دانلود کتاب Sears and Zemansky's university physics: with modern physics /

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Frontmatter Copyright Brief Contents About the Authors Preface Detailed Contents Chapter 1: Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors 1.1: The Nature of Physics 1.2: Solving Physics Problems 1.3: Standards and Units 1.4: Using and Converting Units 1.5: Uncertainty and Significant Figures 1.6: Estimates and Orders of Magnitude 1.7: Vectors and Vector Addition 1.8: Components of Vectors 1.9: Unit Vectors 1.10: Products of Vectors Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 2: Motion Along a Straight Line 2.1: Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity 2.2: Instantaneous Velocity 2.3: Average and Instantaneous Acceleration 2.4: Motion with Constant Acceleration 2.5: Freely Falling Bodies 2.6: Velocity and Position by Integration Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 3: Motion in Two or Three Dimensions 3.1: Position and Velocity Vectors 3.2: The Acceleration Vector 3.3: Projectile Motion 3.4: Motion in a Circle 3.5: Relative Velocity Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 4: Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.1: Force and Interactions 4.2: Newton’s First Law 4.3: Newton’s Second Law 4.4: Mass and Weight 4.5: Newton’s Third Law 4.6: Free-Body Diagrams Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 5: Applying Newton’s Laws 5.1: Using Newton’s First Law: Particles in Equilibrium 5.2: Using Newton’s Second Law: Dynamics of Particles 5.3: Friction Forces 5.4: Dynamics of Circular Motion 5.5: The Fundamental Forces of Nature Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 6: Work and Kinetic Energy 6.1: Work 6.2: Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem 6.3: Work and Energy with Varying Forces 6.4: Power Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation 7.1: Gravitational Potential Energy 7.2: Elastic Potential Energy 7.3: Conservative and Nonconservative Forces 7.4: Force and Potential Energy 7.5: Energy Diagrams Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 8: Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions 8.1: Momentum and Impulse 8.2: Conservation of Momentum 8.3: Momentum Conservation and Collisions 8.4: Elastic Collisions 8.5: Center of Mass 8.6: Rocket Propulsion Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 9: Rotation of Rigid Bodies 9.1: Angular Velocity and Acceleration 9.2: Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration 9.3: Relating Linear and Angular Kinematics 9.4: Energy in Rotational Motion 9.5: Parallel-Axis Theorem 9.6: Moment-of-Inertia Calculations Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 10: Dynamics of Rotational Motion 10.1: Torque 10.2: Torque and Angular Acceleration for a Rigid Body 10.3: Rigid-Body Rotation About a Moving Axis 10.4: Work and Power in Rotational Motion 10.5: Angular Momentum 10.6: Conservation of Angular Momentum 10.7: Gyroscopes and Precession Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 11: Equilibrium and Elasticity 11.1: Conditions for Equilibrium 11.2: Center of Gravity 11.3: Solving Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems 11.4: Stress, Strain, and Elastic Moduli 11.5: Elasticity and Plasticity Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 12: Fluid Mechanics 12.1: Gases, Liquids, and Density 12.2: Pressure in a Fluid 12.3: Buoyancy 12.4: Fluid Flow 12.5: Bernoulli’s Equation 12.6: Viscosity and Turbulence Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 13: Gravitation 13.1: Newton’s Law of Gravitation 13.2: Weight 13.3: Gravitational Potential Energy 13.4: The Motion of Satellites 13.5: Kepler’s Laws and the Motion of Planets 13.6: Spherical Mass Distributions 13.7: Apparent Weight and the Earth’s Rotation 13.8: Black Holes Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 14: Periodic Motion 14.1: Describing Oscillation 14.2: Simple Harmonic Motion 14.3: Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion 14.4: Applications of Simple Harmonic Motion 14.5: The Simple Pendulum 14.6: The Physical Pendulum 14.7: Damped Oscillations 14.8: Forced Oscillations and Resonance Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 15: Mechanical Waves 15.1: Types of Mechanical Waves 15.2: Periodic Waves 15.3: Mathematical Description of a Wave 15.4: Speed of a Transverse Wave 15.5: Energy in Wave Motion 15.6: Wave Interference, Boundary Conditions, and Superposition 15.7: Standing Waves on a String 15.8: Normal Modes of a String Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 16: Sound and Hearing 16.1: Sound Waves 16.2: