دانلود کتاب Quo Vadis Common Fisheries Policy?

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Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 15
Acknowledgments......Page 17
Disclaimer......Page 19
A distributional policy......Page 21
Policy change vs. policy stability......Page 22
Legal change vs. policy change......Page 24
Does the CFP change too much or too little?......Page 26
Policy rigidity vs. policy flexibility: why is the CFP so rigid?......Page 27
Policy implementation and policy change: the challenge of implementing the 2013 reform......Page 28
The CFP\'s legendary bad press......Page 29
The notion of “policy success” in fisheries management......Page 30
Policy results: how good are they?......Page 33
Improving reporting of policy performance......Page 38
If the CFP is not so bad, why advocating policy change?......Page 42
References......Page 43
Introduction......Page 45
The objectives in Article 39 of the Treaty......Page 46
Other legal principles applicable to the CFP......Page 47
Policy objectives in other countries......Page 48
The United States......Page 49
Australia......Page 50
Norway......Page 51
Is under‐exploitation positive?......Page 52
The example of the US......Page 53
Under‐exploitation in the EU?......Page 54
Under‐exploitation vs. over‐exploitation......Page 56
The effects on land: is livestock production better than fishing?......Page 57
The public debate......Page 58
The lessons from the US system......Page 59
Socio‐economic objectives vs. biological delivery: should the policy establish specific socio‐economic targets?......Page 60
References......Page 61
Defining MSY......Page 63
MSY in international law......Page 64
Is maximum economic yield a better option?......Page 65
An area around MSY......Page 66
Introduction......Page 67
Bmsy as an “aspirational objective”......Page 69
Single stock objectives in the marine ecosystems: can all stocks be “above Bmsy” in mixed fisheries?......Page 70
The US system......Page 71
Proxies for data‐poor fisheries......Page 72
Fmsy as a target or as a limit?......Page 73
The notion of risk in fishery management......Page 74
Background......Page 75
The case for fishing mortality ranges......Page 76
F ranges and the choke species problem: the Baltic precedent......Page 78
The consolidation of F ranges......Page 79
Should all plans reproduce that precedent?......Page 80
Introduction......Page 81
Which stocks to manage?......Page 82
Are the EU‐managed stocks the right ones?......Page 83
Problem stocks......Page 86
References......Page 87
Can MSY be achieved for all stocks in mixed fisheries?......Page 91
Choke species: some experience outside the EU......Page 92
Choke species under the new CFP......Page 93
What potential for multispecies models?......Page 95
Pretty good yield......Page 96
The Fcube model......Page 97
Managing stock aggregates?......Page 98
How much can we sacrifice weak stocks?......Page 99
An ecological cap on TACs?......Page 100
Trophic models......Page 101
Multispecies models and trade‐offs: is multispecies management compatible with relative stability?......Page 102
Is multispecies management compatible with the objectives of the CFP?......Page 103
The US experience in dissociating stocks......Page 104
How to dissociate stocks in mixed fisheries in the EU?......Page 105
References......Page 108
Time to catch‐up......Page 111
The status of Mediterranean fisheries......Page 112
Sustainable overfishing?......Page 113
The Mediterranean specificity......Page 114
Global warming: a game‐changer......Page 115
The point of departure......Page 116
What stocks to manage in the Mediterranean?......Page 117
Avoiding “cut and paste” approaches......Page 118
A fishery approach?......Page 119
The need for a “client” for the scientific community......Page 120
Data poor stocks and MSY proxies......Page 121
Revising stock boundaries......Page 122
What instruments to use in Mediterranean fisheries?......Page 123
TACs......Page 124
Closed areas......Page 125
Mesh sizes......Page 126
The transition: a buy‐out scheme for Mediterranean fisheries......Page 127
References......Page 128
Discarding in the CFP: how much? Why?......Page 131
The 2013 policy on discards......Page 132
A critique of the landing obligation of 2013......Page 133
Discards and direct human consumption......Page 134
The US case......Page 135
Norway......Page 136
Biological effects......Page 137
Economic effects......Page 138
Relative stability as a contributor to choke species......Page 140
How efficient is the quota swap system?......Page 141
Are quota swaps increasing to facilitate the discard ban?......Page 142
Can quota swaps be enhanced?......Page 143
The survival exemption......Page 144
Ex‐ante and ex‐post quota adjustments: banking and borrowing......Page 145
