دانلود کتاب Surgery Morning Report: Beyond the Pearls

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Front Cover
Inside Front Cover
Surgery Morning Report: Beyond the Pearls
Copyright
Dedications
Preface
Series Editor Preface
Foreword
Editorial by Dr. Rozy Khan
Contributors
Contents
Half Title
Section 1: General Principles
Chapter 1: Medical Student and Resident Survival at Morning Report
Survival Tip 1: \"Do Not Be a Bleeder\"
Survival Tip 2: Honesty First
Survival Tip 3: Be Prepared
Survival Tip 4: Be Concise but Full of Information
Survival Tip 5: Be Polished
Survival Tip 6: How to Successfully Navigate Case Conference
Dont Repeat the Details of the Case Out Loud
Dont Default to Consulting Another Team
Hedging Your Bets
Dont Offer Up More Information Than Is Needed to Answer a Question Asked of You
Admit When You Dont Know the Next Step and Read About It
Survival Tip 7: Do Not Be Offended by Critical Questioning
Survival Tip 8: Cut Them Off at the Pass
Survival Tip 9: Gamification
Survival Tip 10: Be a Leader
Chapter 2: Preoperative and Postoperative Patient Care
Standard Preoperative Evaluation
Preoperative Patient Counseling
Informed Consent
The Day of Surgery
Routine Postoperative Care
Postoperative Analgesia
Postoperative Assessment
Discharge From the Hospital
What Instructions Should a Patient Receive When Leaving the Hospital?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 3: Surgical Techniques
Surgical Fundamentals of Anesthesia
Patient positioning
Sedation pharmacology
Types of anesthesia
Airway management
Fundamentals of Open and Minimally Invasive Surgery
Gaining open abdominal access
Technical considerations of laparoscopy
Cardiopulmonary considerations of laparoscopy
Gaining laparoscopic abdominal access
Suture
Electrosurgery
Suggested Readings
Chapter 4: Radiology: Basic Methods and Modalities
Introduction
Contrast Agents
Plain Radiographs
Common surgical uses of plain radiographs
Abnormal Chest Radiograph Findings of Interest for the Surgeon-in-Training
Abdominal radiographs
Abnormal Findings of Interest on a KUB to the Surgeon-in-Training
Obstruction Series
Fluoroscopy
Cross-sectional Imaging: Computed Tomography
Cross-sectional Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Ultrasound
Nuclear Imaging Studies
Section 2: Abdominal Pain
Chapter 5: Right Lower Quadrant Pain in a 28-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Right Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain?
What Is the Pathogenesis of Acute Appendicitis?
What Are the Physical Examination Findings in Acute Appendicitis?
What Is the Workup of Acute Appendicitis?
What Is the Management of Acute Nonperforated Appendicitis?
What Is the Management of Perforated Appendicitis?
What Are Potential Complications of an Appendectomy?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 6: Right Upper Quadrant Pain in a 44-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Right Upper Quadrant Pain?
What Is the Workup for This Patient?
What Is Uncomplicated Gallbladder Disease and How Is It Treated?
What Are the Complications of Gallbladder Disease?
What Is the Surgical Treatment for Gallbladder disease?
What Are the Complications of Cholecystectomy?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 7: Epigastric Pain in a 47-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Acute Epigastric Pain?
What Diagnostic Studies Should Be Obtained?
Scenario 1
What Is the Most Likely Diagnosis at This Point?
What Are the Main Etiologies of PUD?
How Is H. pylori Infection Diagnosed?
How Is Duodenal Ulceration Treated?
What Are the Complications of PUD? How Are These Treated, and When Is Surgery Indicated?
Scenario 2
What Is the Most Likely Diagnosis at This Point?
What Causes Acute Pancreatitis?
How Is Acute Pancreatitis Managed?
What Are the Possible Complications of Acute Pancreatitis?
Pancreatic necrosis
Pseudocyst
Pancreatic collection or fistula
Chronic pancreatitis
Suggested Readings
Chapter 8: Left Lower Quadrant Pain in a 67-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis of Left Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain?
What Is the Next Best Step in Diagnosis for Patients With Left Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain?
How Is Acute Diverticulitis Classified and How Does the Classification Affect Treatment?
