دانلود کتاب Researching Communications: A Practical Guide to Methods in Media and Cultural Analysis

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Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface to the first edition
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the third edition
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Approaching research: Communications and contemporary life
Institutions
Cultural systems
Understandings and identities
Patterns of everyday life
Undisciplined study
The appliance of science: Positivism
Making sense: Interpretation
Choices and circumstances: Critical realism
Interventions and responsibilities
Chapter 2: Dealing with documentation
Taking advantage
Varieties of documentation
Primary and supplementary uses
Accessing Big Data
Using archives and collections
Working with the web
Gateways and search engines
Compiling a personal research library
Mapping existing research and debate
Getting stared: Locating sources
Media forms and contents
Everyday communications activity
International agencies
Networking
Getting down to work: Key questions
Texts and contexts
From principles to practice
Summary: Key points
Chapter 3: Selecting and sampling
Introduction: Samples and populations
Samples, populations and types of sampling
Sample error: Random errors and constant errors
Sample size
Non-response
Random sampling
Sampling frames
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified random sampling
Summary: Key points
Chapter 4: Asking questions
Introduction
Questioning styles
Question delivery
Strengths and weaknesses of questioning methods
Types of questions
Question ordering
Questions to avoid
Summary: Key points
Chapter 5: Handling numbers
Why you need to know about numbers
Levels of measurement
Data visualization: A new frontier?
Inferential statistics: Using numbers to ask wider questions
Cross-tabulations and multivariate analysis
Summary: Key points
Answers to Box 5.1
Chapter 6: Counting contents
Content analysis
Summary: Key points
Chapter 7: Analysing texts
Against academic apartheid
Semiotic analysis
Discourse analysis
Frame analysis
Summary: Key points
Chapter 8: Unpacking news
A sample news analysis
Guide to our method of operation
The limitations of textual analysis
Summary: Key points
Chapter 9: Viewing the image
From texts to images and back again
The camera: An unerring eye?
Icon, index and symbol
The photographic image
Cameraworks: Images and experiences
Images and words
Multimodal analysis: ‘All together now’
Being realistic
Altered images, digital deceptions
Moving images: From frames to flows
Images and sounds
Machine manipulations: Deep fakes
Summary: Key points
Chapter 10: Interpreting images
Case study 1: Everybody look what’s going down
Seeming to see
Case study 2: Watching the news
Texts and pretexts
A summary of our analytical steps
Summary: Key points
Chapter 11:Being an observer
Why observation?
Types of observational methods
The feminist critique
Structured experimental observation
Advantages of observational methods
Disadvantages of observational methods
Doing observational studies
Observing online: ‘Netnography’ and other approaches
The role of observation
Summary: Key points
Chapter 12: Attending to talk
Sites and styles of media talk
Recording talk
Oral history and the media
Preparing for the interview
Doing your oral-history interview
Assessing your evidence
Summary: Key points
Chapter 13: Taking talk apart
Talk as interaction
Conversation analysis
Discourse analysis
Talking heads: The political speech and television
First step: Data
Towards a conclusion
Summary: Key points
Chapter 14: Making comparisons
Introduction
Why compare?
Seeing time through space
Temporal comparison – then and now
Specificities and connections
Combining temporal and geographical comparison
Spatial comparison – here and there
Quantitative and qualitative approaches
The question of causality and the challenge of explanation
Sampling and spatial comparisons
Concluding comments
Summary: Key points
Chapter 15: Using computers
Digital data analysis
Knocking around numbers – IBM SPSS Statistics®
Summary: Key points
Chapter 16: Beyond methodology: The what, how and why of researching communications
What to research
Why to research
The ‘how’ of research
Communications research ethics in an online world
Relations with other researchers
Researching communications for what? A final thought
Summary: Key points
Glossary
Bibliography
Index