دانلود کتاب Starting out with C++: from control structures through objects

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Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 17
1.1 Why Program?......Page 33
1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software......Page 34
1.3 Programs and Programming Languages......Page 40
1.4 What Is a Program Made of?......Page 46
1.5 Input, Processing, and Output......Page 49
1.6 The Programming Process......Page 50
1.7 Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming......Page 54
2.1 The Parts of a C++ Program......Page 59
2.2 The cout Object......Page 63
2.3 The #include Directive......Page 68
2.4 Variables and Literals......Page 69
2.5 Identifiers......Page 73
2.6 Integer Data Types......Page 74
2.7 The char Data Type......Page 80
2.8 The C++ string Class......Page 84
2.9 Floating-Point Data Types......Page 86
2.10 The bool Data Type......Page 89
2.11 Determining the Size of a Data Type......Page 90
2.12 Variable Assignments and Initialization......Page 91
2.14 Arithmetic Operators......Page 93
2.15 Comments......Page 101
2.16 Named Constants......Page 103
2.17 Programming Style......Page 105
3.1 The cin Object......Page 115
3.2 Mathematical Expressions......Page 121
3.3 When You Mix Apples and Oranges: Type Conversion......Page 130
3.4 Overflow and Underflow......Page 132
3.5 Type Casting......Page 133
3.6 Multiple Assignment and Combined Assignment......Page 136
3.7 Formatting Output......Page 140
3.8 Working with Characters and string Objects......Page 150
3.9 More Mathematical Library Functions......Page 156
3.10 Focus on Debugging: Hand Tracing a Program......Page 162
3.11 Focus on Problem Solving: A Case Study......Page 164
4.1 Relational Operators......Page 181
4.2 The if Statement......Page 186
4.3 Expanding the if Statement......Page 194
4.4 The if/else Statement......Page 198
4.5 Nested if Statements......Page 201
4.6 The if/else if Statement......Page 208
4.7 Flags......Page 213
4.8 Logical Operators......Page 214
4.9 Checking Numeric Ranges with Logical Operators......Page 221
4.10 Menus......Page 222
4.11 Focus on Software Engineering: Validating User Input......Page 225
4.12 Comparing Characters and Strings......Page 227
4.13 The Conditional Operator......Page 231
4.14 The switch Statement......Page 234
4.15 More About Blocks and Variable Scope......Page 243
5.1 The Increment and Decrement Operators......Page 259
5.2 Introduction to Loops: The while Loop......Page 264
5.3 Using the while Loop for Input Validation......Page 271
5.4 Counters......Page 273
5.5 The do-while Loop......Page 274
5.6 The for Loop......Page 279
5.7 Keeping a Running Total......Page 289
5.8 Sentinels......Page 292
5.9 Focus on Software Engineering: Deciding Which Loop to Use......Page 293
5.10 Nested Loops......Page 294
5.11 Using Files for Data Storage......Page 297
5.12 Optional Topics: Breaking and Continuing a Loop......Page 316
6.1 Focus on Software Engineering: Modular Programming......Page 331
6.2 Defining and Calling Functions......Page 332
6.3 Function Prototypes......Page 341
6.4 Sending Data into a Function......Page 343
6.5 Passing Data by Value......Page 348
6.6 Focus on Software Engineering: Using Functions in a Menu-Driven Program......Page 350
6.7 The return Statement......Page 354
6.8 Returning a Value from a Function......Page 356
6.9 Returning a Boolean Value......Page 364
6.10 Local and Global Variables......Page 366
6.11 Static Local Variables......Page 374
6.12 Default Arguments......Page 377
6.13 Using Reference Variables as Parameters......Page 380
6.14 Overloading Functions......Page 386
6.15 The exit() Function......Page 390
6.16 Stubs and Drivers......Page 393
7.1 Arrays Hold Multiple Values......Page 407
7.2 Accessing Array Elements......Page 409
7.3 No Bounds Checking in C++......Page 416
7.4 Array Initialization......Page 419
7.5 The Range-Based for Loop......Page 424
7.6 Processing Array Contents......Page 428
7.7 Focus on Software Engineering: Using Parallel Arrays......Page 436
7.8 Arrays as Function Arguments......Page 439
7.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays......Page 450
7.10 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions......Page 457
7.11 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study......Page 459
7.12 If You Plan to Continue in Computer Science: Introduction to the STL vector......Page 461
8.1 Focus on Software Engineering: Introduction to Search Algorithms......Page 489
8.2 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study......Page 495
8.3 Focus on Software Engineering: Introduction to Sorting Algorithms......Page 502
8.4 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study......Page 509
8.5 If You Plan to Continue in Computer Science: Sorting and Searching vectors......Page 517
9.1 Getting the Address of a Variable......Page 527
9.2 Pointer Variables......Page 529
9.3 The Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers......Page 536
9.4 Pointer Arithmetic......Page 540
9.5 Initializing Pointers......Page 542
9.6 Comparing Pointers......Page 543
9.7 Pointers as Function Parameters......Page 545
9.8 Focus on Software Engineering: Dynamic Memory Allocation......Page 554
9.9 Focus on Software Engineering: Returning Pointers from Functions......Page 558
9.10 Using Smart Pointers to Avoid Memory Leaks......Page 565
9.11 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study......Page 568
10.1 Character Testing......Page 579
10.2 Character Case Conversion......Page 583
10.3 C-Strings......Page 586