What Considerations Are Important in the Outpatient Management of Diverticulitis?
What Do You Expect to Find on CT Scan of the Abdomen/Pelvis?
What Are the Operative Considerations for Managing Her Hinchey III and IV Complicated Diverticulitis?
How Long After a Hartmanns Procedure Do Patients Have to Wait to Have Their Colostomy Reversed?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 9: Groin Mass in a 48-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Groin Pain?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques to Evaluate a Groin Mass?
What Are the Types of Hernias and How Can They Be Distinguished?
What Are Some Clinical Findings of Incarceration and Strangulation?
Do All Patients With Abdominal Wall Hernias Require Surgical Repair?
What Are the Types of Surgery for Inguinal Hernia Repair?
What Are the Potential Complications of Herniorrhaphy?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 10: Abdominal Pain and Diarrhea in a 43-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain and Diarrhea?
What Are Important Physical Examination Findings When Evaluating a Patient With Diarrhea?
What Are Some of the Other Etiologies of Infectious Diarrhea and How Do They Present?
What Is the Pathogenesis of the Development of C. difficile Infectious Colitis?
What Is the Treatment for C. difficile Colitis?
What Are the Clinical, Endoscopic, and Pathologic Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
What Are the Options for Medical Management of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohns Disease?
What Are the Indications for Surgical Management of Ulcerative Colitis?
What Are the Indications for Surgical Management of Crohns Disease?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 11: Abdominal Pain and Distention in a 63-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Abdominal Pain and Distention?
Why Are the History and Physical Examination So Important for Diagnosing the Cause of Abdominal Pain and Distention?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques to Evaluate Abdominal Pain and Distention?
What Imaging Modalities Are Indicated to Assess a Patient With Abdominal Pain and Distension?
How Is a Small Bowel Obstruction Managed? What Determines If a Patient Needs Surgery?
How Is a Large Bowel Obstruction Managed? How Does It Differ Depending on the Etiology and Status of the Ileocecal Valve?
What Are Other Causes of Abdominal Pain and Distention Aside From Obstructions and How Are They Treated?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 12: \"Free Air\" in a 72-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Free Air?
What Are the Key Components of the Physical Examination in Patients for Whom There Is a Concern for Free Air?
What Imaging Studies Are Indicated in This Patient?
What Are the Types of Ulcers?
What Are the Risk Factors for Ulcer Disease?
Do All Patients With a Perforated Peptic Ulcer Require Surgery?
What Is the Postoperative Management of Patients Undergoing Repair of a Perforated Peptic Ulcer?
Suggested Readings
Section 3: Gastrointestinal Surgery
Chapter 13: Reflux in a 67-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Reflux and Regurgitation?
What Are the Primary Studies That Will Distinguish Between These Diagnoses?
What Are the Indications for Surgical Treatment of a Hiatal Hernia?
How Are Hiatal Hernias Categorized?
What Other Studies Should Be Completed Before the Surgical Treatment of Reflux Disease?
What Are the Surgical Treatment Options for Reflux and Hiatal Hernia?
What Are the Important Postoperative Complications Related to a Nissen Fundoplication?
References
Chapter 14: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a 58-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Upper Black Tarry Stools?
What Is the Appropriate Next Step in Management for Unstable Patients With Melena?
What Are the Most Commonly Encountered Complications of Duodenal Ulcers?
What Is the Most Appropriate Next Step in Management?
What Are Some Important Aspects in the Postoperative Management of Patients After Surgical Management of a Bleeding Ulcer?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 15: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a 71-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Bright Red Blood Per Rectum?
What Are the Steps in Workup of a Patient With Bright Red Blood Per Rectum?
What Imaging Studies Are Available to Localize the Source of a Lower GI Bleed?
When Is Surgical Intervention Indicated in a Lower GI Bleed?
What Is the Staging Workup for Colon Cancer?
What Are the Treatment Options for Colon Cancer?
Suggested Reading
Chapter 16: Morbid Obesity in a 29-Year-Old Female
What Is the Definition of Morbid Obesity?
What Are the Treatments for Obesity?
What Are the Indications and Contraindications for Bariatric Surgery?
