دانلود کتاب Spacecraft that Explored the Inner Planets Venus and Mercury

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Introduction
Contents
Chapter 1: The Planets of the Sun
Characteristics of Venus
Characteristics of Mercury
Bibliography
Chapter 2: Launch Vehicles for Planetary Spacecraft
Early Soviet Union Space Programs
Soviet Union Launch Site for Early Planetary Spacecraft
Soviet Union Launch Vehicles for Early Planetary Spacecraft
Soyuz-Molniya 8 K78 Lunch Vehicle
Molniya 8K78M Launch Vehicle
Proton-K Launch Vehicle
Early United States Space Programs
United States Launch Sites for Early Planetary Spacecraft
United States Launch Vehicles for Planetary Spacecraft
Atlas-Agena Launch Vehicles
Atlas-Centaur Launch Vehicles
Titan III/Centaur Launch Vehicles
Space Shuttle Launch Vehicle
Delta II Launch Vehicle
Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle
Japanese Launch Vehicle for Akatsuki Spacecraft to Venus
Tanegashima Space Center
European Space Agency (ESA) Launch Vehicle Soyuz-Fregat
Soyuz-FG Launch Vehicle
Fregat Upper Stage
Bibliography
Chapter 3: Soviet Union Spacecraft That Explored Venus 1960–1980
1VA Spacecraft (Sputnik 7 and Venera 1)
Flight of the 1VA Spacecraft
2MV Spacecraft
2MV-1 Spacecraft
2MV Bus
2MV-1 Landing Capsule
2MV-2 Spacecraft
Flights of the 2MV-1 and 2MV-2 Spacecraft
3MV Spacecraft (Venera 2 and Venera 3)
Background of 3MV Spacecraft
3MV-1 Spacecraft
3MV Bus
Landing Capsule
Repurposed Spacecraft Originally Planned for Mars
Flights of the 3MV Spacecraft to Venus
V-67 Spacecraft (Venera 4)
Design of V-67 Spacecraft
Landing Capsule
Flights of the V-67 Spacecraft
Venera 4
Kosmos 167
V-69 Spacecraft (Venera 5 and Venera 6)
Design of V-69 Spacecraft
Flight of the V-69 Spacecraft
Venera 5
Venera 6
V-70 Spacecraft (Venera 7)
Flight of the V-70 Spacecraft Venera 7
Kosmos 359
V-72 Spacecraft (Venera 8)
Bus
Landing Capsule
Flight of V-72 Spacecraft Venera 8
4V-1 Spacecraft (Venera 9 and Venera 10)
Bus Obiter
Experiments on the Bus
4V-1 Lander
Lander Experiments
Flight of 4V-1 Spacecraft Venera 9 and Venera 10
Venera 9
Venera 10
Experiments Conducted by the Landers
Operation of the Orbiter
4V-1 Spacecraft, Venera 11 and Venera 12
Flights of 4V-1 Spacecraft Venera 11 and Venera 12
Venera 11
Venera 12
Lander Operations
Color Cameras
Mass Spectrometer
Gas Chromatograph (Sigma)
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer
Low Frequency Radio Sensor (GROZA)
Penetrometer (PROP-V)
Bus
SIGNE 2 Gamma-ray Burst Detector
KONUS Gamma-ray Burst Detector
Bibliography
Chapter 4: U.S. Spacecraft that Explored Venus 1960–1980
Mariner R Spacecraft (Mariner 1 and Mariner 2)
Mechanical Configuration
Mariner R Systems
Spacecraft Power
Central Computer and Sequencer
Attitude Control System
Midcourse Correction Rocket Engine
Telecommunications Subsystem
Experiments Carried by Mariner 2
Microwave Radiometer
Configuration of Microwave Radiometer
Infrared Radiometer
Magnetometer
High Energy Radiation Experiment
Solar Plasma Analyzer
Cosmic Dust Sensor
Flight of Mariner 1 and Mariner 2 Spacecraft
Flight of Mariner 1
Flight of Mariner 2
Mariner 5 Spacecraft
Background of Mariner 5
Mechanical Configuration of Mariner 5
Mariner 5 Systems
Midcourse Correction Rocket Engine
Spacecraft Power
Guidance and Control
Special Sensors
Telecommunications Subsystem
Command Detector and Decoder
Data Encoder
Data Automation Subsystem
Tape Recorder Subsystem
Science Experiments Carried by Mariner 5
Trapped Radiation Detector
Solar Plasma Probe
Helium Magnetometer
Ultraviolet Photometer
Dual–Frequency Receiver
Flight of Mariner 5
Pioneer Venus Orbiter
Background of Pioneer Venus Mission
Mechanical Configuration of Pioneer Venus Orbiter
Pioneer Venus Orbiter Systems
Orbit Insertion Rocket Motor
Spacecraft Power
Telecommunications
Attitude and Maneuvering Control
Science Experiments Carried by Pioneer Venus Orbiter
Magnetometer Experiment
Surface Mapping Radar
Orbiter Infrared Radiometer
Ultraviolet Spectrometer
Cloud Photopolarimeter
Gamma Ray Burst Detector
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Mechanical Configuration of Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Multiprobe Bus Systems
Power Subsystem
Communications
Attitude and Maneuvering Control
Science Experiments Carried by Multiprobe Bus
Neutral Mass Spectrometer
Ion Mass Spectrometer
Pioneer Venus Large Probe
Mechanical Configuration of Large Probe
Descent of the Large Probe
Large Probe Systems
Power Subsystem
Communications Subsystem
Command Subsystem
Data Transmission to Earth
Science Experiments Carried by Large Probe
Neutral Mass Spectrometer
Gas Chromatograph
Solar Flux Radiometer
Infrared Radiometer
Cloud Particle Size Spectrometer (LCPS)
Nephelometer (LN/SN)
Atmosphere Structure Experiments (LAS/SAS)
Pioneer Venus Small Probes
Mechanical Configuration of Small Probes
Descent of the Small Probes
Small Probe Systems
Power Subsystem