10.4 Library Functions for Working with C-Strings......Page 590
10.5 C-String/Numeric Conversion Functions......Page 601
10.6 Focus on Software Engineering: Writing Your Own C-String-Handling Functions......Page 607
10.7 More About the C++ string Class......Page 613
10.8 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study......Page 622
11.1 Abstract Data Types......Page 631
11.2 Focus on Software Engineering: Combining Data into Structures......Page 633
11.3 Accessing Structure Members......Page 636
11.4 Initializing a Structure......Page 640
11.5 Arrays of Structures......Page 643
11.6 Focus on Software Engineering: Nested Structures......Page 645
11.7 Structures as Function Arguments......Page 649
11.8 Returning a Structure from a Function......Page 652
11.9 Pointers to Structures......Page 655
11.10 Focus on Software Engineering: When to Use ., When to Use ->, and When to Use *......Page 658
11.11 Unions......Page 660
11.12 Enumerated Data Types......Page 664
12.1 File Operations......Page 689
12.2 File Output Formatting......Page 695
12.3 Passing File Stream Objects to Functions......Page 697
12.4 More Detailed Error Testing......Page 699
12.5 Member Functions for Reading and Writing Files......Page 702
12.6 Focus on Software Engineering: Working with Multiple Files......Page 710
12.7 Binary Files......Page 712
12.8 Creating Records with Structures......Page 717
12.9 Random-Access Files......Page 721
12.10 Opening a File for Both Input and Output......Page 729
13.1 Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming......Page 743
13.2 Introduction to Classes......Page 750
13.3 Defining an Instance of a Class......Page 755
13.4 Why Have Private Members?......Page 768
13.5 Focus on Software Engineering: Separating Class Specification from Implementation......Page 769
13.6 Inline Member Functions......Page 775
13.7 Constructors......Page 778
13.8 Passing Arguments to Constructors......Page 782
13.9 Destructors......Page 790
13.10 Overloading Constructors......Page 794
13.11 Private Member Functions......Page 797
13.12 Arrays of Objects......Page 799
13.13 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: An OOP Case Study......Page 803
13.14 Focus on Object-Oriented Programming: Simulating Dice with Objects......Page 810
13.15 Focus on Object-Oriented Programming: Creating an Abstract Array Data Type......Page 814
13.16 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: The Unified Modeling Language (UML)......Page 817
13.17 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes and Their Responsibilities......Page 820
14.1 Instance and Static Members......Page 843
14.2 Friends of Classes......Page 851
14.3 Memberwise Assignment......Page 856
14.4 Copy Constructors......Page 857
14.5 Operator Overloading......Page 863
14.6 Object Conversion......Page 890
14.7 Aggregation......Page 892
14.8 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaborations......Page 897
14.9 Focus on Object-Oriented Programming: Simulating the Game of Cho-Han......Page 901
15.1 What Is Inheritance?......Page 923
15.2 Protected Members and Class Access......Page 932
15.3 Constructors and Destructors in Base and Derived Classes......Page 938
15.4 Redefining Base Class Functions......Page 950
15.5 Class Hierarchies......Page 955
15.6 Polymorphism and Virtual Member Functions......Page 961
15.7 Abstract Base Classes and Pure Virtual Functions......Page 977
15.8 Multiple Inheritance......Page 984
16.1 Exceptions......Page 1003
16.2 Function Templates......Page 1022
16.4 Class Templates......Page 1028
16.5 Introduction to the Standard Template Library (STL)......Page 1037
17.1 Introduction to the Linked List ADT......Page 1057
17.2 Linked List Operations......Page 1059
17.3 A Linked List Template......Page 1075
17.4 Variations of the Linked List......Page 1087
17.5 The STL list Container......Page 1088
18.1 Introduction to the Stack ADT......Page 1095
18.2 Dynamic Stacks......Page 1112
18.3 The STL stack Container......Page 1123
18.4 Introduction to the Queue ADT......Page 1125
18.5 Dynamic Queues......Page 1137
18.6 The STL deque and queue Containers......Page 1144
19.1 Introduction to Recursion......Page 1153
19.2 Solving Problems with Recursion......Page 1157
19.3 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: The Recursive gcd Function......Page 1165
19.4 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: Solving Recursively Defined Problems......Page 1166
19.5 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: Recursive Linked List Operations......Page 1167
19.6 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Recursive Binary Search Function......Page 1171
19.7 The Towers of Hanoi......Page 1173
19.8 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: The QuickSort Algorithm......Page 1176
19.9 Exhaustive Algorithms......Page 1180
19.10 Focus on Software Engineering: Recursion vs. Iteration......Page 1183
20.1 Definition and Applications of Binary Trees......Page 1187
20.2 Binary Search Tree Operations......Page 1190
20.3 Template Considerations for Binary Search Trees......Page 1207
Appendix A Getting Started with Alice 2......Page 1217
Appendix B The ASCII Character Set......Page 1243
Appendix C Operator Precedence and Associativity......Page 1245
C++ Quick Reference......Page 1247
A......Page 1249
B......Page 1250
C......Page 1251
D......Page 1253
E......Page 1254
F......Page 1255
I......Page 1257
L......Page 1258
M......Page 1259
N......Page 1260
O......Page 1261
P......Page 1262
R......Page 1263
S......Page 1264
V......Page 1266
Z......Page 1267
Credit......Page 1269