دانلود کتاب Serbian: An Essential Grammar

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Cover
Serbian: An Essential Grammar
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part I: The Language Andits Dialects
Chapter 1. Cultural, Literary Andlinguistic Background
Chapter 2. Dialects
Part II: Alphabet, Pronunciationand Stress
Chapter 3. Alphabet
Chapter 4. Pronunciation
4.1 Consonants
4.1.1 Voiced and unvoiced consonants
4.1.2 Soft and hard consonants
4.1.3 Consonantal assimilations
4.1.4 Consonantal contractions
4.1.5 Fleeting a
4.1.6 Change of л/l to о
4.1.7 J changes
4.1.8 Effects of е/e and и/i on к/k, г/g and х/h
4.2 Vowels
4.2.1 Length and stress
4.2.2 Vowel mutations
Chapter 5. Stress
5.1 Word stress and tone
5.2 Shift of stress
5.3 Sentence stress
Part III: Parts of Speech
Chapter 6. Verbs
6.1 Infinitives – classification
6.2 Infinitive and present tense stems
6.2.1 Type I conjugation
6.2.2 Type II conjugation
6.2.3 Type III conjugation
6.3 Types of verbs and aspects
6.3.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs
6.3.2 Imperfective and perfective verbs
6.4 Present tense
6.4.1 Formation of the present tense and its use
6.4.2 The negative present tense
6.4.3 The interrogative present
6.4.4 The negative interrogative present tense
6.5 Past tense (perfect tense)
6.5.1 Formation of the perfect tense and its use
6.5.2 The negative perfect tense
6.5.3 The interrogative perfect tense
6.5.4 The negative interrogative perfect tense
6.6 Future tense
6.6.1 Formation of the future tense and its use
6.6.2 The negative future
6.6.3 The interrogative future
6.6.4 The negative interrogative future
6.7 Aorist tense
6.7.1 Formation of the aorist tense and its use
6.7.2 The negative aorist
6.7.3 The interrogative aorist
6.7.4 The negative interrogative aorist
6.8 Future II
6.8.1 Uses of future II
6.8.2 Formation of the future II
6.9 The conditional
6.9.1 Uses of the conditional
6.9.2 Formation of the conditional
6.10 Imperative
6.10.1 Use of the imperative
6.10.2 Formation of the imperative
6.11 Reflexive verbs
6.12 Impersonal verbs
6.13 Auxiliary verbs
6.14 Formation of the interrogative
6.15 Formation of the negative
6.16 Present perfective aspect of бити/biti
6.17 Ићи/izi and its derivatives
6.18 Modal verbs
Chapter 7. Nouns
7.1 Types of nouns
7.2 Gender of nouns
7.3 Cases of nouns
7.3.1 Nominative case
7.3.2 Genitive case
7.3.3 Dative case
7.3.4 Accusative case
7.3.5 Vocative case
7.3.6 Instrumental case
7.3.7 Locative case
7.4 Declension of nouns
7.4.1 Masculine and neuter nouns
7.4.2 Feminine and masculine nouns ending in -a and the noun мати/mati
7.4.3 Feminine nouns ending in a consonant, in -o, -ост/ost or -ад/ad, and the noun кћи/kzi
7.4.4 Declension of irregular nouns
Chapter 8. Pronouns
8.1 Personal pronouns
8.1.1 Declension of personal pronouns
8.1.2 Stressed personal pronouns
8.1.3 Unstressed personal pronouns
8.1.4 Order of unstressed personal pronouns
8.2 Reflexive pronouns
8.3 Possessive pronouns
8.4 Demonstrative pronouns
8.5 Relative pronouns
8.6 Interrogative pronouns
8.7 Universal pronouns
Chapter 9. Adjectives
9.1 Classification of adjectives
9.2 Indefinite adjectives
9.3 Definite adjectives
9.4 Possessive adjectives
9.5 Adjectival declension
9.6 Comparative adjectives
9.7 Superlative adjectives
9.8 Verbal adjectives
9.8.1 The active past participle
9.8.2 Formation of the active past participle
9.8.3 The passive participle
9.8.4 Formation of the passive past participle
Chapter 10. Adverbs
10.1 Substantival (nominal) adverbs
10.2 Adjectival adverbs
10.3 Pronominal adverbs
10.4 Verbal adverbs
10.4.1 The present verbal adverb
10.4.2 The past verbal adverb
Chapter 11. Prepositions
11.1 Simple prepositions
11.2 Compound prepositions
11.3 Accentuation
11.4 Prepositions through the cases
Chapter 12. Conjunctions
12.1 Coordinating conjunctions
12.2 Subordinating conjunctions
12.3 Differences in usages of што/eto and који/koji
Chapter 13. Enclitics
13.1 Order and importance of enclitics
Chapter 14. Numerals
14.1 Cardinal numbers and their declension
14.1.1 Number one
14.1.2 Numerals two, three, four and the numeral ‘both’
14.1.3 Numerals five, six, seven and onwards
14.2 Ordinal numbers and their declension
14.3 Fractions and decimal numbers
14.4 Collective numerals
14.5 Number nouns
14.6 Multiplicatives
14.7 Approximatives
14.8 Distributives
14.9 Frequentatives
14.10 Weights and measures
14.11 Age
14.12 Days, months and dates
14.13 Time
14.13.1 Telling the time
14.13.2 Time-related words and expressions
Chapter 15. Quanti Ers
15.1 Types of quantifiers
15.1.1 Countable quantifiers
15.1.2 Uncountable quantifiers
15.1.3 Countable and uncountable quantifiers
Chapter 16. Determiners
16.1 Possessive determiners
16.2 Demonstrative determiners
16.3 Indefinite determiners
16.4 Interrogative determiners
16.5 Negative determiners
Chapter 17. Particles, Conjunctions Andexclamations
Part IV: Sentence Elements Andstructure
Chapter 18. Sentences
18.1 Elements of a sentence
18.2 Types of clauses
Chapter 19. Sentence Structure
19.1 Word order
19.2 Punctuation
19.3 Simple sentences
19.4 Complex sentences
Chapter 20. Word Formation
20.1 Prefixes
20.2 Suffixes
20.2.1 Nouns
20.2.2 Adjectives
Bibliography
Index