دانلود کتاب Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections in the Environmental Sector of Peru

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Foreword Ackowledgements Abbreviations and acronyms Executive summary Legal instruments 1 Background and context Enforcement and regulatory governance Inspections and the regulatory policy cycle Principles of inspections and enforcement Environmental regulatory system in Peru Environmental management and regulation in Peru Mandate and functions of OEFA Introduction to the assessment and recommendations of enforcement and inspections in the environmental sector of Peru References Notes 2 Evidence-based enforcement OEFA’s use of evidence-based regulation and strategic principles Implementation of the principle in planning of inspection-related activities Main evidence sources for inspections’ planning Socio-environmental conflicts as source of evidence Complaints as source of evidence Measurements, empirical data and inherent risks as evidence to support decisions Use of indicators focusing on outcomes to inform choices Assessment Recommendations References Notes 3 Selectivity The importance of prevention in environmental protection Alternatives to state-led regulatory enforcement Environmental (private) consultants and consulting companies Other alternatives/complementary measures Assessment Recommendations References Notes 4 Risk focus and proportionality Approach to risk: guiding principles and common understanding Proactive inspections aimed at preventing risks Assessment Recommendations References Notes 5 Responsive regulation Responsive (proportionate) enforcement Consideration of the characteristics of regulated entities Effectiveness of different options Assessment Recommendations References Notes 6 Long-term vision Official vision and strategy Further mechanisms to avoid regulatory “reflex” and short-term policy swings Assessment Recommendations References Notes 7 Co-ordination and consolidation A common regime for Environmental Supervision to ensure “harmonisation” and “homogeneity” Clarification of mandates and responsibilities to achieve co-ordination Availability of tools to clarify responsibilities OEFA’s role in the co-ordination process Sharing of information and joint activities with other authorities Assessment Recommendations References Notes 8 Transparent governance Management of OEFA Measures to avoid conflicts of interest and conflicting goals Assessment Recommendations References Notes 9 Information integration IT tools to ensure data collection, availability and management of activities Data sharing Assessment Recommendations References Note 10 Clear and fair process Guiding principles, rules and processes for inspections Decision-making process and challenge possibilities Other transparency means Assessment Recommendations References Notes 11 Compliance promotion Compliance promotion: guiding principles and tools Securing compliance and “going beyond” Assessment Recommendations References Notes 12 Professionalism Professionalism of inspectors Training of inspectors Assessment Recommendations References Notes 13 Reality check Proliferation of indicators and data points Newly-introduced performance indicators Measurement of stakeholder satisfaction Assessment Recommendations References Notes 14 International experience on inspection policies and enforcement Ireland: Environmental Protection Agency Evidence-based enforcement Before the inspection Selection of the inspected units Responsive regulation Co-ordination with other agencies During the inspection After the inspection Feedback mechanisms United Kingdom: Health and Safety Executive About the Health and Safety Executive HSE’s enforcement activities HSE’s long term vision Co-ordination and consolidation Information integration Before the inspection Professionalism Risk focus and proportionality During the inspection Risk focus and proportionality Clear and fair process Responsive regulation After the inspection Information integration Lithuania: State Food and Veterinary Service Background Before the inspection Risk focus and proportionality Forward planning During the inspection Clear and fair process: inspection acts After the inspection Information integration: risk-related databases Annual evaluation References Blank Page