دانلود کتاب Standard practice for the design and operation of supercooled fog dispersal projects : ASCE Standard ANSI/ASCE/EWRI 44-13

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Standard Practice for the Design and Operation of Supercooled Fog Dispersal Projects, ANSI/ASCE/EWRI 44-13, presents guidelines for programs aimed at dispersing supercooled fog. Extended periods of fog can have large economic impacts on aviation, tourism, transportation, and mining industriesas well as a negative effect on agriculture. These problems can be reduced through the use of state-of-the-art supercooled fog dispersal technologies to increase visibility. This Standard describes the process through which supercooled fog dispersal operations should be designed, conducted, and evaluated. A review of supercooled fog dispersal technology is followed by a discussion of fog characteristics. The design of these projects encompasses such topics as project scope, delivery methods, seeding agent selection, targeting and delivery considerations, and seeding suspension criteria. Aspects of conducting a dispersal project include the operational manual, personnel requirements, decision-making, communications, and public information and safety considerations. Methods of evaluating a project are described. Standard 44 is particularly useful to hydrologists, hydrometeorologists, environmental and water resources engineers, airport and mining operations managers, water managers with governmental agencies, surface transportation managers, and others who deal with the limitations posed by supercooled fog