دانلود کتاب Surgical Techniques in Moyamoya Vasculopathy: Tricks of the Trade

فهرست مطالب :

Surgical Techniques in Moyamoya Vasculopathy: Tricks of the Trade
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Part 1 General Concepts
1 Perioperative Management and Considerations
1.1 Physiology
1.1.1 Basic Physiology of Cerebral Blood Flow
1.1.2 What Is Different in Patients with Moyamoya Disease?
1.2 Anesthesia
1.2.1 Choice of Anesthesia Technique
1.2.2 Preoperative Evaluation and Premedication
1.2.3 Monitoring
1.2.4 Targets of Anesthesia
1.2.5 Induction and Maintenance
1.2.6 Emergence
1.3 Postoperative Care for Moyamoya Disease Patients
1.3.1 Where?
1.3.2 Pain Control
1.4 Threats of Anesthesia for Moyamoya Disease Surgery
1.4.1 Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks
1.4.2 Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome
References
Suggested Readings
2 General Principles of Direct Bypass Surgery
2.1 History and Initial Description
2.2 Analysis of Hemodynamic Compromise for Direct Bypass Surgery
2.3 Key Principles of Direct Revascularization Surgery
2.3.1 Graft Choice
2.3.2 Recipient Artery
2.3.3 Standardized Strategies versus Targeted Bypass Procedures
2.3.4 Peri- and Intraoperative Management and Neuroprotection
2.3.5 Intraoperative Flow Assessment
2.4 General Complications and Risk Stratification
References
3 General Principles of Indirect Bypass Surgery
3.1 Introduction
3.2 History and Initial Description
3.3 Pathophysiology
3.4 Concept of Indirect Bypass Surgery
References
Part 2 Indirect Revascularization
4 Multiple Burr Holes
4.1 History and Initial Description
4.2 Indications
4.3 Key Principles
4.4 SWOT Analysis
4.4.1 Strengths
4.4.2 Weakness
4.4.3 Opportunities
4.4.4 Threats
4.5 Contraindications
4.6 Special Considerations
4.6.1 Imaging
4.6.2 Patient
4.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
4.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
4.8.1 Anesthesia
4.8.2 Position
4.9 Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
4.10 Difficulties Encountered
4.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
4.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
5 Encephalo-myo-synangiosis
5.1 History and Initial Description
5.2 Indications
5.3 Key Principles
5.4 SWOT Analysis
5.4.1 Strengths
5.4.2 Weaknesses
5.4.3 Opportunities
5.4.4 Threats
5.5 Contraindications
5.6 Special Considerations
5.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
5.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
5.9 Key Surgical Steps
5.9.1 Patient Position and Skin Incision
5.9.2 Pterional Skin Incision
5.9.3 Separate Skin and Muscle Flaps
5.9.4 Mobilization of the Temporalis Muscle
5.9.5 Elevation of the Muscle Flap
5.9.6 Craniotomy and Drilling of the Sphenoid Wing
5.9.7 Opening of the Dura and Encephaloduro-synangiosis
5.9.8 Suturing of the Muscle Fascia to the Edge of the Dural Opening
5.9.9 Bone Flap Reimplantation
5.10 Difficulties Encountered
5.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
5.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
6 Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis: Pediatric
6.1 History and Initial Description
6.2 Indications
6.3 Key Principles
6.4 SWOT Analysis
6.4.1 Strengths
6.4.2 Weaknesses
6.4.3 Opportunities
6.4.4 Threats
6.5 Contraindications
6.5.1 General Contraindications to Revascularization Surgery
6.5.2 Specific Contraindications to EDAS
6.6 Special Considerations
6.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
6.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
6.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
6.10 Difficulties Encountered
6.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
6.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
Suggested Readings
7 Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis: In Adults
7.1 History and Initial Description
7.1.1 Literature Support for the Use of EDAS in Adults
7.2 Indications
7.3 Key Principles for the EDAS Surgery in Adults
7.4 SWOT Analysis
7.4.1 Strengths
7.4.2 Weaknesses
7.4.3 Opportunities
7.4.4 Threats
7.5 Specific Adult EDAS Contraindications
7.5.1 Absolute
7.5.2 Relative
7.5.3 Not Contraindications
7.6 Special Considerations
7.6.1 Care Beyond the Surgical Field
7.7 Risk Assessment and Complications
7.8 Preoperative Workup
