دانلود کتاب Science of Dental Materials: Clinical Applications

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Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Foreword by BH Sripathi Rao
Foreword by KS Bhat
Preface to Second Edition
Colour Plates 1–16
Colour Plates 17–32
About the Book
About the Author
Contents
1. Orientation to Dentistry
History of Dentistry
Pre-Historic Period
Medieval Period
Progress of Dentistry Since 1840–1900
Developments Since 20th Century
Orientation to Dentistry
Materials used in Dentistry
Special Approaches
Orientations to Dentistry (Scope for Study)
Oral Environments
Structure of Tooth
Properties of Tooth
Conservative Dentistry
Need of Conservative Procedures
Stages of Tooth Decay and Principles of Restorations
Classification of Tooth Cavities
Specialities in Dental Sciences
Importance of Numerical Values of Compositions, Properties
ADA Specifications
ADA Acceptance Programme
International Standards
Importance of Learning Laboratory
2. General Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Materials used in Dentistry
General Properties
Interatomic Bonding
Crystal Structure
Amorphous (Non-crystalline) Structures
Mechanical Properties (Deformations)
Stress and Strains
Stress-Strain Relations
Elastic Deformations
Non-elastic Deformation
Determination of Mechanical Properties
Strengths of Materials
Dynamic Forces
Impact Strength
Fatigue
Surface Hardness
Methods of Measurements of Surface Hardness
Outlines of Testing Methods
Surface Phenomena of Liquids
Cohesion (Surface Tension)
Adhesion (Wetting)
Surface Energy
Angle of Contact and Wetting
Adhesion
Rheological Properties—Viscosity
Viscosity
Viscoelasticity (Creep)
Theoretical Explanation Viscoelastic Deformation (Option)
Thermal Properties
Heat of Fusion (Latent Heat)
Thermal Conduction
Thermal Diffusivity
Thermal Expansion
Colour Parameters and Colour Matching
Dispersion of Light
Colour Triangle: Primary, Secondary and Complimentary Colours
Colour Pigments
Colour Parameters
Measurement of Colour Parameters
Factors Affecting Colour Matching
Colour Matching of Restorations with Tooth
Problems of Colour Matching
3. Impression Materials (Auxiliary Materials)
Impression Materials
Ideal requirements of Impression Materials
Classification of Impression Materials
Impression Trays
Classification of Impression Trays
Stock Trays and Custom-made Special Trays
Impression Compound
Green Stick Compound
Tracing Compound
Border Moulding Compound
Border Moulding
Copper Tube Impression Technique or Copper Ring Technique
Tray Compound Type II
Impression Compound
Zinc Oxide Eugenol Impression Pastes
Types of ZnOE Impression Pastes
Properties of ZnOE Impression Materials
Hydrocolloids
Colloids
Agar-agar Impression Material (Reversible Hydrocolloid)
Alginate Impression Materials (Irreversible Hydrocolloids)
Elastomers (Elastomeric Impression Materials)
Elastomers
Polysulphide Impression Material
Condensation Polysilicones
Addition Polysilicones
Polyethers
4. Gypsum Products: Cast and Dye Materials (Auxiliary Materials)
Gypsum
Gypsum Products
Type I: Rigid Impression Plaster
Type II: Dental (Model) Plaster Commonly known as Plaster of Paris
Composition of Type III: Dental Stone, Class I Stone
Type IV: Dye Stone, Improved
Stone, Class II Stone, Densite
Type V: High Strength, High Expansion-Dye Stone
Classification of Gypsum Products
Normal and Hygroscopic Setting Expansions
Dye Materials
Electroformed Dyes
5. Dental Polymers-Resins
Polymerization: Structure, Properties
Monomers
Oligomer
Polymers
Polymerization
Classification of Polymers used in Dentistry
Factors Affecting the Properties of Polymers
Types of Polymers
