دانلود کتاب Remote Sensing of Turbulence

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Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Author
List of Acronyms
Chapter 1: Turbulence: Introductory Overview
1.1 Historical Remark
1.1.1 The Reynolds Era
1.1.2 The Kolmogorov Era
1.1.3 The Computer Era
1.2 Turbulent Flow
1.2.1 Introduction
1.2.2 Definition and Properties
1.2.3 Equations of Fluid Dynamics
1.2.4 Instabilities
1.3 Dynamical Systems and Turbulence
1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.2 Chaos
1.3.3 Coherent Structures
1.3.4 (Multi)Fractal
1.3.5 Self-Organization
1.4 Computational Fluid Dynamics
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS)
1.4.3 Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Method
1.4.4 Large-Eddy Simulation (LES)
1.4.5 Hybrid RANS/LES Method
1.4.6 Closing Remark
1.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Geophysical Turbulence
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic Equations
2.3 Ocean (Marine) Turbulence
2.3.1 Ocean Vertical Structure
2.3.2 Surface Turbulence
2.3.3 Near-Surface Turbulence
2.3.4 Deep-Ocean Turbulence
2.3.5 Internal Waves and Turbulence
2.3.6 Double-Diffusion and Turbulence
2.3.7 Bottom Turbulence
2.4 Atmospheric Turbulence
2.4.1 Types and Classification of Atmospheric Turbulence
2.4.2 Large-Scale Turbulence
2.4.3 Small-Scale Turbulence
2.4.4 Wind Turbulence
2.4.5 Clear Air Turbulence
2.5 Turbulent Jets, Plumes, and Wakes
2.5.1 Jets and Plumes
2.5.2 Wakes
2.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Elements of Wave Propagation Theory
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Maxwell’s Equations
3.3 Electromagnetic Waves
3.4 The Wave Equation
3.5 Wave Propagation Phenomena
3.6 Propagation through Turbulence
3.6.1 Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere
3.6.2 Stochastic Helmholtz Equation
3.7 Approximate Solutions
3.7.1 Geometrical Optics
3.7.2 Born Approximation
3.7.3 Rytov Approximation
3.7.4 Parabolic Wave Equation
3.7.5 Extended Huygens–Fresnel Principle
3.8 Scintillation
3.8.1 The Rytov Approximation – Weak Turbulence
3.8.2 Strong Turbulence
3.8.3 Aperture Averaging Factor
3.9 Imaging through Turbulence
3.10 Propagation in Time-Varying Media
3.11 Conclusions
3.12 Notes on the Literature
References
Chapter 4: Remote Sensing Tool
4.1 Introduction
4.2 A Brief Modern History
4.3 Definitions, Principles, and Objectives
4.4 Quantities in Remote Sensing
4.5 Instrument Concept
4.6 Using Satellites
4.6.1 Satellite Classification
4.6.2 Observational Parameters
4.6.3 Orbital Parameters
4.6.4 Types of Orbits
4.7 Data Acquisition
4.8 Data Assessment
4.9 Data Management
4.10 Theoretical Models
4.10.1 Classification of Models
4.10.2 Fresnel Reflection Equations
4.10.3 Macroscopic Approach
4.10.4 Wave Approach: Scattering and Emission
4.10.5 Radiative Transfer Theory
4.10.6 A Simple Image Formation Model
4.11 Conclusions
4.12 Notes on the Literature
References
Chapter 5: Turbulence Observations
5.1 How and What to Observe?
5.2 State-of-the-Art Technology
5.3 Geophysical Assessment
5.4 Satellite Image Gallery
5.4.1 Hurricane Irma
5.4.2 Jet Streams
5.4.3 Mountain Turbulence and Lee Waves
5.4.4 Atmospheric Gravity Waves
5.4.5 Atmospheric von Kármán Vortex Streets
5.4.6 Clear Air Turbulence (CAT)
5.4.7 Aircraft Contrails
5.4.8 Ocean Mesoscale Eddies, Swilling Flow, and Spirals
5.4.9 Ocean Whirlpool
5.4.10 Internal Wave-Induced Turbulence
5.4.11 Submarine Volcano Eruption
5.4.12 Plumes at Sea
5.5 Conclusions
5.6 Notes on the Literature
References
Appendix
Lyapunov Exponent
Index