7.8.1 Specific Consideration with Anticoagulation
7.9 Patient Preparation
7.9.1 Patient Position with Skin Incision
7.10 Surgical Steps
7.10.1 STA Dissection
7.10.2 STA Care and Preservation
7.10.3 Craniotomy
7.10.4 Middle Meningeal Artery Preservation
7.10.5 Cerebrospinal Fluid Release
7.10.6 Dural Flaps Preparation and Superficial Temporal Artery Fixation
7.10.7 Craniotomy Closure
7.11 Difficulties Encountered and Pearls of Management
7.12 Pitfalls
7.13 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
7.14 Postoperative Care
7.14.1 Patient Surveillance
7.14.2 EDAS Functional Assessment
7.14.3 EDAS Angiographic Assessment
7.14.4 Advanced Imaging
References
8 Bifrontal Encephalo-duro-periosteal-synangiosis Combined with STA–MCA Bypass
8.1 History and Initial Description
8.2 Indications
8.3 Key Principles
8.4 SWOT Analysis
8.5 Contraindications
8.6 Special Considerations
8.7 Complications
8.8 Special Instructions and Anesthesia
8.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
8.9.1 Direct (STA–MCA) and Indirect (EDMS) Bypass for Unilateral MCA Territory Revascularization
8.9.2 Bifrontal EDPS
8.10 Difficulties Encountered
8.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Manoeuvres
8.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
Part 3 Direct Revascularization
9 STA–MCA Bypass for Direct Revascularization in Moyamoya Disease
9.1 History and Initial Description
9.2 Indications
9.3 Key Principles
9.4 SWOT Analysis
9.4.1 Strengths
9.4.2 Weaknesses
9.4.3 Opportunities
9.4.4 Threats
9.5 Contraindications
9.6 Special Considerations
9.6.1 Preoperative Imaging
9.6.2 Anticoagulation
9.6.3 Other Considerations
9.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
9.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
9.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
9.9.1 Preparation
9.9.2 Surgical Technique
9.10 Difficulties Encountered
9.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
9.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
9.12.1 Preoperative Evaluations
9.12.2 Technical Tips
9.12.3 Postoperative Care
References
10 Double-Barrel Bypass in Moyamoya Disease
10.1 History and Initial Description
10.2 Indications
10.3 Key Principles of the Double-Barrel Bypass
10.4 SWOT Analysis
10.4.1 Strengths
10.4.2 Weaknesses
10.4.3 Opportunity
10.4.4 Threats
10.5 Contraindications
10.6 Special Considerations
10.7 Risk Assessment and Complications
10.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
10.8.1 Preoperative Workup
10.8.2 Patient Position
10.8.3 Anesthesia
10.9 Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
10.9.1 Skin Incision and Dissection of STA
10.9.2 Temporal Muscle Dissection and Craniotomy
10.9.3 Dural Opening
10.9.4 Anastomotic Site Selection
10.9.5 Donor STA Preparation
10.9.6 Recipient MCA Branch Preparation
10.9.7 MCA Arteriotomy
10.9.8 Anastomosis
10.9.9 Graded Release of the Temporary Clips and Hemostasis
10.9.10 Second Anastomoses
10.9.11 Closure Phase
10.9.12 Postoperative Care
10.10 Difficulties Encountered
10.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
10.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
11 Occipital Artery–Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass in Moyamoya Disease
11.1 History and Initial Description
11.2 Indications
11.3 Key Principles
11.4 SWOT Analysis
11.4.1 Strengths
11.4.2 Weaknesses
11.4.3 Opportunities
11.4.4 Threats
11.5 Contraindications
11.6 Special Considerations
11.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
11.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
11.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
11.10 Difficulties Encountered
11.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
11.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
12 STA–ACA/MCA Double Bypasses with Long Grafts
12.1 History and Initial Description
12.2 Indications
12.3 Key Principle of STA–ACA/MCA Double Bypasses with Long Grafts
12.4 SWOT Analysis
12.4.1 Strength
12.4.2 Weaknesses
12.4.3 Opportunity
12.4.4 Threats
12.5 Contraindications
12.6 Special Considerations
12.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
12.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
12.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
12.10 Difficulties Encountered
12.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
