دانلود کتاب Radiative Heat Transfer

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Cover
Contents
Preface to the Fourth Edition
List of Symbols
Chapter - 1 - Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Nature of Thermal Radiation
1.3 Basic Laws of Thermal Radiation
1.4 Emissive Power
1.5 Solid Angles
1.6 Radiative Intensity
1.7 Radiative Heat Flux
1.8 Radiation Pressure
1.9 Visible Radiation (Luminance)
1.10 Radiative Intensity in Vacuum
1.11 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Surfaces
1.12 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Gases
1.13 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Solids and Liquids
1.14 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Particles
1.15 The Radiative Transfer Equation
1.16 Outline of Radiative Transport Theory
Problems
References
Chapter - 2 - Radiative Property Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Macroscopic Maxwell Equations
2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media
2.4 Polarization
2.5 Reflection and Transmission
2.6 Theories for Optical Constants
Problems
References
Chapter -3 - Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Definitions
3.3 Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory
3.4 Radiative Properties of Metals
3.5 Radiative Properties of Nonconductors
3.6 Effects of Surface Roughness
3.7 Effects of Surface Damage, Oxide Films, and Dust
3.8 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Sheets
3.9 Special Surfaces
3.10 Earth’s Surface Properties and Climate Change
3.11 Experimental Methods
Problems
References
Chapter - 4 - View Factors
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definition of View Factors
4.3 Methods for the Evaluation of ViewFactors
4.4 Area Integration
4.5 Contour Integration
4.6 View Factor Algebra
4.7 The Crossed-Strings Method
4.8 The Inside Sphere Method
4.9 The Unit Sphere Method
4.10 View Factor Between Arbitrary Planar Polygons
Problems
References
Chapter - 5 - Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces
5.3 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces (Net Radiation Method)
5.4 Electrical Network Analogy
5.5 Radiation Shields
5.6 Solution Methods for the Governing Integral Equations
Problems
References
Chapter - 6 - Radiative Exchange Between Nondiffuse and Nongray Surfaces
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Enclosures with Partially Specular Surfaces
6.3 Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Partially Specular Surfaces
6.4 Semitransparent Sheets (Windows)
6.5 Radiative Exchange Between Nongray Surfaces
6.6 Directionally Nonideal Surfaces
6.7 Analysis for Arbitrary Surface Characteristics
Problems
References
Chapter - 7 - The Monte Carlo Method for Surface Exchange
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Numerical Quadrature by Monte Carlo
7.3 Heat Transfer Relations for Radiative Exchange Between Surfaces
7.4 Surface Description
7.5 Random Number Relations for Surface Exchange
7.6 Ray Tracing
7.7 Efficiency Considerations
Problems
References
Chapter - 8 - Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Challenges in Coupling Surface-to-Surface Radiation with Conduction/Convection
8.3 Coupling Procedures
8.4 Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient
8.5 Conduction and Surface Radiation—Fins
8.6 Convection and Surface Radiation—Tube Flow
Problems
References
Chapter - 9 - The Radiative Transfer Equation in Participating Media (RTE)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Attenuation by Absorption and Scattering
9.3 Augmentation by Emission and Scattering
9.4 The Radiative Transfer Equation
9.5 Formal Solution to the Radiative Transfer Equation
9.6 Boundary Conditions for the Radiative Transfer Equation
9.7 RTE for a Medium with Graded Refractive Index
9.8 Radiation Energy Density
9.9 Radiative Heat Flux
9.10 Divergence of the Radiative Heat Flux
9.11 Integral Formulation of the Radiative Transfer Equation
9.12 Overall Energy Conservation
9.13 Solution Methods for the Radiative Transfer Equation
Problems
References
Chapter - 10 - Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases
10.1 Fundamental Principles
10.2 Emission and Absorption Probabilities
10.3 Atomic and Molecular Spectra
10.4 Line Radiation
10.5 Nonequilibrium Radiation
10.6 High-Resolution Spectroscopic Databases
10.7 Spectral Models for Radiative Transfer Calculations
10.8 Narrow Band Models
10.9 Narrow Band k-Distributions
10.10 Wide Band Models
10.11 Total Emissivity and Mean Absorption Coefficient
10.12 Gas Properties of Earth’s Atmosphere and Climate Change
10.13 Experimental Methods
Problems
References
Chapter - 11 - Radiative Properties of Particulate Media
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Absorption and Scattering from a Single Sphere
11.3 Radiative Properties of a Particle Cloud
11.4 Radiative Properties of Small Spheres (Rayleigh Scattering)
11.5 Rayleigh–Gans Scattering
11.6 Anomalous Diffraction
11.7 Radiative Properties of Large Spheres
11.8 Absorption and Scattering by Long Cylinders
11.9 Approximate Scattering Phase Functions
11.10 Radiative Properties of Irregular Particles and Aggregates
11.11 Radiative Properties of Combustion Particles
