Steroids and Their Medicinal Potential

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توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب Steroids and Their Medicinal Potential

نام کتاب : Steroids and Their Medicinal Potential
عنوان ترجمه شده به فارسی : استروئیدها و پتانسیل دارویی آنها
سری :
نویسندگان :
ناشر : Bentham Science Publishers
سال نشر : 2023
تعداد صفحات : 330
ISBN (شابک) : 9789815049350
زبان کتاب : English
فرمت کتاب : pdf
حجم کتاب : 12 مگابایت



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Cover
Steroids and Their Medicinal Potential
Copyright
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Terpenes, Terpenoids and Steroids: Properties, Biosynthesis and Functions
INTRODUCTION
TERPENES
Properties of Terpenes
Biosynthesis
TERPENOIDS
Properties of Terpenoids
Functions
Biosynthesis
STEROIDS
Properties
Functions
Biosynthesis
Biosynthetic Pathways
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
An Overview of Natural Steroid Sources and their Therapeutic Profile
INTRODUCTION
Secosteroids
Sterols
ROLE OF STEROIDS IN THE HUMAN BODY
STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS
CORTICOSTEROIDS
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
MINERALOCORTICOIDS
REPRODUCTIVE STEROIDS
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
DISTRIBUTION OF STEROIDS IN NATURAL SOURCES
Invertebrates
Insects
Marine Organisms
Vertebrates
Plantae
Higher Plants
Algae
Fungi
Yeast
Bacteria
DIETARY SOURCES
MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
NATURAL STEROIDS AS PROTAGONISTS
Antioxidants
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-cancer Activity
Anti-cholesterol Agents
Neuroprotective Effects
Antimicrobial Agent
Antiplasmodial Agent
Antigenotoxic Agent
Immunomodulatory Agents
OTHER POTENTIAL ACTIVITIES OF BIOSTEROIDS
FUTURE PROSPECTS OF BIO-STEROIDS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Synthesis of Steroids
INTRODUCTION
Biosynthesis of Steroids in Mammals
Cholesterol and its Derivates
Biosynthesis of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Hormones
Synthesis of Sex Hormones (Androgens and Estrogens)
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Formation of Bile Salts from Cholesterol
Chemical Synthesis of Steroids
Diels-Alder Addition
Formation of A Ring of Tetracyclic Framework
Formation of B Ring
Formation of the C Ring
Johnson\'s Biomimetic Cyclizations
Torgov Synthesis
Friedel-Crafts Type Reactions
Partial Synthesis of Steroids
Estranes
Androstanes
Vitamin D
Cardiac Steroids
Microbial Biotransformation of Steroids
Fungal Hydroxylation
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Biotransformation of Steroids: Accelerating Discovery of New Drugs in the Pharmaceutical Industry
INTRODUCTION
Steroids
FUNGI
MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION
CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION OF STEROIDS IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
MICROBIAL CONVERSION OF STEROIDS: HISTORY, AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT
MICROORGANISMS AS IN-VITRO MODEL FOR MAMMALIAN DRUG METABOLISM
FUNGAL TRANSFORMATION OF STEROIDS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Biological Significance of Steroids
INTRODUCTION
Insect Steroids
Vertebrate Steroids
Steroid Hormones
Corticosteroids
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Anabolic Steroids
Sex Hormones
Contraceptive Steroids
Progestogens
Mechanism of Action of Progestogens
Estrogens
STEROLS
[Phytosterols]
Phytosterols
Brassinosteroids
Cholesterol
Sterols and Bile Acids
STEROIDS OF INSECTS, FUNGI, AND OTHER ORGANISMS
MISCELLANEOUS STEROIDS
Androstane Derivatives
Antenatal Steroids
Cardiotonic Steroids
Digoxin
Steroidal Alkaloids Like Batrachotoxins
THERAPEUTIC ROLE OF STEROIDS
Steroids in Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting
Steroids as Analgesic Adjuncts
Steroids in Hyperreactive Airway
Steroids in Aspiration Pneumonitis
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
A Comprehensive Overview of Estrogen: Physio- logical and Pathological Insights
INTRODUCTION
Structure of Estrogen
Structure of Estrogen Receptors
Synthesis of Estrogen
Estrogen Signaling
Genomic Signaling
Non-genomic Signalling
PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF ESTROGEN
Cardioprotective Effects
Skin Physiology
Neuroprotective Effect
Alzheimer’s Disease
Parkinson`s Disease