Speed of Sound Waves 16.3: Sound Intensity 16.4: Standing Sound Waves and Normal Modes 16.5: Resonance and Sound 16.6: Interference of Waves 16.7: Beats 16.8: The Doppler Effect 16.9: Shock Waves Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 17: Temperature and Heat 17.1: Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium 17.2: Thermometers and Temperature Scales 17.3: Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale 17.4: Thermal Expansion 17.5: Quantity of Heat 17.6: Calorimetry and Phase Changes 17.7: Mechanisms of Heat Transfer Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 18: Thermal Properties of Matter 18.1: Equations of State 18.2: Molecular Properties of Matter 18.3: Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas 18.4: Heat Capacities 18.5: Molecular Speeds 18.6: Phases of Matter Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 19: The First Law of Thermodynamics 19.1: Thermodynamic Systems 19.2: Work Done During Volume Changes 19.3: Paths Between Thermodynamic States 19.4: Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 19.5: Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes 19.6: Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas 19.7: Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas 19.8: Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 20: The Second Law of Thermodynamics 20.1: Directions of Thermodynamic Processes 20.2: Heat Engines 20.3: Internal-Combustion Engines 20.4: Refrigerators 20.5: The Second Law of Thermodynamics 20.6: The Carnot Cycle 20.7: Entropy 20.8: Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 21: Electric Charge and Electric Field 21.1: Electric Charge 21.2: Conductors, Insulators, and Induced Charges 21.3: Coulomb’s Law 21.4: Electric Field and Electric Forces 21.5: Electric-Field Calculations 21.6: Electric Field Lines 21.7: Electric Dipoles Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 22: Gauss’s Law 22.1: Charge and Electric Flux 22.2: Calculating Electric Flux 22.3: Gauss’s Law 22.4: Applications of Gauss’s Law 22.5: Charges on Conductors Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 23: Electric Potential 23.1: Electric Potential Energy 23.2: Electric Potential 23.3: Calculating Electric Potential 23.4: Equipotential Surfaces 23.5: Potential Gradient Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 24: Capacitance and Dielectrics 24.1: Capacitors and Capacitance 24.2: Capacitors in Series and Parallel 24.3: Energy Storage in Capacitors and Electric-Field Energy 24.4: Dielectrics 24.5: Molecular Model of Induced Charge 24.6: Gauss’s Law in Dielectrics Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 25: Current, Resistance, and Electromotive Force 25.1: Current 25.2: Resistivity 25.3: Resistance 25.4: Electromotive Force and Circuits 25.5: Energy and Power in Electric Circuits 25.6: Theory of Metallic Conduction Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 26: Direct-Current Circuits 26.1: Resistors in Series and Parallel 26.2: Kirchhoff’s Rules 26.3: Electrical Measuring Instruments 26.4: R-C Circuits 26.5: Power Distribution Systems Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 27: Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces 27.1: Magnetism 27.2: Magnetic Field 27.3: Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux 27.4: Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field 27.5: Applications of Motion of Charged Particles 27.6: Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor 27.7: Force and Torque on a Current Loop 27.8: The Direct-Current Motor 27.9: The Hall Effect Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 28: Sources of Magnetic Field 28.1: Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge 28.2: Magnetic Field of a Current Element 28.3: Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor 28.4: Force Between Parallel Conductors 28.5: Magnetic Field of a Circular Current Loop 28.6: Ampere’s Law 28.7: Applications of Ampere’s Law 28.8: Magnetic Materials Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 29: Electromagnetic Induction 29.1: Induction Experiments 29.2: Faraday’s Law 29.3: Lenz’s Law 29.4: Motional Electromotive Force 29.5: Induced Electric Fields 29.6: Eddy Currents 29.7: Displacement Current and Maxwell’s Equations 29.8: Superconductivity Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 30: Inductance 30.1: Mutual Inductance 30.2: Self-Inductance and Inductors 30.3: Magnetic-Field Energy 30.4: The R-L Circuit 30.5: The L-C Circuit 30.6: The L-R-C Series Circuit Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 31: Alternating Current 31.1: Phasors and Alternating Currents 