6. Prosthetic Applications of Polymer Resins
Denture-base Resins
Complete Denture Fabrication Procedures
Preliminary Steps
Compression Moulding Technique
Flasking: Multiple Mix Method
Dewaxing
Separating Medium (Tin-foil Substitute/Cold-mould Seal)
Heat Cure Acrylic Denture-base Resin
Manipulation of Denture-base Resins
Packing
Polymerization (Curing)
Deflasking and Finishing
Self, Cold-Cured (Chemically Activated) Acrylic Resins
7. Biocompatible Aspects of Dental Materials
Biocompatibility of Various Dental Materials
8. Restorative Materials Dental Cements
Ideal Requirements of Restorative Materials
Classification of Restorative Materials
Classification of Dental Cements-Nonmetallic Restoratives
Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cements
Manipulation of Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cements
Zinc Phosphate Cement
Frozen Slab Technique
Modifications of Zinc Phosphate Cement
Silicate Cements
Zinc Silicophosphate Cement, ADA 21
Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement, ADA 61
Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs)
Types of Glass lonomer Cements
Modifications of GIC
Sandwich Technique
Acrylic Resin Cements
Cavity Liners, Varnishes and Cement Bases
Pulp-protecting Materials
Cement Bases
Calcium Hydroxide Cement (DYCAL)
Gutta Percha
9. Composite Restorative Resins
Unfilled Acrylic Resins
Composite Restorative Resins
Classification of Dental Composite Restorative Resins
Composition of Dental Composite Restorative Materials
Varieties of Composite Resins
10. Bonding of Restorations
Bonding to Enamel
Bonding Agents
11. Direct Filling Gold
Manufacturing Methods
12. Silver Amalgam
Silver-tin System
Characteristic Properties
Mercury Health Hazards
Spherical Amalgam Alloys
Other Direct Filling Alloys
Copper Amalgam
13. Dental Ceramics
Classification of Dental Ceramics
Feldspathic Porcelains
Varieties of Feldspars
Glass Modifiers
Toughening of Porcelain
Outline of Fabrication of Porcelain Article
Metal Ceramics
Alloys used for Metal Ceramics
Metal Ceramic Bonding
All Ceramic Restorations
Castable Glasses
Outline of Injection Moulding Glass Ceramic Technique
Hot Pressable Glass Ceramics
CAD-CAM Machinable-Chair-side Restoration Techniques
Copy Milling Technique
Cementation of Ceramic Fabrications
Artificial Porcelain Teeth
Criteria for Selection and use of Dental Ceramics
Dental Applications of Ceramics
14. Dental Waxes (Auxiliary Materials)
Natural Waxes
Synthetic Waxes
Additives (Resins, Gums and Fats)
Classification of Dental Waxes
Characteristic Properties of Waxes
Pattern Waxes
Casting Waxes
Base Plate or Modelling Waxes
Processing Waxes
Boxing and Beading Waxes
Utility Wax
Sticky Wax
Carding Wax
White Wax
Blockout Wax
Carving Wax
Impression Waxes
Corrective Impression Waxes
Bite Registration Waxes
15. Casting Investment Materials (Auxiliary Materials)
Casting Shrinkages and Methods of Compensations
Compensation of Casting Shrinkage
High Heat and Low Heat Casting Techniques
Investment Materials (ADA Specification No. 2)
Requirements of Investment Materials
Gypsum Bonded Investment (GBI) Material
Composition
Phosphate Bonded Investment (PBI)
Ethyl Silicate Bonded Investments (ESBIs)
Other Investment Materials
16. Metals: Solidification and Microstructure
Characteristic Properties of Metals
17. Alloys: Solidification and Phase Diagrams
Constitution-Equilibrium Phase Diagrams
Classification of Dental Casting Alloys
Solid Solutions
Silver-copper System
Features of Equilibrium Phase Diagrams
Gold-copper System
18. Dental Casting Alloys
Brief History
Requirements of Dental Casting Alloys
Classification of Dental Casting Alloys
Identification of Dental Casting Alloys