Communications Subsystem
Command Subsystem
Data Transmission to Earth
Science Experiments Carried by the Small Probe
Net Flux Radiometer
Bibliography
Chapter 5: Soviet Union Spacecraft that Explored Venus 1980–1990
4 V-1 Spacecraft (Venera 13 and Venera 14)
Flight of Venera 13 and Venera 14
Scientific Experiments on Venera 13 and 14 Landers
Color Cameras
Mass Spectrometer
Gas Chromatograph (Sigma 2)
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Analysis of Clouds
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Analysis of Soil and Rocks
Optical Spectrometer
Penetrometer (PROP-V)
Low Frequency Radio Sensor (GROZA 2)
Landing Sites for the Venera Spacecraft
4 V-2 Spacecraft (Venera 15 and Venera 16)
Mechanical Configuration of Venera 15 and 16
Flight of Venera 15 and Venera 16
Scientific Experiments on Venera 15 and 16
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Radar Altimeter
Infrared Spectrometer
Cosmic Ray Detector
5VK Spacecraft (Vega 1 and Vega 2)
Mechanical Configuration of Vega 1 and Vega 2
Flight of the Vegas
Flight of Vega 1
Flight of Vega 2
Experiments on Vega Bus for Exploration of Comet Halley
Television System (TVS)
Infrared Spectrometer (IKS)
Three Channel Spectrometer (TKS)
Balloon Borne Exploration of Venus
Experiments on the Balloon
Data Transmission from Experiments
Determination of Venus Winds by Earth-Based Tracking of Balloons
Vega Lander
Experiments on Vega Landers
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrometer (ISAV-S)
Optical Aerosol Analyzer (ISAV-A)
Aerosol Particle-Size Counter (LSA)
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (MALAKHIT-M)
Hygrometer (VM-4)
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (IFP)
Gas Chromatograph (SIGMA-3)
Gamma Ray Spectrometer
Soil X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (BDRP-AM25)
Temperature and Pressure Sensors (METRO)
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 6: U.S. Magellan Spacecraft that Explored Venus 1980–2020
Background of Magellan Program
Mechanical Configuration of the Magellan Spacecraft
Magellan Systems
Propulsion System
Attitude Control System
Command and Data Subsystem
Telecommunications
Spacecraft Power
Radar Sensor
Flight of Magellan
Mapping Mission
Synthetic Aperture Radar Mapping
Radar Altimeter Mapping
Radiometric Mapping
Gravimetric Mapping
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 7: U.S. Spacecraft that Explored Mercury: Mariner 10 and Messenger
Mariner 10 Spacecraft
Background of Mariner 10
Mechanical Configuration of Mariner 10
Mariner 10 Systems
Trajectory Correction Rocket Motor
Attitude Control Subsystem
Articulation and Pointing Subsystem
Spacecraft Power
Central Computer and Sequencer
Flight Data Subsystem
Telecommunications System
Command Decoder
Science Experiments Carried by Mariner 10
Television Cameras
Infrared Radiometer
Ultraviolet Airglow Spectrometer
Ultraviolet Occultation Spectrometer
Magnetometer
Plasma Science Experiment
Charged Particles Telescope
S-Band and X-Band Radio Occultation
Flight of Mariner 10
Conclusion
Messenger Spacecraft
Background of Messenger Program
Mechanical Configuration of the Messenger Spacecraft
Messenger Systems
Propulsion System
Electrical Power Subsystem
Attitude Control
Guidance and Control
Telecommunications
Command and Data Handling
Flight of Messenger
Science Experiments Carried by Messenger
Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)
Images from Messenger Mission
Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS)
Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS)
X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS)
Magnetometer (MAG)
Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer (EPPS)
Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA)
Conclusion
Mission Patch for the Messenger Program
Bibliography
Chapter 8: Japanese and European Space Agency Spacecraft that Explored Venus 2005–2020
Venus Express Spacecraft
Mechanical Configuration of Venus Express
Venus Express Systems
Propulsion System
Attitude Control
Electrical Power for Venus Express
Telecommunications System
Data Management System
Flight of Venus Express
Scientific Instruments
Venus Monitoring Camera
Analyser of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-4)
Magnetometer (MAG)
Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS)
Spectroscopy for Investigation of Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus/Solar Occultation at Infrared (SPICA/SOIR)
Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS)
Akatsuki Spacecraft (Japan)
Mechanical Configuration of Akatsuki
Akatsuki Systems
Propulsion System
Attitude Control
Electrical Power
Telecommunications System
Flight of Akatsuki
Science Instruments
Ultraviolet Imager (UVI)
1 μm Camera (IR1)
2 μm Camera (IR2)
Long-Wave Infrared Camera (LIR)
Digital Electronics Unit
Lightning and Airglow Camera (LAC)
Radio Occultation Experiment
Bibliography
Index