What Is Included in the Preoperative Evaluation and Workup for Bariatric Surgery?
What Types of Bariatric Surgery Are Available, and to Which Patients Should Each Be Offered?
What Are the Potential Early Complications of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy?
What Are the Potential Complications of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass?
What Are the Long-term Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery?
What Are the Late Complications of Sleeve Gastrectomy?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 17: Anorectal Pain in a 45-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Anorectal Pain?
What Are the Important Aspects of the History and Physical Examination in the Evaluation of a Patient With Anorectal Pain?
What Are the Important Pathophysiological and Pathologic Differences Between the Causes for Perianal Pain?
Fissure
Abscess
Fistula
Prolapse
Proctitis
Hemorrhoids
How Are Hemorrhoids Classified and What Are the Treatment Options?
What Are the Treatment Modalities for Other Causes of Perianal Pain?
Fissure
Abscess
Fistula
Prolapse
Proctitis
Suggested Readings
Section 4: Surgical Oncology
Chapter 18: Breast Mass in a 32-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for a Palpable Breast Mass?
What Are the Important Aspects to Taking a Thorough History for Breast Disease?
What Are the Important Aspects of a Complete Breast Physical Examination?
What Are the Steps in Working Up a Newly Detected Breast Lesion?
Do All Benign Breast Lesions Require Surgery?
How Are Breast Lesions Identified in the Operating Room?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 19: Abnormal Screening Mammogram in a 48-Year-Old Female
What Are the Recommendations for Breast Cancer Screening?
What Mammographic Findings Are Concerning for Breast Cancer?
What Is Necessary in the Clinical Evaluation of a Newly Diagnosed Breast Mass?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Abnormalities on Screening Mammogram?
Benign
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
Invasive Carcinoma
Other Malignant Conditions
What Are the Inherited and Genetic Risks for the Development of Breast Cancer?
What Are the Surgical Options for the Treatment of Breast Cancer?
Breast Conservation Therapy
Mastectomy
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy
Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy
How Is Breast Cancer Staged?
What Are the Current Standards for Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Hormonal Therapy for Breast Cancer?
Endocrine and Targeted Therapy
Suggested Readings
Chapter 20: Pigmented Skin Lesion in a 58-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for a Pigmented Skin Lesion?
Benign Lesions
Cancerous Lesions
What Are the Key Aspects of a Physical Examination in a Patient With a Pigmented Skin Lesion?
What Is the Preferred Method of Diagnosis for Pigmented Skin Lesions?
What Are the Most Common Types of Cutaneous Melanoma?
What Are the Current Guidelines for Surgical Approach to Malignant Melanoma of the Skin?
What Is the Relevant Anatomy for a Superficial (Inguinofemoral) Lymphadenectomy?
What Are the Potential Complications of an Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 21: Dysphagia in a 62-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Dysphagia?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques and Workup to Evaluate a Suspected Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer?
How Is Esophageal Cancer Staged and How Does Staging Affect Treatment Nodalities?
What Are the Surgical Approaches Used for Resecting Esophageal Cancers?
What Are the Contraindications to Surgical Resection?
What Are the Potential Complications of Esophagectomy?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 22: Thyroid Nodule in a 48-Year-Old Female
What Are the Important Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations of the Thyroid Gland?
Anatomy
Physiology
What Are the Important Components Within the History and Physical Examination for Evaluation of a Thyroid Nodule?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis of a Thyroid Nodule?
What Is the Workup of a Thyroid Nodule?
What Are the Management Options for Patients With Thyroid Nodules?
How Is Thyroid Cancer Staged?
What Are the Potential Complications of Thyroid Surgery?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 23: Hypercalcemia in a 56-Year-Old Female
What Are the Main Mediators of Calcium Homeostasis?
How Is Parathyroid Hormone Secretion Regulated?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Hypercalcemia?
What Are the Clinical Manifestations of Hypercalcemia?
What Underlying Genetic Conditions Should Be Considered in a Patient With Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
What Is the Treatment for Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
What Are Potential Concerns After Parathyroidectomy?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 24: Lateral Neck Mass in a 67-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for a Neck Mass and What Elements of the Patients History Are Important for Narrowing th ...
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques to Evaluate a Neck Mass?
