دانلود کتاب Radiation Oncology in Palliative Cancer Care

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Title page......Page 5
Copyright page......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributor list......Page 17
Foreword......Page 21
PART 1: General principles of radiation oncology......Page 25
The early years......Page 27
Fractionation......Page 30
Advances in radiotherapy technique: the 1950s and 1960s......Page 31
Fractionation revisited: explicit palliation......Page 34
Prognostication and tailoring palliative radiotherapy to anticipated survival......Page 35
Conclusion......Page 36
References......Page 37
Direct and indirect effect of radiation......Page 39
Shape of the cell survival curves......Page 41
Interaction of cell cycle and radiotherapy fractionation......Page 42
Radiotherapy fractionation characteristics......Page 43
References......Page 44
Introduction......Page 46
The proliferation of linear accelerators......Page 48
The advent of intensity modulated radiation therapy......Page 49
The impact of diagnostic improvements on radiotherapy delivery......Page 50
Dosimetry......Page 51
Special considerations in developing countries......Page 52
References......Page 53
Introduction......Page 55
The determination of cure plus palliation intent versus pure palliative intent......Page 57
High grade glioma......Page 59
Lung cancer......Page 60
Genitourinary cancer......Page 61
Special considerations in developing countries......Page 62
References......Page 63
Introduction......Page 67
Issues with interpreting palliative radiotherapy toxicity data......Page 68
Fatigue......Page 69
Skin and bone......Page 72
Abdomen and pelvis......Page 73
Fatigue......Page 74
Skin and bone......Page 75
Central nervous system......Page 76
Clinical advice......Page 77
Challenges in developing countries......Page 79
References......Page 80
PART 2: General principles of palliation and symptom control......Page 85
Before the modern movement......Page 87
St. Christopher’s and the modern hospice......Page 88
Palliative care in the United States......Page 90
Global development of hospice and palliative care......Page 92
References......Page 93
Hospice care around the world......Page 96
Hospice care in the United States......Page 97
Places of care......Page 100
Palliative radiation and hospice......Page 101
References......Page 103
Who can benefit from palliative care?......Page 105
What are the goals of palliative care and what features of a palliative care program help to accomplish these goals?......Page 107
What is the evidence regarding the benefits and risks of palliative care? When should palliative care be introduced to a patient?......Page 108
Are there standards for palliative care? If so, what are the defining measures?......Page 112
How does palliative care fit in with radiation oncology?......Page 114
References......Page 116
The need for palliative care......Page 119
Radiotherapy......Page 120
Cervical cancer......Page 121
Palliative care in medical training curricula......Page 122
Leadership......Page 123
Palliative care research......Page 124
Delivery of palliative care......Page 125
References......Page 126
Pain assessment......Page 129
Analgesia ladder......Page 130
Opioids......Page 131
Anti-epileptics......Page 132
Conclusion......Page 133
References......Page 134
PART 3: Locally advanced or locally recurrent diseases......Page 137
Symptoms......Page 139
Radiotherapy......Page 140
Recurrent tumor after prior irradiation......Page 142
Hypofractionated radiotherapy......Page 143
Radiotherapy limitations......Page 144
Radioimmunotherapy......Page 145
References......Page 146
Current management of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas......Page 150
Patient selection for palliative treatment......Page 151
Use of palliative radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas......Page 154
Recurrent disease......Page 158
Chemotherapy in palliative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas......Page 159
Non-squamous cell carcinomas histologies......Page 160
Specific issues in palliation of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas......Page 161
Conclusion......Page 162
References......Page 163
Introduction......Page 169
Definitions, clinical features, and multi-disciplinary approach......Page 172
Flap recurrence after mastectomy......Page 174
Recurrence within a previously irradiated area......Page 175
Hyperthermia with or without additional radiotherapy or systemic therapy......Page 176
Bleeding......Page 177
Alternative fractionation......Page 178
Radiotherapy technique and the promise of newer technology......Page 180
Follow up......Page 182
References......Page 183
Introduction......Page 187