12.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
12.12.1 Graft Management
12.12.2 Anastomosis
12.12.3 Training
Suggested Readings
13 Double Anastomosis Using Only One Branch of the Superficial Temporal Artery: Single-Vessel Double Anastomosis
13.1 History and Initial Description
13.2 Indications
13.3 Key Principles
13.4 SWOT Analysis
13.4.1 Strengths
13.4.2 Weaknesses
13.4.3 Opportunities
13.4.4 Threats
13.5 Contraindications
13.6 Special Considerations
13.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
13.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
13.9 Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
13.10 Difficulties Encountered
13.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
13.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
Suggested Readings
Part 4 Combined Revascularization
14 Combined STA–MCA Bypass and Encephalo-myo-synangiosis
14.1 History and Initial Description
14.2 Indications
14.3 Key Principles
14.4 SWOT Analysis
14.4.1 Strengths
14.4.2 Weaknesses
14.4.3 Opportunities
14.4.4 Threats
14.5 Contraindications
14.6 Special Considerations
14.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
14.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
14.9 Patient Position and Key Surgical Steps 97
14.10 Difficulties Encountered
14.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
14.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons learned
References
15 STA–MCA Bypass and EMS/EDMS
15.1 History and Initial Description
15.2 Indications
15.3 Key Principles
15.4 SWOT Analysis
15.4.1 Strengths
15.4.2 Weaknesses
15.4.3 Opportunities
15.4.4 Threats
15.5 Contraindications
15.6 Special Considerations
15.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
15.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
15.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
15.10 Difficulties Encountered
15.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
15.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
16 Combined Direct (STA–MCA) and Indirect (EDAS) EC–IC Bypass
16.1 History and Initial Description
16.2 Indications
16.3 Key Principles
16.4 SWOT Analysis
16.5 Contraindications
16.6 Special Considerations
16.6.1 Preoperative Considerations
16.6.2 Postoperative Considerations
16.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
16.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
16.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
16.9.1 Description of the Technique
16.10 Difficulties Encountered
16.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
16.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
17 STA–MCA Anastomosis and EDMAPS
17.1 History and Initial Description
17.1.1 STA–MCA Anastomosis and EDMAPS as an \"Ultimate\" Bypass
17.2 Indications and Contraindications
17.2.1 Asymptomatic Moyamoya Disease
17.2.2 Ischemic-Tpe Moyamoya Disease
17.2.3 Hemorrhagic-Type Moyamoya Disease
17.3 Key Principles
17.4 SWOT Analysis
17.5 Special Considerations
17.6 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
17.7 Special Instructions and Anesthesia
17.8 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
17.8.1 Skin Incision and Donor Tissue Preparation
17.8.2 Craniotomy and Dural Opening
17.8.3 Direct STA–MCA Anastomosis
17.8.4 Indirect Bypass and Cranioplasty
17.9 Difficulties Encountered
17.9.1 Preservation of Scalp Blood Flow
17.9.2 Preservation of the MMA during Craniotomy
17.9.3 ICG Videoangiography before Craniotomy 124
17.9.4 STA–MCA Anastomosis
17.10 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
References
18 STA–MCA Bypass and Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis
18.1 History and Initial Description
18.2 Indications
18.3 Key Principles
18.4 SWOT Analysis
18.4.1 Strengths
18.4.2 Weaknesses
18.4.3 Opportunity
18.4.4 Threat
18.5 Contraindications
18.6 Special Considerations
18.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
18.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
18.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
18.9.1 Position
18.9.2 Skin Incision and STA Harvest
18.9.3 Craniotomy
18.9.4 Recipient Vessel Preparation
18.9.5 Donor Vessel Preparation
18.9.6 STA–MCA Bypass
18.9.7 Encephalo-arterio-synangiosis
18.9.8 Encephalo-duro-synangiosis
18.9.9 Closure
18.10 Difficulties Encountered
18.10.1 Donor Vessel