11.12 Experimental Determination of Radiative Properties of Particles
Problems
References
Chapter - 12 - Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Absorption by Semitransparent Solids
12.3 Absorption by Semitransparent Liquids
12.4 Radiative Properties of Porous Solids
12.5 Experimental Methods
Problems
References
Chapter - 13 - Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media
13.1 Introduction
13.2 General Formulation for a Plane-Parallel Medium
13.3 Plane Layer of a Nonscattering Medium
13.4 Plane Layer of a Scattering Medium
13.5 Plane Layer of a Graded Index Medium
13.6 Radiative Transfer in Spherical Media
13.7 Radiative Transfer in Cylindrical Media
13.8 Numerical Solution of the Governing Integral Equations
Problems
References
Chapter - 14 - Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media
14.1 The Optically Thin Approximation
14.2 The Optically Thick Approximation (Diffusion Approximation)
14.3 The Schuster–Schwarzschild Approximation
14.4 The Milne–Eddington Approximation (Moment Method)
14.5 The Exponential Kernel Approximation
Problems
References
Chapter - 15 - The Method of Spherical Harmonics (PN-Approximation)
15.1 Introduction
15.2 General Formulation of the PN-Approximation
15.3 The PN-Approximation for a One-Dimensional Slab
15.4 Boundary Conditions for the PN-Method
15.5 The P1-Approximation
15.6 P3- and Higher-Order Approximations
15.7 Simplified PN-Approximation
15.8 Other Methods Based on the P1-Approximation
15.9 Comparison of Methods
Problems
References
Chapter - 16 - The Method of Discrete Ordinates (SN-Approximation)
16.1 Introduction
16.2 General Relations
16.3 The One-Dimensional Slab
16.4 One-Dimensional Concentric Spheres and Cylinders
16.5 Multidimensional Problems
16.6 The Finite Angle Method (FAM)
16.7 The Modified Discrete Ordinates Method
16.8 Even-Parity Formulation
16.9 Other Related Methods
16.10 Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
Chapter - 17 - The Zonal Method
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Surface Exchange —No Participating Medium
17.3 Radiative Exchange in Gray Absorbing/Emitting Media
17.4 Radiative Exchange in Gray Media with Isotropic Scattering
17.5 Radiative Exchange through a Nongray Medium
17.6 Accuracy and Efficiency Considerations
Problems
References
Chapter - 18 - Collimated Irradiation and Transient Phenomena
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Reduction of the Problem
18.3 The Modified P1-Approximation with Collimated Irradiation
18.4 Short-Pulsed Collimated Irradiation with Transient Effects
Problems
References
Chapter - 19 - Solution Methods for Nongray Extinction Coefficients
19.1 Introduction
19.2 The Mean Beam Length Method
19.3 Semigray Approximations
19.4 The Stepwise-Gray Model (Box Model)
19.5 General Band Model Formulation
19.6 TheWeighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) Model
19.7 The Spectral-Line-Based Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (SLW) Model
19.8 Outline of k-Distribution Models
19.9 The Narrow Band and Wide Band k-Distribution Methods
19.10 The Full Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) Method for Homogeneous Media
19.11 The FSK and SLW Methods for Nonhomogeneous Media
19.12 Evaluation of k-Distributions and ALBDFs
19.13 Higher Order k-Distribution Methods
Problems
References
Chapter - 20 - The Monte Carlo Method for Participating Media
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Heat Transfer Relations for Participating Media
20.3 Random Number Relations for Participating Media
20.4 Treatment of Spectral Line Structure Effects
20.5 Overall Energy Conservation
20.6 Discrete Particle Fields
20.7 Backward Monte Carlo
20.8 Efficiency/Accuracy Considerations
20.9 Media with Variable Refractive Index
20.10 Example Problems
Problems
References
Chapter - 21 - Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Combined Radiation and Conduction
21.3 Melting and Solidification with Internal Radiation
21.4 Combined Radiation and Convection
21.5 General Formulations for Coupling
Problems
References
Chapter - 22 - Radiation in Chemically Reacting Systems
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Coupling Considerations
22.3 Combined Radiation and Laminar Combustion
22.4 Combined Radiation and Turbulent Combustion
22.5 Comparison of RTE Solvers for Reacting Systems
22.6 Radiation in Concentrating Solar Energy Systems
References
Chapter - 23 - Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Solution Methods
23.3 Regularization
23.4 Gradient-Based Optimization
23.5 Metaheuristics
23.6 Summary of Inverse Radiation Research
Problems
References
Chapter - 24 - Nanoscale Radiative Transfer
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Coherence of Light
24.3 Evanescent Waves
24.4 Radiation Tunneling
24.5 SurfaceWaves (Polaritons)
24.6 Fluctuational Electrodynamics
24.7 Heat Transfer Between Parallel Plates
24.8 Experiments on Nanoscale Radiation
24.9 Applications
Problems
References
A. Constants and Conversion Factors
B. Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces
References
C. Blackbody Emissive Power Table
D. View Factor Catalogue
References
E. Exponential Integral Functions
References
F. Computer Codes
References
Author Index
Index