دانلود کتاب Software Vectorization Handbook, The: Applying Intel Multimedia Extensions for Maximum Performance

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Preface 10 1. Introduction 12 Architectural Acceleration Mechanisms 12 Pipelining and Replication 13 Speedup 14 Quick Tour of Parallel Architectures 15 Data Parallel Architectures 15 Instruction-Level Parallel Architectures 17 Process-Level Parallel Architectures 18 Multimedia Extensions 19 MMX™ Technology 20 Streaming-SIMD Extensions 22 Intra-Register Vectorization 24 2. Instruction Set Preliminaries 28 Instruction Set Summary 28 Instruction Format 29 Packed Data Elements 29 Data Movement Instructions 30 Arithmetic Instructions 36 Logical Instructions 39 Comparison Instructions 40 Conversion Instructions 41 Shift Instructions 43 Shuffle Instructions 44 Unpack Instructions 45 Cacheability Control and Prefetch Instructions 46 State Management Instructions 47 The Intel NetBurst® Microarchitecture 48 Execution Logic 48 Memory Hierarchy 50 3. Language Preliminaries 52 The C Programming Language 52 Data Types 53 Expressions 55 Statements 57 Loop and Idiom Recognition 58 Well-Behaved Loops 59 Idiom Recognition 61 4. Data Dependence Theory 64 Data Dependences 64 Data Dependence Definitions 64 Data Dependence Terminology 66 Data Dependence Graphs 67 Data Dependence Analysis 68 Data Dependence Problems 68 Data Dependence Solvers 70 Hierarchical Data Dependence Analysis 72 Improving Data Dependence Analysis 74 Compiler Hints for Data Dependences 75 Aliasing Analysis 75 Dynamic Data Dependence Analysis 76 5. Vectorization Essentials 80 Validity of Vectorization 80 Preserving Data Dependences 81 Preserving Integer Precision 84 Preserving Floating-Point Precision 86 Vector Code Generation 88 General Framework 88 Vector Data Type Selection 90 Unit-Stride Memory References 91 Rotating Read-Only Memory References 92 Non-Unit-Stride Memory References 93 Scalar Memory References 94 Operators 108 MIN, MAX, and ABS Operators 110 Type Conversions 113 Mathematical Functions 117 Conditional Statements 121 6. Alignment Optimizations 130 Intraprocedural Alignment Optimizations 131 Memory Allocation and Data Layout 131 Intraprocedural Alignment Analysis 132 Cache Line Split Optimizations 134 Interprocedural Alignment Optimizations 140 Interprocedural Alignment Analysis 140 Exploiting Interprocedural Alignment Information 145 Improving Alignment Optimizations 146 Compiler Hints for Alignment 146 Multi-Version Code 146 Dynamic Loop Peeling 149 7. Supplemental Optimizations 156 Idiom Recognition 156 Conversion Idioms 157 Arithmetic Idioms 158 Reduction Idioms 160 Saturation Idioms 161 Search Loops 171 Complex Data 174 Complex Numbers 174 Single-Precision Complex Data Types 175 Double-Precision Complex Data Types 179 Memory Hierarchy Optimizations 180 High-Level Optimizations 180 Vector Register Reuse 182 Low-Level Optimizations 185 8. Vectorization Beyond Loops 188 Loop Materialization 189 Rollable Statements and Expressions 189 Loop Materialization and Collapsing 191 Inexpensive Loop Materialization 192 Improved Loop Materialization 194 Performance Considerations 196 Low Trip-Count Loops 196 High Trip-Count Loops 199 9. Vectorization with the Intel Compilers 204 Vectorization Overview 205 Compiler Switches 205 Profile-Guided Optimization 209 Compiler Hints 210 Vectorization Guidelines 214 Design and Implementation Considerations 215 Focus of Optimization 219 Diagnostics-Guided Optimization 219 Final Remarks 224 Some More Experiments 224 Future Trends in Multimedia Extensions 227 References 230 Index 242