What Is the Relevant Anatomy in the Neck?
What Additional Diagnostic Testing Should Be Considered in the Evaluation of a Neck Mass?
Imaging
Biopsy
What Are the Treatments for the Most Common Pathologies Resulting in Neck Masses?
Lymphona
Primary skin cancers
Salivary gland tumors
Metastic carcinoma
Benign lymphadenopathy
Suggested Readings
Chapter 25: Thigh Mass in a 35-Year-Old Male
What Are Key Portions of the History to Elicit From a Patient Presenting With a New Mass?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Extremity Masses?
What Are Key Findings on Physical Examination for Extremity Masses?
What Are the Diagnostic Steps in Evaluating an Extremity Mass?
What Is the Staging System for Sarcomas?
What Is the Treatment for Sarcoma?
What Are the Principles of Surgical Resection of Sarcomas
What Follow-up Is Required After Sarcoma Treatment?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 26: Jaundice in a 63-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Jaundice?
What Are the History and Physical Examination Techniques in Evaluating Patients With Jaundice?
What Diagnostic Modalities Are Used in the Workup of Patients With Jaundice?
What Are the Next Steps in Management of a Patient Who Has Been Diagnosed With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma?
What Are the Types of Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer?
What Are the Potential Complications After Pancreaticoduodenectomy?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 27: Splenomegaly in a 40-Year-Old Female
What is the Differential Diagnosis of Splenomegaly?
How Is Splenomegaly Evaluated on Physical Examination?
What Workup Should Be Included in the Evaluation of the Spleen?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Myeloproliferative Disorders Causing Splenomegaly?
What Are the Indications for Splenectomy?
What Approaches Are Available for Splenectomy?
What Are the Major Complications of Splenectomy?
Suggested Readings
Section 5: Vascular Surgery
Chapter 28: Leg Pain in a 55-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Leg Pain?
Who Is at Risk for Peripheral Arterial Disease and How Is the Severity Graded?
What Are the Expected Physical Examination Findings in Peripheral Vascular Disease?
What Studies Are Useful in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease?
What Are the Treatment Options for Patients With Peripheral Vascular Disease?
What Interventions Are Performed for Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease?
What Preoperative Workup Is Necessary Before a Peripheral Bypass?
What Types of Peripheral Bypass Are Possible?
What Are the Considerations in Planning a Bypass?
What Are the Potential Complications of Lower Extremity Bypass for Peripheral Arterial Disease?
How Are Patients Who Undergo a Peripheral Bypass Followed Postoperatively?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 29: 66- and 68-Year-Old Sisters with Lower Extremity Swelling
What Is the Differential Diagnosis of Leg Swelling?
What Is the Workup of a Patient Who Presents with Lower Extremity Edema?
What Are the Therapeutic Options for Patients with Lower Extremity Edema?
Medical/systemic causes
Deep venous thrombosis
Chronic venous insufficency
What Are Additional Causes of Venous Outflow Obstruction?
What Are the Long-term Strategies for Treatment and Follow-up in Patients with Lower Extremity Venous Disease?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 30: Transient Vision Loss in a 74-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Vision Loss?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques to Evaluate Potential Carotid Stenosis?
What Is the Next Step in Evaluating Carotid Stenosis?
What Are the Options and Recommendations for the Management of Carotid Stenosis?
What Are the Potential Complications of Carotid Endarterectomy?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 31: Abdominal Pain in a 55-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Acute, Severe Abdominal Pain?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques to Evaluate Acute Abdominal Pain?
What Are the Imaging Modalities That Can Be Used for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms?
What Are the Clinical Findings of Aortic Aneurysm Rupture?
What Are the Types of Surgery for Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms?
What Are the Potential Complications of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair?
Perioperative
Long Term
Suggested Readings
Section 6: Trauma
Chapter 32: The Trauma Patient: An Introduction
Background
History
Epidemiology
Care of the Trauma Patient
Identification of injury patterns
Universal precautions
Primary survey
Airway Maintenance With Cervical Spine Protection
Breathing and Ventilation
Circulation With Hemorrhage Control
Disability (Neurologic Evaluation)
Exposure and Environmental Control
Secondary survey
Use of Radiographs in the Trauma Bay
Use of Ultrasound in the Trauma Bay
Patient Disposition
References
Chapter 33: Fall From Standing in an 88-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis of Headache and Dizziness After a Fall?