31.2: Resistance and Reactance 31.3: The L-R-C Series Circuit 31.4: Power in Alternating-Current Circuits 31.5: Resonance in Alternating-Current Circuits 31.6: Transformers Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 32: Electromagnetic Waves 32.1: Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves 32.2: Plane Electromagnetic Waves and the Speed of Light 32.3: Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves 32.4: Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves 32.5: Standing Electromagnetic Waves Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 33: The Nature and Propagation of Light 33.1: The Nature of Light 33.2: Reflection and Refraction 33.3: Total Internal Reflection 33.4: Dispersion 33.5: Polarization 33.6: Scattering of Light 33.7: Huygens’s Principle Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 34: Geometric Optics 34.1: Reflection and Refraction at a Plane Surface 34.2: Reflection at a Spherical Surface 34.3: Refraction at a Spherical Surface 34.4: Thin Lenses 34.5: Cameras The Eye 34.6: The Magnifier 34.7: Microscopes and Telescopes Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 35: Interference 35.1: Interference and Coherent Sources 35.2: Two-Source Interference of Light 35.3: Intensity in Interference Patterns 35.4: Interference in Thin Films 35.5: The Michelson Interferometer Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 36: Diffraction 36.1: Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction 36.2: Diffraction from a Single Slit 36.3: Intensity in the Single-Slit Pattern 36.4: Multiple Slits 36.5: The Diffraction Grating 36.6: X-Ray Diffraction 36.7: Circular Apertures and Resolving Power 36.8: Holography Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 37: Relativity 37.1: Invariance of Physical Laws 37.2: Relativity of Simultaneity 37.3: Relativity of Time Intervals 37.4: Relativity of Length 37.5: The Lorentz Transformations 37.6: The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves 37.7: Relativistic Momentum 37.8: Relativistic Work and Energy 37.9: Newtonian Mechanics and Relativity Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 38: Photons: Light Waves Behaving as Particles 38.1: Light Absorbed as Photons: The Photoelectric Effect 38.2: Light Emitted as Photons: X-Ray Production 38.3: Light Scattered as Photons: Compton Scattering and Pair Production 38.4: Wave–Particle Duality, Probability, and Uncertainty Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 39: Particles Behaving as Waves 39.1: Electron Waves 39.2: The Nuclear Atom and Atomic Spectra 39.3: Energy Levels and the Bohr Model of the Atom 39.4: The Laser 39.5: Continuous Spectra 39.6: The Uncertainty Principle Revisited Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 40: Quantum Mechanics I: Wave Functions 40.1: Wave Functions and the One-Dimensional Schrödinger Equation 40.2: Particle in a Box 40.3: Potential Wells 40.4: Potential Barriers and Tunneling 40.5: The Harmonic Oscillator 40.6: Measurement in Quantum Mechanics Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 41: Quantum Mechanics II: Atomic Structure 41.1: The Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions 41.2: Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box 41.3: The Hydrogen Atom 41.4: The Zeeman Effect 41.5: Electron Spin 41.6: Many-Electron Atoms and the Exclusion Principle 41.7: X-Ray Spectra 41.8: Quantum Entanglement Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 42: Molecules and Condensed Matter 42.1: Types of Molecular Bonds 42.2: Molecular Spectra 42.3: Structure of Solids 42.4: Energy Bands 42.5: Free-Electron Model of Metals 42.6: Semiconductors 42.7: Semiconductor Devices 42.8: Superconductivity Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 43: Nuclear Physics 43.1: Properties of Nuclei 43.2: Nuclear Binding and Nuclear Structure 43.3: Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity 43.4: Activities and Half-Lives 43.5: Biological Effects of Radiation 43.6: Nuclear Reactions 43.7: Nuclear Fission 43.8: Nuclear Fusion Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Chapter 44: Particle Physics and Cosmology 44.1: Fundamental Particles—A History 44.2: Particle Accelerators and Detectors 44.3: Particles and Interactions 44.4: Quarks and Gluons 44.5: The Standard Model and Beyond 44.6: The Expanding Universe 44.7: The Beginning of Time Summary Questions/Exercises/Problems Appendices The International System of Units Useful Mathematical Relations The Greek Alphabet Periodic Table of the Elements Unit Conversion Factors Numerical Constants Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems Credits Index