
Shooting Bullets
Adding the Bullet Settings
Creating the Bullet Class
Storing Bullets in a Group
Firing Bullets
Deleting Old Bullets
Limiting the Number of Bullets
Creating the _update_bullets() Method
Summary
Chapter 13: Aliens!
Reviewing the Project
Creating the First Alien
Creating the Alien Class
Creating an Instance of the Alien
Building the Alien Fleet
Determining How Many Aliens Fit in a Row
Creating a Row of Aliens
Refactoring _create_fleet()
Adding Rows
Making the Fleet Move
Moving the Aliens Right
Creating Settings for Fleet Direction
Checking Whether an Alien Has Hit the Edge
Dropping the Fleet and Changing Direction
Shooting Aliens
Detecting Bullet Collisions
Making Larger Bullets for Testing
Repopulating the Fleet
Speeding Up the Bullets
Refactoring _update_bullets()
Ending the Game
Detecting Alien and Ship Collisions
Responding to Alien and Ship Collisions
Aliens that Reach the Bottom of the Screen
Game Over!
Identifying When Parts of the Game Should Run
Summary
Chapter 14: Scoring
Adding the Play Button
Creating a Button Class
Drawing the Button to the Screen
Starting the Game
Resetting the Game
Deactivating the Play Button
Hiding the Mouse Cursor
Leveling Up
Modifying the Speed Settings
Resetting the Speed
Scoring
Displaying the Score
Making a Scoreboard
Updating the Score as Aliens Are Shot Down
Resetting the Score
Making Sure to Score All Hits
Increasing Point Values
Rounding the Score
High Scores
Displaying the Level
Displaying the Number of Ships
Summary
Project 2: Data Visualization
Chapter 15: Generating Data
Installing Matplotlib
Plotting a Simple Line Graph
Changing the Label Type and Line Thickness
Correcting the Plot
Using Built-in Styles
Plotting and Styling Individual Points with scatter()
Plotting a Series of Points with scatter()
Calculating Data Automatically
Defining Custom Colors
Using a Colormap
Saving Your Plots Automatically
Random Walks
Creating the RandomWalk() Class
Choosing Directions
Plotting the Random Walk
Generating Multiple Random Walks
Styling the Walk
Rolling Dice with Plotly
Installing Plotly
Creating the Die Class
Rolling the Die
Analyzing the Results
Making a Histogram
Rolling Two Dice
Rolling Dice of Different Sizes
Summary
Chapter 16: Downloading Data
The CSV File Format
Parsing the CSV File Headers
Printing the Headers and Their Positions
Extracting and Reading Data
Plotting Data in a Temperature Chart
The datetime Module
Plotting Dates
Plotting a Longer Timeframe
Plotting a Second Data Series
Shading an Area in the Chart
Error Checking
Downloading Your Own Data
Mapping Global Data Sets: JSON Format
Downloading Earthquake Data
Examining JSON Data
Making a List of All Earthquakes
Extracting Magnitudes
Extracting Location Data
Building a World Map
A Different Way of Specifying Chart Data
Customizing Marker Size
Customizing Marker Colors
Other Colorscales
Adding Hover Text
Summary
Chapter 17: Working with APIs
Using a Web API
Git and GitHub
Requesting Data Using an API Call
Installing Requests
Processing an API Response
Working with the Response Dictionary
Summarizing the Top Repositories
Monitoring API Rate Limits
Visualizing Repositories Using Plotly
Refining Plotly Charts
Adding Custom Tooltips
Adding Clickable Links to Our Graph
More About Plotly and the GitHub API
The Hacker News API
Summary
Project 3: Web Applications
Chapter 18: Getting Started with Django
Setting Up a Project
Writing a Spec
Creating a Virtual Environment
Activating the Virtual Environment
Installing Django
Creating a Project in Django
Creating the Database
Viewing the Project
Starting an App
Defining Models
Activating Models
The Django Admin Site
Defining the Entry Model
Migrating the Entry Model
Registering Entry with the Admin Site
The Django Shell
Making Pages: The Learning Log Home Page
Mapping a URL
Writing a View
Writing a Template
Building Additional Pages
Template Inheritance
The Topics Page
Individual Topic Pages
Summary
Chapter 19: User Accounts
Allowing Users to Enter Data
Adding New Topics
Adding New Entries
Editing Entries
Setting Up User Accounts
The users App
The Login Page
Logging Out
The Registration Page
Allowing Users to Own Their Data
Restricting Access with @login_required
Connecting Data to Certain Users
Restricting Topics Access to Appropriate Users
Protecting a User’s Topics
Protecting the edit_entry Page
Associating New Topics with the Current User
Summary
Chapter 20: Styling and Deploying an App
Styling Learning Log
The django-bootstrap4 App
Using Bootstrap to Style Learning Log
Modifying base.html
Styling the Home Page Using a Jumbotron
Styling the Login Page
Styling the Topics Page
Styling the Entries on the Topic Page
Deploying Learning Log
Making a Heroku Account
Installing the Heroku CLI
Installing Required Packages
Creating a requirements.txt File
Specifying the Python Runtime
Modifying settings.py for Heroku
Making a Procfile to Start Processes
Using Git to Track the Project’s Files
Pushing to Heroku
Setting Up the Database on Heroku
Refining the Heroku Deployment
Securing the Live Project
Committing and Pushing Changes
Setting Environment Variables on Heroku
Creating Custom Error Pages
Ongoing Development
The SECRET_KEY Setting
Deleting a Project on Heroku
Summary
Afterword
Appendix A: Installation and Troubleshooting
Python on Windows
Finding the Python Interpreter
Adding Python to Your Path Variable
Reinstalling Python
Python on macOS
Installing Homebrew
Installing Python
Python on Linux
Python Keywords and Built-in Functions
Python Keywords
Python Built-in Functions
Appendix B: Text Editors and IDEs
Customizing Sublime Text Settings
Converting Tabs to Spaces
Setting the Line Length Indicator
Indenting and Unindenting Code Blocks
Commenting Out Blocks of Code
Saving Your Configuration
Further Customizations
Other Text Editors and IDEs
IDLE
Geany
Emacs and Vim
Atom
Visual Studio Code
PyCharm
Jupyter Notebooks
Appendix C: Getting Help
First Steps
Try It Again
Take a Break
Refer to This Book’s Resources
Searching Online
Stack Overflow
The Official Python Documentation
Official Library Documentation
r/learnpython
Blog Posts
Internet Relay Chat
Making an IRC Account
Channels to Join
IRC Culture
Slack
Discord
Appendix D: Using Git for Version Control
Installing Git
Installing Git on Windows
Installing Git on macOS
Installing Git on Linux
Configuring Git
Making a Project
Ignoring Files
Initializing a Repository
Checking the Status
Adding Files to the Repository
Making a Commit
Checking the Log
The Second Commit
Reverting a Change
Checking Out Previous Commits
Deleting the Repository
Index
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