دانلود کتاب Systems Approach to Astrobiology

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgment Chapter 1 What is Astrobiology? 1.1 Definition of Astrobiology 1.2 Is Astrobiology a Discipline? 1.3 Astrobiology as a Field of Study Chapter 2 Examples of Complex Problems in Astrobiology Chapter 3 An Overview of the Systems Approach to the Understanding and Solving the Complex Problems Relevant to Astrobiology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 An Example of Previous Applications of the Systems Approach to Astrobiology 3.3 An Example of the Need for a Systems Approach in Astrobiology 3.4 Definition and Characteristics of a System, Systems Thinking, and Systems Analysis Method 3.4.1 Our Focus and a Brief Background 3.4.2 In-Depth Coverage Chapter 4 Application of Systems Analysis to Defining Life 4.1 Introduction and an Overview of the Problem 4.2 Background on Definitions in General and Examples of Definitions of Life 4.3 Our Systems-Oriented Definition of Life 4.4 Life as a System vs. Robotic Systems: What Can We Learn From the Parallel with the Martian Rovers? 4.4.1 System Description and Classification 4.4.2 Power and Energy 4.4.3 Control and Data 4.4.4 Sensors 4.4.5 Structures and Mechanisms 4.4.6 Import-Export-Storage 4.4.7 Communications 4.4.8 Internal Environment 4.4.9 Mobility 4.4.10 Navigation 4.4.11 Reproduction 4.4.12 Defense 4.4.13 Interconnects 4.4.14 Boundary 4.4.15 Lessons Learned From Systems Engineering 4.4.16 Optimization 4.4.17 Operations 4.4.18 Distributed vs Integrated Subsystems 4.4.19 Testing 4.4.20 Operating Modes 4.4.21 Perturbations and Stability 4.4.22 System Characterization and Knowledge 4.4.23 Understanding the System 4.4.24 Payloads 4.4.25 Discipline for Engineering Development 4.5 Are There Functions in the Human Body Analogous to Engineering Functions? 4.5.1 Classical System Description of Humans by Physiologists 4.5.2 Power and Energy 4.5.3 Control and Data 4.5.4 Sensors 4.5.5 Structures and Mechanisms 4.5.6 Import-Export-Storage 4.5.7 Communications 4.5.8 Internal Environment 4.5.9 Mobility 4.5.10 Navigation 4.5.11 Reproduction 4.5.12 Defense 4.5.13 Interconnects 4.5.14 Boundary 4.5.15 Synopsis Chapter 5 Systems Chemistry 5.1 Introduction and Background 5.2 Definitions and the Scope of Systems Chemistry 5.3 Systems Chemistry as Relevant for Astrobiology Chapter 6 Prebiotic Chemistry 6.1 Introduction and Background 6.2 Prebiotic Chemistry as an Experimental Science 6.2.1 Prebiotic Syntheses of Nucleotides 6.2.2 Multi-step Linear and Convergent Syntheses in Regular and Prebiotic Chemistry 6.2.3 Systems Chemistry Approach Toward Building Chemical Novelty in Prebiotic Chemical Systems 6.3 Prebiotic Systems Chemistry Chapter 7 Systems Approach to Prebiotic Chemical Evolution That Led to Life 7.1 Background on Chemical Evolution 7.2 Chemical Evolution That Led to Life 7.3 Survivability, Sustainability, and Longevity of Chemicals During Prebiotic Chemical Evolution That Led to Life 7.4 Chemical Evolution in Different Prebiotic Media and Energy Sources 7.5 Emergence of Autocatalytic Cycles 7.6 Chemical Evolution That Led to Life: Macrobiont as a Cradle for Life 7.6.1 Description of Exemplar Macrobiont 7.6.2 Power and Energy 7.6.3 Control and Data 7.6.4 Sensors 7.6.5 Structures and Mechanisms 7.6.6 Import-Export-Storage 7.6.7 Communications 7.6.8 Internal Environment 7.6.9 Mobility 7.6.10 Navigation 7.6.11 Reproduction 7.6.12 Defense 7.6.13 Interconnects 7.6.14 Boundary 7.6.15 Summary Chapter 8 Systems Approach to the Origin of Life, Including Abiotic-to-Biotic (a-2-b) Transition 8.1 Selected Approaches for Studying the Origin of Life 8.2 Abiotic-to-Biotic (a-2-b) Transition 8.2.1 An Overview of the Problem of the a-2-b Transition 8.3 Selected Proposals for the Abiotic-to-Biotic (a-2-b) Transition 8.3.1 Introduction 8.3.2 Thresholds in the Emergence of Life 8.3.3 Quantity-to-Quality (q-2-q) Model for the Abiotic-to-Biotic (a-2-b) Transition 8.3.4 On the Nature of the Abiotic-to-Biotic (a-2-b) Transition Chapter 9 Systems Biology and its Relevance to Prebiotic Chemical Systems That Led to Life 9.1 Introduction and a Brief Background 9.2 Systems Biology Features That Need to Be Established in the Prebiotic Chemical Systems to Enable the Emergence of Life 9.3 Systems Biology and the Origins of Life 9.3.1 Ricard's Definition of Life 9.3.2 Some Examples of Ricard's Work 9.3.3 A Comprehensive List of Topics within the General Subject of System Biology and the Origins of Life by Ricard Chapter 10 Application of Systems Analysis to Additional Complex Astrobiology Problems 10.1 Consideration of the Virus-Host System. Are Viruses Alive or Not? 10.1.1 Introduction and Objectives 10.1.2 A Brief Background on Viruses Chapter 11 Transport of Life Between Planets 11.1 History of the Panspermia Concept 11.2 Planetary System Transfers 11.2.1 Possible Panspermia Between Mars and Earth 11.2.2 Power and Energy 11.2.3 Control and Data 11.2.4 Sensors 11.2.5 Structures and Mechanisms 11.2.6 Import-Export-Storage 11.2.7 Communications 11.2.8 Internal Environment 11.2.9 Mobility 11.2.10 Navigation 11.2.11 Reproduction 11.2.12 Defense 11.2.13 Interconnects 11.2.14 Boundary 11.3 Mars-to-Earth Lithopanspermia 11.4 Interstellar Panspermia 11.4.1 Interstellar Communications of Intelligence Chapter 12 Retrospective on the General Applicability of Our System Functional Block Diagram References Index