18.10.2 Craniotomy/Durotomy
18.10.3 Recipient Vessel
18.10.4 Anastomosis
18.10.5 Closure
18.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
18.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
18.12.1 Preoperative Management
18.12.2 Intraoperative Anesthetic Management
18.12.3 Intraoperative Technique
References
19 Individualized Extracranial-Intracranial Revascularization in the Treatment of Late-Stage Moyamoya Disease
19.1 History and Initial Description
19.2 Indications
19.3 Key Principles
19.4 SWOT Analysis
19.4.1 Strength
19.4.2 Weaknesses
19.4.3 Opportunities
19.4.4 Threats
19.5 Contraindications
19.6 Special Considerations
19.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
19.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
19.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
19.9.1 Skin Incision
19.9.2 Temporal Muscle
19.9.3 Bone Flap
19.9.4 Dura Mater
19.9.5 Target Revascularization
19.9.6 The Simplest Anastomosis Techniques
19.10 Difficulties Encountered
19.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
19.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
Suggested Readings
Part 5 Rescue Strategies for Repeat Surgery
20 Omental–Cranial Transposition
20.1 Background
20.1.1 History
20.2 Indications
20.3 Key Principles
20.4 SWOT Analysis
20.4.1 Strength
20.4.2 Weakness
20.4.3 Opportunity
20.4.4 Threat
20.5 Contraindications
20.6 Special Considerations
20.7 Risk Assessment: Our Experience
20.8 Preoperative Workup
20.8.1 Specific Consideration with Anticoagulation
20.9 Patient Preparation
20.9.1 Patient Position with Skin Incision
20.10 Surgical Steps
20.10.1 Key Procedural Step 1: Omental Harvest
20.10.2 Key Procedural Step 2: Delivery and Tunneling
20.10.3 Key Procedural Step 3: Craniotomy
20.11 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
20.12 Pitfalls
20.13 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
20.14 Postoperative Care
20.14.1 Patient Surveillance
20.14.2 Bypass Function Assessment
20.15 Case Illustrations
20.15.1 Case 1
20.15.2 Case 2
20.16 Conclusion
Suggested Readings
21 ECA–MCA Bypass with Radial Artery Graft
21.1 History and Initial Description
21.2 Indications
21.3 Key Principles
21.4 SWOT Analysis
21.4.1 Strength
21.4.2 Weaknesses
21.4.3 Opportunity
21.4.4 Threat
21.5 Contraindications
21.6 Special Considerations
21.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
21.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
21.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
21.10 Difficulties Encountered
21.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
21.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
22 OA–MCA or OA–PCA Bypass
22.1 Background
22.1.1 History
22.2 Indication
22.3 Key Principles
22.4 SWOT Analysis
22.4.1 Strength
22.4.2 Weakness
22.4.3 Opportunity
22.4.4 Threat
22.5 Contraindications
22.5.1 Relative Contraindications
22.6 Special Considerations
22.7 Risk Assessment—Stanford Experience
22.8 Preoperative Workup
22.8.1 Specific Consideration with Anticoagulation
22.9 Patient Preparation
22.9.1 Patient Position with Skin Incision
22.10 Surgical Steps
22.10.1 Key Procedural Step 1: OA Harvest
22.10.2 Key Procedural Step 2: Craniotomy and Dural Opening
22.10.3 Key Procedural Step 3: Prepare Recipient Vessel
22.10.4 Key Procedural Step 4: Prepare Donor Vessel
22.10.5 Key Procedural Step 5: Microanastomosis
22.10.6 Key Procedural Step 6: Ensure Bypass Graft Patency
22.10.7 Key Procedural Step 7: Closure
22.11 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
22.12 Pitfalls
22.13 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
22.14 Postoperative Care
22.14.1 Patient Surveillance
22.14.2 Bypass Function Assessment
22.15 Case Illustrations
22.15.1 Case 1: OA–PCA Bypass
22.15.2 Case 2: OA–MCA Bypass
22.16 Conclusion
Suggested Readings
23 PAA–MCA Bypass
23.1 History and Initial Description
23.2 Indications
23.3 Key Principles
23.4 SWOT Analysis
23.4.1 Strengths
23.4.2 Weakness
23.4.3 Opportunity
23.4.4 Threat
23.5 Contraindications
23.6 Special Considerations
23.7 Pitfalls, Risk Assessment, and Complications
23.8 Special Instructions, Position, and Anesthesia
23.9 Patient Position with Skin Incision and Key Surgical Steps
23.10 Difficulties Encountered
23.11 Bailout, Rescue, and Salvage Maneuvers
23.12 Tips, Pearls, and Lessons Learned
References
Index