External beam dose fractionation......Page 189
Endobronchial brachytherapy......Page 192
The impact of emerging technologies......Page 193
Patient selection......Page 195
Economic considerations......Page 196
Conclusion......Page 197
References......Page 198
Introduction......Page 201
Treatment of dysphagia......Page 202
Gastric cancer......Page 204
Nodes at origin of the superior mesenteric artery......Page 205
Locally advanced/recurrent rectal cancer......Page 206
Special considerations in developing countries......Page 208
References......Page 209
Incidence and etiology......Page 212
Renal cancer......Page 214
Prostate cancer......Page 216
Renal cancer......Page 217
Prostate cancer......Page 218
Renal cancer......Page 219
The promise of highly conformal therapy......Page 220
References......Page 221
Introduction......Page 223
Patterns of loco-regional failures for gynecologic cancers......Page 224
Management......Page 225
Recurrence after definitive radiation......Page 230
Special considerations in developing countries......Page 231
Conclusion......Page 232
References......Page 233
Diagnoses......Page 234
Large bulky lymph nodes......Page 237
Enlarged spleen......Page 238
Chloromas (granulocytic sarcoma)......Page 239
Future directions......Page 240
References......Page 241
Introduction......Page 244
Delivery of radiation treatment......Page 245
Background......Page 246
Superior vena cava syndrome and superior mediastinal syndrome......Page 248
Bone and soft tissue metastases......Page 250
Ewing sarcoma......Page 252
Other palliative options......Page 253
Spinal cord compression......Page 254
Brain metastases......Page 255
Caring for the pediatric patient......Page 256
Special considerations in developing countries......Page 257
References......Page 258
PART 4: Metastatic disease......Page 263
Clinical implications and treatment modalities......Page 265
Pain......Page 266
Impending or pathologic fracturing......Page 273
Prognosis and choice for treatment......Page 274
Conclusion......Page 275
References......Page 277
Pathophysiology......Page 281
Clinical presentation and diagnosis......Page 282
Surgery......Page 283
Radiotherapy......Page 285
Adjuvant treatment modalities......Page 287
Promise of newer technologies......Page 288
Special considerations in developing countries......Page 289
Conclusion......Page 290
References......Page 291
Survival rates/life expectancy......Page 294
Radiotherapy treatment......Page 295
Poor prognosis patients......Page 298
Good prognosis patients......Page 299
Side effects......Page 300
Promise of newer technologies and areas of ongoing research......Page 301
Conclusion......Page 302
References......Page 303
Symptoms......Page 307
Radiotherapy treatment......Page 308
Whole-liver radiation therapy......Page 310
Systemic or regional chemotherapy in conjunction with WLRT or CRT......Page 312
Selective internal radiation therapy......Page 313
Stereotactic body radiation therapy......Page 314
Practice variation among different countries......Page 317
References......Page 318
Clinical circumstance......Page 323
Radiotherapy treatment......Page 325
Clinical circumstance......Page 326
Radiotherapy treatment......Page 329
Newer technologies......Page 330
Clinical circumstance......Page 332
Radiotherapy treatment......Page 333
Conclusion......Page 335
Skin metastases (A.H. Wolfson)......Page 336
Special considerations in developing countries......Page 337
References......Page 338
PART 5: Integration of radiation oncology and palliative care......Page 341
Challenges with the validation of palliative metrics......Page 343
Evolution of palliative care clinical trials: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group experience......Page 344
Bone metastases......Page 345
Brain metastases......Page 348
International research efforts......Page 349
References......Page 350
Introduction......Page 353
Cost-effectiveness......Page 354
Newer technologies......Page 356
References......Page 357
Introduction......Page 359
Quality measures: characteristics......Page 360
Developing quality measures......Page 362
Uses of quality measures......Page 364
Current uses of quality measures in radiation oncology......Page 365
International quality measures in radiation oncology......Page 366
Conclusion......Page 367
References......Page 368
Overview of technologically advanced radiotherapy techniques......Page 371
Stereotactic radiosurgery......Page 373
Stereotactic radiation therapy......Page 375
Spinal cord compression......Page 376
Adrenal metastasis......Page 379
Toxicities associated with palliative radiotherapy using advanced technologies......Page 380
References......Page 381
Index......Page 385
Supplemental Images......Page 403