TAC uplifts......Page 146
Working on the fringes of relative stability?......Page 147
Other possible mechanisms......Page 148
By‐catch avoidance: mitigation......Page 149
Controlling the landing obligation......Page 151
What to do with unwanted fish?......Page 154
The need for monitoring......Page 155
Is the landing obligation economically viable?......Page 156
References......Page 157
The limits of TACs as an instrument......Page 161
Effort management......Page 162
The Faroese system as an example......Page 163
The experience of effort management in the CFP......Page 164
Effort management and technological creep......Page 167
The potential for a (different) effort management in the CFP......Page 168
The objectives of TCM......Page 169
The difficulty in increasing selectivity......Page 170
Technical measures in the new CFP......Page 171
Closed areas/seasons......Page 172
Minimum conservation reference sizes......Page 175
Technical measures and the landing obligation......Page 177
References......Page 178
Introduction......Page 181
Incorporating environmental concerns into the CFP......Page 182
Overlapping legislation......Page 183
Sharks: protect or manage?......Page 188
Shark finning......Page 189
Some ideas on management......Page 190
Fishing: the evil of the seas?......Page 191
Does sustainable fishing increase productivity?......Page 193
How to measure biodiversity: existing indicators......Page 194
Protecting biodiversity on land as a comparison......Page 195
Marine Protected Areas: the ultimate instrument?......Page 197
How to evaluate the preservation of biodiversity: the notion of ecosystem services......Page 198
The ecosystem approach......Page 199
The ecosystem approach and the CFP......Page 200
Ecosystem‐based fisheries management......Page 201
A test case: managing forage fish......Page 202
What future for ecosystem‐based management in the CFP?......Page 203
Is selective fishing always a good idea?......Page 204
The notion of “balanced harvest”......Page 205
References......Page 206
Introduction......Page 211
The balance between discipline and flexibility......Page 212
Can the CFP be more flexible? The notion of “level playing field” in the CFP......Page 213
The example of the US: a regionalized fisheries policy......Page 214
Regionalization of the CFP: the experience of discard plans......Page 215
The example of the US: what can we learn from the US Regional Councils?......Page 216
The EU\'s Advisory Councils\' structure and composition: are they equipped to do their job?......Page 219
Are the ACs worth the investment?......Page 220
The role of Producer Organizations......Page 221
Environmental NGOs and the CFP......Page 222
NGOs and legitimacy: funding......Page 223
NGOs and their influence......Page 224
NGOs and Advisory Councils......Page 225
The new CFP and fisheries science......Page 226
Improving scientific advice......Page 227
Data and science......Page 228
Streamlining the evaluation process: stock prioritization......Page 229
Science and the management system......Page 230
Economic advice......Page 233
Science in the information age......Page 234
The case of MSC......Page 235
Other certification systems......Page 236
Public or private labels?......Page 237
Governance in the reformed CFP: the example of multiannual plans......Page 238
Multiannual plans and the role of the institutions......Page 239
How has co‐decision fared for the CFP?......Page 240
Addressing variability and uncertainty......Page 242
Spatial dynamics......Page 244
A governance system that quickly incorporates variability......Page 245
How to make the CFP more adaptive to variability and uncertainty?......Page 246
Policy monitoring: from description to causality......Page 247
Is policy complexity inevitable?......Page 248
The evolution of the decision‐making workflow in the CFP......Page 249
The example of the US......Page 250
Can guidelines replace regulations in the CFP?......Page 251
Does the CFP have the structures for collaborative management?......Page 252
Creating trust......Page 253
References......Page 254
Introduction......Page 257
The EU as the crucial actor in international fisheries governance......Page 258
The external dimension of the CFP and international governance......Page 259
Marine Protected Areas: the miracle instrument?......Page 260
MPAs: what objectives?......Page 261
The Aichi targets......Page 262
The notion of “ocean grabbing”......Page 263
The ultimate MPA: a ban on high seas fishing?......Page 264
A ban on high seas trawling?......Page 265
International fisheries governance: a rich country\'s agenda?......Page 266
Fight against poverty......Page 267
Access to fishing rights......Page 268
Large‐scale MPAs and developing countries......Page 269
The Kobe process......Page 270
