دانلود کتاب Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: The Right Balance

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Preface
Contents
About the Authors
1: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): An Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Genesis of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites in Plants
1.2.1 Superoxide Radical
1.2.2 Singlet Oxygen
1.2.3 Hydrogen Peroxide
1.2.4 Hydroxyl Radical
1.3 Chemistry and Activity of Reactive Oxygen Species
1.3.1 Superoxide Radical
1.3.2 Singlet Oxygen
1.3.3 Hydrogen Peroxide
1.3.4 Hydroxyl Radical
1.4 Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species
1.4.1 Superoxide Radical
1.4.2 Singlet Oxygen
1.5 Hydrogen Peroxide
1.6 Hydroxyl Radical
1.7 Conclusion
References
2: ROS Generation in Plant Cells Orchestrated by Stress
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Abiotic Stress and ROS
2.3 Extreme Temperature Events and Stress
2.4 Water-Deficit/Logging Stress
2.5 Salinity Stress
2.6 Nutrient Deficiency Stress
2.7 Metal/Metalloids Stress
2.8 Pesticides-Induced Stress
2.9 Light Stress
2.10 Biotic Stress and ROS
2.11 Conclusion
References
3: Oxidative Stress Triggered Damage to Cellular Biomolecules
3.1 Introduction
3.2 ROS Burst and Lipid Peroxidation
3.3 Oxidation of Proteins
3.4 ROS Induced Oxidation of Nucleic Acid
3.5 Conclusion
References
4: Senescence and Apoptosis: ROS Contribution to Stress Tolerance or Cellular Impairment
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Senescence
4.3 ROS and Senescence
4.4 Apoptosis
4.5 ROS and Apoptosis Under Stress
4.6 Conclusion
References
5: Photosynthetic Apparatus: Major Site of Oxidative Damage
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chloroplast and Photosynthesis
5.3 Photosynthesis and Stress
5.4 Light Stress and Photosynthesis
5.5 Salinity Stress and Photosynthesis
5.6 Temperature Stress and Photosynthesis
5.7 Water Stress and Photosynthesis
5.8 Toxic Compounds and Photosynthesis
5.9 Conclusion
References
6: Generation and Fate of ROS in Mitochondria
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Structure and Functions of Plant Mitochondria
6.3 ROS Production in Mitochondria Under Stress
6.4 Oxidative Damage to Mitochondrial Biomolecules
6.5 Defense Against Oxidative Damage in Mitochondria
6.6 Conclusion
References
7: Peroxisomes and ROS Under Stress Conditions
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Peroxisomes: Source of ROS Under Stress
7.3 Photorespiration Mediated ROS Generation in Peroxisomes
7.4 Peroxisomal Enzymes Generating ROS
7.5 Peroxisomal Electron Transport Chain
7.6 Regulation of ROS in Peroxisomes
7.7 Oxidative Stress in Peroxisomes
7.8 Peroxisomal ROS-Mediated Signaling
7.9 Conclusion
References
8: ROS Production and Function at Plasma Membrane and Apoplast
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Sources of ROS Generation in Extracellular Compartments
8.2.1 NADPH Oxidases
8.2.2 Peroxidases
8.2.3 Amine Oxidases
8.3 Apoplastic ROS in Cell Growth
8.4 Oxidative Damage Induced by Extracellular ROS Under Stress
8.4.1 Biotic Stress
8.4.2 Abiotic Stress
8.5 Antioxidants Maintaining Redox Homeostasis in Extracellular Compartments
8.6 Extracellular ROS Role in Signaling
8.7 Conclusion
References
9: Antioxidant Defensive Mechanisms to Regulate Cellular Redox Homeostatic Balance
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Enzymatic Antioxidants as ROS Scavengers
9.2.1 Superoxide Dismutase (EC: 1.15.1.1)
9.2.2 Catalase (EC: 1.11.1.6)
9.2.3 Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7)
9.2.4 Ascorbate Peroxidase (1.11.1.11)
9.2.5 Glutathione Peroxidase (EC: 1.11.1.9)
9.2.6 Glutathione Reductase (EC: 1.6.4.2)
9.2.7 Monodehydroascorbate Reductase (EC: 1.6.5.4)
9.2.8 Dehydroascorbate Reductase (EC: 1.8.5.1)
9.2.9 Peroxiredoxin (EC: 1.11.1.15)
9.2.10 Thioredoxin and Thioredoxin Reductase (EC: 1.8.1.9)
9.3 Non-enzymatic Antioxidants Alleviating ROS-Induced Stress
9.3.1 Ascorbate or Ascorbic Acid
9.3.2 Glutathione
9.3.3 Tocopherol
9.3.4 Flavonoids
9.3.5 Carotenoids
9.4 Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle
9.5 Conclusion
References
10: Role of Osmolytes in Alleviation of Oxidative Stress
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Amino Acids Attenuating Oxidative Stress
10.2.1 Proline
10.2.2 Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
10.3 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
10.3.1 Glycine Betaine
10.4 Sugars
10.4.1 Sucrose
10.4.2 Trehalose
10.4.3 Fructans
10.4.4 Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides
10.5 Sugar Polyols
10.5.1 Mannitol
10.5.2 Sorbitol
10.5.3 Myo-Inositols
10.6 Plant Metabolites/Compounds Attenuating Oxidative Stress
10.6.1 Phytohormones
10.6.2 Micronutrients
10.7 Conclusion
References
11: ROS as Signaling Molecule Under Unfavorable Conditions
11.1 Introduction
11.2 ROS Signaling in Plants
11.3 ROS Signaling on Plant-Pathogen Interaction
11.4 Abiotic Stress-Mediated ROS Signaling
11.4.1 ROS Signaling and Alleviation of Salinity Stress
11.4.2 ROS Signaling and Alleviation of Heavy Metal Stress
11.4.3 ROS-Mediated Tolerance to Heat Stress
11.5 Compartment-Specific ROS Signaling in Plants
11.5.1 Apoplast ROS and Signaling
11.5.2 Chloroplastic ROS-Mediated Signaling
11.5.3 Mitochondrial ROS Signal Transduction
11.5.4 Peroxisomal ROS-Induced Signaling
11.5.5 Inter-organellar Signaling
11.6 Conclusion
References
12: Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Signaling Function of ROS
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Mechanism of ROS Signaling in Plants
12.3 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade Activation by ROS
12.4 Cross-Talk Between ROS and Other Signaling Molecules
12.4.1 Dialogue Between ROS and Ca2+ Signals
12.4.2 ROS and Phytohormones Cross-Talk
12.4.3 Interplay Between ROS and RNS
12.5 Conclusion
References