Classification by Applications and Descriptions
Alloying Properties of Metals used in Gold Alloys
Gold
Platinum
Palladium
Silver
Copper
Iridium
Zinc
Indium
Gallium
High Noble and Noble Metal Casting Alloys
General Properties of HN and N Metal Casting Alloys
HN and N Metal Alloys for Metal Ceramic
Metal-Ceramic Bonding
General Properties of HN and N Metal Ceramic Alloys
Recent Noble Metal Alloys
HN and N Metal Casting Alloys for Removable Partial Denture Frameworks
Predominantly Base Metal (PBM) Casting Alloys
Classification of PBM Casting Alloys
Alloying Properties
General Properties of PBM Casting Alloys
Clinical Aspects
Micro Structure Metallography of PBM Alloys
Heat Treatments
PBM Alloys for Metal Ceramics
Outline of Casting Procedure of High Fusing PBM Alloys
Recovery and Finishing
Bronze: Copper Alloys for Casting
19. Outline of Dental Alloy Casting Procedures
Introduction
Wax Pattern
Sprue Formers
Casting Ring Liner
Investing Procedure
Wax Burn out
Casting Machines
Melting of Alloys
Casting of Alloy
Devastating Recovery
Pickling
Heat Treatments for HN Alloys
Defective Castings: Classification, Causes and Remedies
Distortion Change of Shape or Size: Both Cause Misfit
Discolouration
Surface Roughness, Unevenness and Nodules
Solidification Shrinkage Porosities
Air Inclusion Porosities
Incomplete Castings
Fins
Titanium
Allotropic Forms-Microstructure
Alloys of Titanium
Problems in Casting of Titanium and its Alloys
Alternatives to Metal Casting Technology
20. Wrought Alloys
Lattice Imperfections
Slip Resistance
Work Hardening and Annealing
Annealing Heat Treatments
Comparison of Cast (Also Recrystallised Annealed) and Wrought Structures
21. Carbon Steels and Stainless Steels
Carbon Steels
Pure-Soft Iron
Carbon Steels
Eutectoid Steel
Tempering of Carbon Steels
Stainless Steels
Passivating Effect
Varieties of Stainless Steels and Compositions
Austenitic (18-8) Stainless Steels
22. Materials Used in Orthodontia
Introduction
Classification of Orthodontic Wires
Manufacturing and Microstructures
Microstructures
ANSI/ADA Specification No. 32
Austenitic 18-8 Stainless Steel Wires
Elgiloy: (Co-Cr-Ni-Fe)
Wrought HN and N Metal Alloys
β-Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wires
Nickel Titanium: Niti:
Nitinol: Orthodontic Wires
Ni-Ti Endodontic Instruments
Recent Experimental Wires
23. Brazing and Welding
Soldering and Brazing
Ideal Requirements of Solders (Brazing Fillers)
Types of Solders
Methods of Soldering
Pre Brazing and Post Brazing
Welding
Electrical Resistance or Spot Welding
Laser Welding
Cast Joining Technique
Casting to Embedded Alloys
Lasers in Dentistry
24. Tarnish and Corrosion
Tarnish
Causes for Tarnish
Corrosion
Classification of Corrosions
Galvanic Corrosion
Heterogeneous Composition Corrosion
Concentration Cell (Crevice) Corrosion
Corrosion due to Rough Surface
Stress Corrosion
Corrosion Fatigue
Biocorrosion
Methods to Minimise Corrosions
25. Dental Implants
Indications for Dental Implantations
Contraindications
Ideal Requirements of Implant Materials
Shapes, Designs and Components
Implant Designs (Types)
Biomechanism
Brief outline of Implant Placement
Materials used for Dental Implants
26. Cutting and Finishing Mechanisms and Materials
Necessity for Finishing
Mechanisms of Cutting, Grinding and Polishing
Other Finishing Methods
Bulk Reduction By Cutting
Factors Affecting the Rate of Cutting (Efficiency)
Abrasives and Polishing Materials
Factors to Increase the Rate of Abrasion (Efficiency)
Abrasive Materials: Particle Size-Grit Numbers
Polishing
Glazing
Finishing and Polishing of Restorations
Dentifrices
Powder System
Paste or Gel Systems
Abrasivity of Dentifrices
Appendix