Cerebral Ischemia
Glucose Homeostasis
Bone Homeostasis
PATHOLOGICAL ROLES OF ESTROGEN
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Endometriosis
Prostate cancer
Breast Cancer
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Plant Cardenolides: Multifunctional Medicinal Agents
INTRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARDENOLIDES
Anticancer Property
Antiviral Activity
Anti-inflammatory
Neuroprotective Activity
Other Functions of Cardenolides
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Immunological Significance of Steroids and Implications for Immune Related Diseases
INTRODUCTION
SIGNIFICANCE OF STEROIDS IN REGULATING IMMUNE SYSTEM
Existence of Sexual Dimorphism in Immune Response
Alteration of Immune Response Due to Gonadectomy and Sex Hormone Replacement
Alteration of Immune Response During the Time of Pregnancy
Presence of Specific Receptors of Steroids in Immune System
STEROIDAL REGULATION OF IMMUNE CELLS
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
IMMUNOMODULATORY STEROIDS IN CLINICAL ROUTINE AND FUTURE PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS
CORTICOSTEROIDS
Anti-inflammatory Agents
Presurgical Steroidal Treatment
Analgesic Steroids
Corticosteroids Gestational Use
Treating Cancer-associated Symptoms
Ophthalmologic Applications
Anti-arthritic
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Therapy (ARDS)
Beneficial Effects on Paediatrics
REPRODUCTIVE STEROIDS
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ASPECTS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Heterocyclic Steroids
INTRODUCTION
Azasteroids
Synthetic Approaches
Oxasteroids
Synthetic Approaches
Thiasteroids
Synthetic Approaches
Heterosteroids Containing Nuclear O, S, and N
Miscellaneous Heterocyclic Steroids
Synthesis of Steroidal-pyrimidine Systems Fused to Rings-A and D.
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Spectroscopic Analysis of Steroids
INTRODUCTION
An Insight into Organic Spectroscopy
Steroids: An Introduction
Classical Methods of Steroid Analysis
Modern Methods of Steroid Analysis
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Hooke’s Law
Sample Preparations
Instrumentation
Interpretation of IR Spectra
Carbonyl Groups
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY
Principles of Absorption Spectroscopy
Spectra Measurement
Solvent Used for UV Spectroscopy
Effect of pH:
UV Absorption of Common Chromophores
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) SPECTROSCOPY
Magnetic Properties of Nucleus
The NMR Phenomenon and Related Terms
Magnetic Nuclei
Larmor Precession
NMR Spectrometer and Obtaining NMR Spectrum
NMR Parameters
Chemical shift
Spin-Spin Coupling
Signal Multiplicity
Intensity of Signals
Relaxation Time
Factors Affecting NMR Spectrum
Molecular Symmetry and Equivalence of Nuclei
Order of the Spectrum and Coupling Spin Systems
Spin Decoupling and Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE)
Magnetic Field, Solvent, Concentration and Temperature
Structure Analysis of Steroids by 1H NMR
COSY, HSQC and NOESY
Understanding the 1H-NMR Patterns in Steroids by Some Known Examples
Structure Analysis of Steroids by 13C NMR
Deutirium Coupling
Understanding the 13C-NMR Patterns in Steroids by some known Examples
Identification of Common Impurities in NMR Spectra
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Ion Formation in the Ionization Chamber
Types of Ionizations in Mass Spectrometers
Analysis of Steroids by GC Negative Chemical Ionization-MS
Analysis of Steroids by ESI
EI fragmentation of Steroids
Some Common Fragmentation Patterns in Steroids
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Destructive Effects of Steroidal Drug Abuse and their Immunological Impact
INTRODUCTION
STEROIDAL DRUGS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
Catabolic Steroids and their Applications
Anabolic Steroids and their Applications
STEROIDAL ABUSE AND THEIR AFTERMATH
Impact on Bone
Impact on the Immune System
Impact on Muscle and Heart
Impact on Fat Metabolism
Impact on Glucose Metabolism
Impact on Skin
Impact on Vision
Impact on the Gastrointestinal System
Impact on Neuropsychiatry
Impact on Paediatrics
PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE THERAPIES
FUTURE ASPECTS
CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Cover back




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