What Is the Evaluation for a Patient Who Presents With Acute or Subacute Neurologic Symptoms?
What Are the Common Historical Keys and Examination Findings Consistent With Subdural Hematoma?
What Are the Indications for Treatment of an Intracranial Hematoma?
What Are the Potential Complications of Surgical Evacuation of Intracranial Hematomas?
References
Chapter 34: Stab Wound to the Neck in a 33-Year-Old Male
What Is This Initial Assessment for a Patient Who Presents With a Traumatic Neck Injury?
How Are Injuries to the Neck Categorized Anatomically?
What Are the Next Steps in Management After an Injury to a Neck Structure Is Suspected or Diagnosed?
What Are the Most Common Injuries Resulting from Penetrating Neck Trauma and What Are the Appropriate Steps in Management?
Carotid Artery Injury
Jugular Vein Injury
Tracheal Injury/Laryngeal Injury
Esophageal Injury
Suggested Readings
Chapter 35: Gunshot Wound to the Chest in a 23-Year-Old Male
What Are the Initial Steps in the Management of Patients With Penetrating Thoracic Trauma?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Penetrating Thoracic Injuries?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques and Adjunctive Tests That Can Be Used to Evaluate the Patient With Pen ...
What Is the Treatment for Tension Pneumothorax, Pneumothorax, and Hemothorax?
What Is the Treatment for the Hypotensive Patient With Hemothorax or Traumatic Pericardial Tamponade?
Resuscitative thoracotomy
Median sternotomy
Suggested Readings
Chapter 36: Bicycle Crash Involving a 37-Year-Old Male
What Injuries Are Most likely in Victims of Blunt Chest Injury and What Are the Steps in Diagnosis and Management?
When Is a Chest Radiograph Indicated?
What Are Common Findings of Severe Chest Injury on CXR?
What Are the Management Options for Rib Fractures?
What Are the Grades of Blunt Aortic Injury and What Are the Indications for Repair of Aortic Injuries?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 37: Stab Wound to the Right Upper Quadrant in a 20-Year-Old Male
What Are the Initial Steps in the Workup of Penetrating Abdominal Wounds?
What Are the Considerations in Performing a Trauma Laparotomy?
Are There Cases in Which a Penetrating Abdominal Wound Can Be Managed Nonoperatively?
What Are the Potential Complications of Hepatic Trauma?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 38: Blow to the Abdomen in a 19-Year-Old Male Football Player
How Should a Patient With Blunt Abdominal Trauma Be Triaged and Evaluated?
What Is the Relevant Anatomy for Assessing Patients With Blunt Abdominal Injuries?
What Are the Next Steps in Workup and Management for Blunt Trauma Patients?
What is the Operation of Choice for Blunt Abdominal Trauma?
How Are Splenic Injuries Classified and Managed?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 39: Fall From Height Involving a 64-Year-Old Female
What Are the Important Considerations in Triage and Workup of a Patient Who Has Sustained a Fall?
What Is the Clinical Significance of Pelvic Fractures in the Acute Trauma Patient?
How Are Pelvic Fractures Classified?
What Other Injuries Are Associated With Pelvic Fractures?
How Are Pelvic Fractures Managed?
How Is Preperitoneal Packing Performed?
How Is Pelvic External Fixation Performed?
Suggested Readings
Section 7: Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery
Chapter 40: Anterior Mediastinal Mass in a 61-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for a Mediastinal Mass?
How Do Mediastinal Masses Typically Present?
What Is the Workup for Patients With a Mediastinal Mass?
What Are the Special Considerations for Anterior Mediastinal Masses?
Thymic tumors
Teratomas (primary mediasinal germ cell tumors)
\"Terrible\" LYMPHOMA
Thyroid mass
What Are Operative Approaches for the Treatment of Mediastinal Masses?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 41: Solitary Pulmonary Nodule in a 65-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Cough Productive of Bloody Sputum?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule?
What Risk Factors Are Associated With Malignancy?