A key factor: the allocation of fishing rights......Page 271
Introduction......Page 272
A multilateral IUU policy......Page 273
What future for the fight against IUU fishing?......Page 274
The necessary improvements......Page 275
The changes in the traditional status quo of the oceans......Page 279
The emergent fishing nations......Page 280
References......Page 281
Rights‐based management......Page 285
Is rights‐based management good or bad?......Page 286
Why did TFCs fail in the 2013 reform?......Page 287
The experience of third countries......Page 288
The experience of some EU Member States......Page 291
Is there a market of fishing rights in the EU?......Page 292
Small‐scale fisheries: no specific policy......Page 293
Defining small‐scale fishing: more difficult than it seems......Page 294
The comparative impacts of small‐scale vs. large‐scale fishing......Page 295
What can we learn from aboriginal fishing rights?......Page 296
The dichotomy between EU policy and national control......Page 297
Harmonization of sanctions?......Page 298
The control of the landing obligation: a test case......Page 299
The management system: is cost‐recovery possible in the CFP?......Page 300
Is self‐control an option?......Page 301
Fleet policy in the 2013 reform......Page 302
Are capacity ceilings limiting anything?......Page 303
Is there a case for fleet policy?......Page 304
…and some negatives......Page 305
The structural measures of the US as a point for reflection......Page 306
References......Page 307
The Pauly/Hilborn controversy......Page 309
So, who is right and who is wrong?......Page 311
The case of the EU......Page 313
Does fisheries management work?......Page 314
Are the land‐based alternatives better? Protein from livestock......Page 315
A question of equity: the notion of “leakage”......Page 316
Fisheries: a key component of future diets......Page 317
Aquaculture and capture fisheries: are they compatible?......Page 318
Is aquaculture ecologically sustainable?......Page 319
Employment at sea......Page 322
Why the structure of property matters......Page 324
Climate change and fisheries management......Page 325
Global warming and the oceans......Page 326
Global warming and food production......Page 327
The effects of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture......Page 328
How to address the problem: the case of Alaska......Page 329
Distribution and incorporation to the food chain......Page 330
What to do?......Page 331
The influence of the information society on policy making......Page 332
The bad image of industrial fishing......Page 333
References......Page 334
Emerging challenges and the value of long‐term strategic thinking......Page 337
The evidence of climate change in EU fisheries......Page 338
The consequences of climate change in the CFP......Page 340
A strategic plan to adapt the CFP to climate change......Page 341
More food from the sea......Page 343
Some background......Page 344
Are there untapped fish resources?......Page 346
Changing the policy paradigm: a policy based on exploiting the surplus of the marine ecosystem, not individual stocks......Page 347
The wider notion of fisheries management......Page 348
The challenge of science vs. social influence......Page 349
Bridging the chasm: a “new deal” between the fishing industry and environmental NGOs?......Page 350
Recreational fisheries in Europe......Page 351
The US case......Page 352
References......Page 353
New elements of a vision of the future CFP......Page 355
New policy objectives......Page 356
A more flexible, adaptive CFP......Page 357
A new legislative culture: concentrating on political objectives, not on micro‐management......Page 358
The future of regionalization......Page 359
Creating breathing space for the ACs......Page 360
A new structure for an enhanced role for the Advisory Councils......Page 361
Why question the CFP\'s cornerstone?......Page 362
Are individual annual quotas under relative stability biologically and economically rational?......Page 363
An enhanced market of fishing rights among Member States......Page 364
A European market of fishing rights? The case of milk quotas......Page 365
Evolution through adjustment......Page 367
A revamping of relative stability: from single‐stock shares to combined shares......Page 370
Should the CFP manage recreational fishing?......Page 371
What future for the fishery structural funds?......Page 372
What structural funds for the future CFP?......Page 373
Introducing market mechanisms in the CFP?......Page 376
A specific policy for small‐scale fishing?......Page 377
New objectives......Page 378
Policy changes not requiring legislative change......Page 379
References......Page 380
Glossary......Page 383
Abbreviations......Page 385
Index......Page 387
EULA......Page 389