دانلود کتاب Quantum Computing: From Alice to Bob

فهرست مطالب :

Cover Titlepage Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 1.1 Meet Alice, Bob, and Cardy 1.2 What's the Big Deal about Quantum Computing? 1.3 A Brief Preview 1.4 How to Use This Book: Encouragement and Coaching Further Reading 2 Traditional Computing 2.1 Traditional Computing versus Quantum Computing 2.2 Binary Digits 2.3 Logic Gates and Truth Tables Chapter Summary Further Reading 3 Traditional Bits in New Clothing 3.1 Quick Review 3.2 State Symbols 3.3 State Vectors 3.4 Gates as Matrices Chapter Summary Further Reading 4 Qubits and Quantum States 4.1 What Is a Qubit? 4.2 What Is a Quantum State? 4.3 Quantum States and Quantum Computers 4.4 Quantum States and State Space 4.5 Polarized Light 4.6 Photons 4.7 Ordinary Vectors 4.8 Back to Polarized Light 4.9 Orthogonality of Two-State Vectors Chapter Summary Further Reading 5 Quantum Measurements 5.1 Quantum Measurements: What Are They? 5.2 Light Intensity from a Two-Polarizer Setup 5.3 State Amplitudes and Probabilities 5.4 State Preparation Chapter Summary Further Reading Online videos 6 Quantum Gates and Quantum Circuits 6.1 What is a Quantum Gate? 6.2 Single-Qubit Quantum Gates 6.3 Successive Quantum Gates 6.4 Mathematical Interlude 6.5 Successive Application of the Same Quantum Gate 6.6 Measurement Devices are not Reversible Chapter Summary Further Reading 7 Putting a Spin on Spin 7.1 Quantum Spin Systems 7.2 Representations of Spin-1/2 Systems 7.3 Quantum Gates and Spin-1/2 Systems Chapter Summary Further Reading 8 Your Basis, My Basis 8.1 Taking Stock 8.2 Changing Basis States 8.3 Changing Quantum Basis States 8.4 Three Basis Sets: 0, 60, and -60 8.5 Dot and Inner Products of State Vectors 8.6 Spin-1/2 States 8.7 General Basis State Transformations 8.8 The Three-Polarizing-Sheets Experiment 8.9 A "Minus 1'' Mystery 8.10 Bennett–Brassard-84 Encryption Protocol Chapter Summary Further Reading 9 Multi-Qubit Systems, Entanglement, and Quantum Weirdness 9.1 Two-Qubit Quantum States 9.2 General Two-Qubit States 9.3 Two-Qubit Basis Vectors are Orthogonal 9.4 Single Qubits and Product States 9.5 Quantum Entanglement 9.6 Generalized Born Rule and Entanglement 9.7 Entanglement and the States of Just One of the Qubits 9.8 More on Entangled States 9.9 Changing Basis States for Two-Qubit States 9.10 Two Qubits and Three Measurement Bases Chapter Summary Further Reading 10 Quantum Circuits and Multi-Qubit Applications 10.1 Two-Qubit Gates 10.2 CNOT Gates 10.3 Quantum Circuits (Quantum Gate Arrays) 10.4 The Bell Circuit 10.5 The Reverse Bell Circuit 10.6 Entanglement Swapping 10.7 No-Cloning Theorem 10.8 Superdense Coding 10.9 Quantum State Teleportation 10.10 SWAP Gates Chapter Summary Further Reading 11 Quantum Computing Algorithms 11.1 Welcome to the Quantum Algorithm Zoo 11.2 The Deutsch Algorithm 11.3 Implementing Uf with Simple Quantum Gates 11.4 The Simon Search Algorithm 11.5 Multi-Qubit Hadamard Gates Chapter Summary Further Reading 12 More Quantum Algorithms 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Grover Search Algorithm 12.3 Error Correction 12.4 Quantum Computational Chemistry Chapter Summary Further Reading 13 RSA Encryption and the Shor Factoring Algorithm 13.1 RSA Encryption and Factoring 13.2 Number Theory Warm-Up 13.3 The RSA Algorithm 13.4 The Shor Factoring Algorithm 13.5 Connecting Periodic Functions and Factoring 13.6 Period Finding and Fourier Analysis 13.7 Quantum Fourier Analysis 13.8 Modular Exponentiation 13.9 Greatest Common Divisor Chapter Summary Further Reading 14 Fundamental Quantum Issues 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Bell's Theorem and Quantum Weirdness 14.3 The Measurement Problem 14.4 Measurement and Decoherence 14.5 The Relationship between Classical and Quantum Computing 14.6 Entanglement and Quantum Measurements 14.7 Entanglement and Correlations of Measurement Outcomes 14.8 Another Look at Averages in Quantum Mechanics 14.9 Where is h? Chapter Summary Further Reading 15 Complexifying Quantum States 15.1 Complex Numbers and Variables 15.2 Complex Exponentials 15.3 Quantum Fourier Transform 15.4 Relative Phases in Quantum States 15.5 The Bloch Sphere Chapter Summary Further Reading 16 Present and Future QIS and QC 16.1 QC and QIS Overview 16.2 Programming Quantum Computers 16.3 Physics of Qubits 16.4 Quantum Information Science and the Quantum Internet 16.5 Quantum Computing and Machine Learning 16.6 Alternative Quantum Computer Architectures 16.7 Ethical Issues 16.8 Preparing for Your Quantum Career 16.9 Grand Finale Chapter Summary Further Reading Open-Access Resources QIS and QC Overview Programming Quantum Computers Physics of Qubits Quantum Internet Alternative QC Architectures Ethical Issues Quantum Education People in QIS and QC Quantum Toolkit Index