دانلود کتاب Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 6: Radiative Transfer, Light Scattering, and Remote Sensing

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Contents
sqrtε Law: Centennial of the First Exact Result of Classical Radiative Transfer Theory
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Prologue
2.1 The Green Function
2.2 Derivation of the sqrtε Law
3 Ancient History of sqrtε
3.1 Scattering Atmospheres
3.2 Milne–Eddington Model
3.3 Milne Equation
4 Resonance Radiation: Lévy Flights and sqrtε
4.1 Biberman–Holstein Equation
4.2 Transfer of Excitation in Scattering Media
4.3 Boundary Layer
4.4 Refinements
5 H–Functions, Fraunhafer Lines and sqrtε
5.1 Emergent Radiation. H–functions
5.2 Account for Continuum Absorption
6 Finite Layer: sqrtε and Scaling
6.1 Boundary Layers
6.2 Interior Solution
7 Methods of Derivation of the sqrtε Law
8 Polarization: Generalizations of the sqrtε Law
8.1 Second Solar Spectrum
8.2 Resonance Scattering. Vectors
8.3 Resonance Scattering. Matrices
8.4 Magnetic Field. Hanle Effect
9 Lévy Flights: Approximations Inspired by the sqrtε Law
9.1 An Illustration
9.2 Basic Approximation
9.3 Discussion
9.4 Notes
9.5 Finite Layer
10 Conclusion
References
Solar Heating of the Cryosphere: Snow and Ice Sheets
1 Introduction
2 Differential Models for Radiative Transfer in Light Scattering Media
2.1 Transport Approximation
2.2 The Simplest Differential Approximations
2.3 Propagation of Solar Radiation in Snow
2.4 Modified Solution for Refracting Host Medium
3 Computational Model for Combined Heat Transfer
4 Heating of a Snowpack by Solar Radiation
4.1 Spectral Optical Properties of Pure Snow
5 Effect of Snow Pollution on Radiative Heating of Snowpack
5.1 Internal Versus External Mixture of Soot
6 Solar Heating of Ice Containing Gas Bubbles
6.1 Optical Properties of Ice Containing Numerous Gas Bubbles
6.2 Absorption of Solar Radiation in Scattering Ice Sheet
6.3 The Case Study for Solar Heating of Ice Sheet
7 Conclusion
References
Stereological Methods in the Theory of Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles
1 Introduction
2 Fraunhofer Diffraction
2.1 Single Obstacle Approximation
2.2 Diffraction by a Screen
2.3 Discussion
3 Rayleigh–Gans Approximation
3.1 Solution for a Single Particle
3.2 Densely Packed Random Medium
4 Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin Approximation and Anomalous Diffraction
4.1 Single Particle
4.2 Comparison with the Discrete-Dipole Approximation
4.3 Discussion
5 Geometrical Optics
5.1 Extinction and Absorption
5.2 Scattering Phase Function
5.3 Polarization
5.4 Numerical Comparison with Some Models
6 Application to Optics of Snow and White Ice
6.1 Theory
6.2 In Situ Measurements
6.3 Laboratory Measurements
7 Conclusion
References
Inverse Methods in Studies of Terrestrial Atmosphere
1 Introduction
2 Remote Sensing Instrumentation
3 The Coupled Atmosphere—Surface Properties and Satellite Processing Chains
4 Inverse Problems
4.1 Classification of Inverse Problems
4.2 The Inversion Theory
4.3 Machine Learning Methodologies
4.4 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
4.5 Random Forests
5 Conclusions
References
Index