How Are Imaging Modalities Used to Evaluate a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule?
What Are Guidelines for Assessment of a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule?
What Are the Options for Pulmonary Tissue Biopsy?
Why Is Mediastinal Evaluation Important?
What Are the Indications for Surgical Resection of a Pulmonary Mass?
Given the Variety of Diagnoses for a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule, What Should Be the Logic of Our Approach to Treatment?
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Assessed to Be Malignant
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Thought Likely to Be Metastatic
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Proven to Be Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Representing Small Cell Lung Cancer
What Are the Types of Lung Resection Surgery?
What Are the Potential Complications of Lung Resection?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 42: Shortness of Breath in a 78-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Shortness of Breath?
What Are the Important Aspects of History and Physical Examination to Evaluate a Patient With Shortness of Breath?
What Are the Cardinal Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis?
What Are the Causes of Aortic Stenosis?
What Are the Physical Examination Findings in Patients With Aortic Stenosis?
What Is the Appropriate Diagnostic Workup for Patients With Aortic Stenosis?
What Are the Treatment Options for Patients With Aortic Stenosis?
What Types of Replacement Aortic Valves Are Available?
What Is a Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 43: Unstable Angina in a 67-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Chest Pain?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques to Evaluate Chest Pain?
What Are the Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction?
After Initial Stabilization, What Are the Treatment Options for Patients With a Myocardial Infarction?
What Workup Should Be Completed Before a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery?
What Are the Potential Immediate and Delayed Complications of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?
Suggested Reading
Section 8: Critical Care
Chapter 44: Lethargy After Bowel Resection in a 55-Year-Old Male
What is Toxic Megacolon?
What Are the Common Causes of Lethargy in Postoperative Patients?
What Is the Workup for Postoperative Lethargy?
What Is the Definition of Hypernatremia and What Is Its Clinical Presentation?
What Are the Mechanisms That Can Lead to Hypernatremia?
What Is the Approach to Assess a Patient With Hypernatremia?
What Are the Treatments for Hypernatremia?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 45: Acidosis in an Intubated 45-Year-Old Male
How Does One Interpret an Arterial Blood Gas?
What Are the Therapeutic Options Available for Correcting Acid-Base Disturbances?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for a Patient Who Presents in Respiratory Failure?
What Are the Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
What Are Specific Ventilator Strategies Used in Patients With ARDS?
References
Chapter 46: Chest Pain, Aortic Dissection and ATN in a 52-Year-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain?
What Are the Important Aspects of the History and Physical Examination in a Patient With Chest Pain?
Based on the Differential Diagnosis, What Laboratory Tests and Imaging Should Be Ordered Initially?
What Are Common Complications of Aortic Dissection?
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for the Cause of Postoperative Renal Failure?
What Is the Significance of Coarse Granular Casts in Urine Sediment?
What Is the Natural Progression of Acute Tubular Necrosis?
What Are the Clinical Consequences and Management of Acute Tubular Necrosis?
When Is Dialysis Indicated in the Setting of Acute Kidney Injury?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 47: Third-Degree Burns in a 22-Year-Old Female
What Is the Clinical Evaluation and Assessment of a Burn Patient?
What Are the Classifications of Burns and How Are They Distinguished?
Electrical burns
Chemical burns
What Other Pathologies Can Appear Similar to Burns?
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Steven-johnson syndrome
Frostbite
What Is the Pathophysiology Behind Burn Wounds?
How Are Burn Patients Appropriately Resuscitated?
Parkland and consensus formulae
What Is the Nonsurgical Treatment for Burns?
Supportive care
Nutrition
What Is the Surgical Treatment for Burns?
Escharotomy
Surgical excision
Wound closure and skin grafting
What Complications Can Be Seen in Burn Patients and How Are They Managed?
Wound infection
Respiratory complications
Compartment syndrome
Other medical complications
Suggested Readings
Chapter 48: Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection in a 57-Year-Old Male
What Clinical Findings Are Important in a Patient Who Presents With a Painful Skin Lesion or Extremity?
What Are Some Other Skin and Soft Tissue Infections to Keep in Mind?
What Are the Next Steps in Management in a Patient for Whom There Is Concern for a Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection?
What Is the Pathophysiology of NSTIs?
How are NSTIs classified?
What Are Some Adjuvant Therapies Used in the Management of NSTIs?
Suggested Readings
Section 9: Transplant Surgery
Chapter 49: Cirrhosis in a 45-Year-Old Male
What Are the Causes of Liver Disease?
What are the Essential Functions of the Liver?
What Is Cirrhosis?
What Are the Clinical Findings of Cirrhosis?
What Is the Workup and Management of a Patient With Cirrhosis?
What Are the Indications for Liver Transplant? How Are Patients Listed for Transplantation?
What Are the Important Aspects of Postoperative Management of the Liver Transplant Recipient?
What Are the Potential Complications of Liver Transplantation?
What Is Graft-Versus-Host Disease?
What Are the Outcomes and Special Considerations After Liver Transplantation?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 50: End-Stage Renal Disease in a 46-Year-Old Female
What Are the Major Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease?
What Is the Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and How Is It Classified?
What Does the Workup for Renal Transplantation Entail?
What Are the Available Sources of Kidneys for Transplantation?
What Are the Important Aspects of Postoperative Management After Renal Transplantation?
What Are Potential Complications After Renal Transplantation?
Beyond the Pearls
Suggested Readings
Section 10: Pediatric Surgery
Chapter 51: Jaundice in a 1-Month-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Jaundice in a Newborn?
What Is the Standard Workup to Evaluate Jaundice in a Neonate?
What Is the Typical Presentation of a Choledochal Cyst?
How Are Choledochal Cysts Classified and Treated?
What Is the Next Step in the Workup of Pediatric Patients With Obstructive Jaundice?
What Is the Pathophysiology of Biliary Atresia?
How Is Biliary Atresia Classified?
What Is the Recommended Operative Intervention for Biliary Atresia?
What Is the Expected Outcome After the Kasai Operation?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 52: Abdominal Wall Defect in a Newborn Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Abdominal Wall Defect on Prenatal Ultrasound?
How Should Women Be Counseled Regarding Expectations and Method of Delivery After a Prenatal Diagnosis of an Abdominal Wall ...
How Should the Infant Be Managed in the Immediate Postnatal Period?
What Is the Operative Management of Omphalocele?
What Is the Operative Management of Gastroschisis?
What Are the Long-term Outcomes After Abdominal Wall Repair?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 53: Hypoxemia and Labored Breathing in a Newborn
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Hypoxia and Dyspnea in a Newborn?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Findings in Determining the Etiology of a Newborns Respiratory Distress?
What Are the Diagnostic Modalities Utilized for Evaluation of the Etiology of Respiratory Distress in a Newborn?
How Are Tracheoesophageal Fistulae Categorized?
What Are the Treatment Options for Neonates With Tracheoesophageal Fistulae?
What Are the Treatment Options for Neonates With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia?
What Are the Potential Complications of Surgical Repair of Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia?
Suggested Readings
Chapter 54: Bilious Vomiting in a 1-Week-Old Male
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Vomiting in a Neonate?
What Are the Primary Physical Examination Techniques to Evaluate Vomiting?
What Is the Relevant Anatomy of Malrotation?
What Are the Clinical Findings of Malrotation With a Volvulus?
Do All Patients With Malrotation Require Surgery?
What Surgery Is Used to Treat Malrotation?
What Are the Potential Complications of the Open Ladds Procedure?
Perioperative complications
Long-term complications
What Are the Potential Complications of the Laparoscopic Ladds Procedure?
Perioperative complications
Long-term complications
Suggested Readings
Chapter 55: Abdominal Pain, Vomiting, and Fever in a 3-Year-Old Female
What Is the Differential Diagnosis for Abdominal Pain, Emesis, and Fevers in This Age Group?
What Are Important Clinical Symptoms or Signs of Appendicitis, Intussusception, and Midgut Volvulus?
Appendicitis
Intussusception
Midgut volvulus
What Initial Studies and/or Laboratory Tests Should Be Ordered?
What Is the Surgical Management of Acute Appendicitis?
What Is the Management of Complicated Appendicitis?
What Is the Management of Ileocolic Intussusception?
Suggested Readings
Index